Rapid establishment of closed canopy cover is a key goal in land reclamation. While re-establishment of understory vegetation is likely to positively contribute to this goal, native herbaceous ...species are not typically planted on reclaimed sites though it is an alternative to reliance on natural regeneration. The objective of the present study was to test the principle of hitchhiker production of a tree species with native herbaceous species on recently reclaimed industrial sites with the aim of (1) understanding growth tradeoffs when mixing these species in the same container and (2) if hitchhiking had negative growth and survival outcomes for white spruce ( Picea glauca) seedlings compared with singly grown white spruce seedlings. White spruce seeds were sown in nursery containers of contrasting cavity sizes, followed by sowing a forb species ( Eurybia conspicua or Chamerion angustifolium) at different time intervals or grown singly. Larger cavities and earlier sow dates were associated with higher persistence and growth of the forbs, while later sow dates were associated with larger white spruce seedlings. We observed no evidence to suggest that hitchhiked seedlings were at a competitive disadvantage in terms of growth or survival compared with singly grown seedlings that were initially similar in size.
Abstract
Climate change and particulate matter air pollution present major threats to human well-being by causing impacts on human health. Both are connected to key air pollutants such as carbon ...dioxide (CO
$$_\text {2}$$
2
), primary fine particulate matter (PM
$$_\text {2.5}$$
2.5
), sulfur dioxide (SO
$$_\text {2}$$
2
), nitrogen oxides (NO
$$_\text {x}$$
x
) and ammonia (NH
$$_\text {3}$$
3
), which are primarily emitted from energy-intensive industrial sectors. We present the first study to consistently link a broad range of emission measurements for these substances with site-specific technical data, emission models, and atmospheric fate and effect models to quantify health impacts caused by nearly all global fossil power plants, steel mills, oil refineries and cement plants. The resulting health impact patterns differ substantially from far less detailed earlier studies due to the high resolution of included data, highlighting in particular the key role of emission abatement at individual coal-consuming industrial sites in densely populated areas of Asia (Northern and North-Eastern India, Java in Indonesia, Eastern China), Western Europe (Germany, Belgium, Netherlands) as well as in the US. Of greatest health concern are the high SO
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2
emissions in India, which stand out due to missing flue gas treatment and cause a particularly high share of local health impacts despite a limited number of emission sites. At the same time, the massive infrastructure and export capacity build-up in China in recent years is taking a substantial toll on regional and global health and requires more stringent regulation than in the rest of the world due to unfavorable environmental conditions and high population densities. The current phase-out of highly emitting industries in Europe is found not to have started with sites having the greatest health impacts. Our detailed site-specific emission and impact inventory is able to highlight more effective alternatives and to track future progress.
In recent years adaptive reuse has proven to be a promising strategy for preserving cultural heritage. When the adaptive reuse approach is used for cultural heritage, the expected outcome is not only ...the building protection, but the preservation of its historical and heritage significance, and the trade-off between the retention of symbolic values and the adaptation to new alternative (economically profitable) uses becomes of paramount importance. Decisions on the allocation of resources for cultural heritage preservation or development are based on a set of multiple, often conflicting, criteria, as well on the preferences of various, and not always consensual, stakeholders, who attribute different relative importance to market and non-market effects of adaptive reuse proposals. In this context, multiple criteria approaches provide a proper theoretical and methodological framework to address the complexity which characterizes adaptive reuse strategies of cultural heritage. This paper aims to contribute to this strand of literature by proposing a multicriteria decision aiding approach for ranking adaptive reuse strategies of cultural heritage. In detail, we present a novel application of the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) to support the design and implementation of adaptive reuse strategies of abandoned industrial heritage in vulnerable contexts, and evaluate relative tangible and intangible effects. Industrial sites are frequently left to deteriorate, as their preservation is not considered as important as other kinds of heritage structures. Nevertheless, they are characterized by special architectural and technical features as well as by huge spaces suitable to be redeveloped for new uses. The paper focuses on the potential reuse of nine different abandoned buildings located in an industrial valley in the North-West of Italy, with a strong presence of wool and silk factories starting from the 18th century.
IntroductionWorkplace violence concerns a form of aggression encompassing behaviors that are intended to cause physical and mental harm. While studies reported violence is a major and increasing ...concern for the work environment in all countries, violence against female workers in the industrial sector has received less attention.ObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence of various types of violence and associated factors among female workers in the industrial sector.MethodsThis descriptive survey was conducted in eleven industrial sites in Iran. Cross-sectional data were collected by a 78-item questionnaire from 817 female workers recruited through workplace safety and wellbeing units inside the factories. The study measured three types of violence involving physical attacks, verbal threats, and sexual aggressions. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze how demographic characteristics and occupational factors were associated with women’s perceived violence in work life.ResultsAbout half of the participants reported having experienced at least one type of violence. The prevalence rates of verbal aggression, sexual harassment, and physical violence were 52.5%, 12% and 11.5%, respectively. Single female workers (adjusted odds ratio AOR =2.06, 95% CI= 1.09–4.27), and age older than 35 years were (AOR=2.37, 95% CI= 1.26–2.93) each significantly related to increased odds of verbal violence. Short duration of employment (<five years) was the most strongly associated factor for sexual harassment (AOR= 2.82, 95% CI=1.7–2.94). Working the night shift was significantly associated with encountering verbal violence (AOR= 2.79, 95% CI= 1.69–3.06).ConclusionThe findings of this study highlighted occupational violence and the need for an awareness of violence against female workers in industrial plants. The high prevalence of violence suggests that management in industrial workplaces should invest time and resources in addressing violence. Providing reporting procedure and training programs are recommended in dealing with workplace violence risk.
•Narrative texts provide useful information on accident process.•Sectoral patterns are categorized for understanding nature of accident process.•The textmining and LDA are used to extract feature of ...accident process.•Five sectoral patterns are identified based on feature of accident process.
The narrative text analytics has recently focused on identifying an accident process in the various fields of safety such as manufacturing, construction, chemicals, and service. In particular, narrative texts allow finding multiple accident factors and types of accident process including industry, hazard, work activity, and accident result. To present similarity and difference of accident process by categorizing those multiple accident factors shared across industries, identifying sectoral patterns of accidents are useful. In this respect, this study aims to identify the sectoral patterns of accident process using narrative texts information contained in accident reports. For this, the textmining and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithms are used to extract topics of accidents and their main factors, matched with class of industries. As a result of the case study for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, the five sectoral patterns of accident process are identified: scale-intensive, facility-intensive, supplier-dominated, market-dominated, and service-dominated patterns. According to these sectoral patterns, managers and policy makers in the fields of safety take a look at the management issues related to the industry, source, activity, and accident result, considering respective characteristics of industrial sites.
Ob Gewerbegebiete verbaut und unattraktiv oder interessant und klimagerecht sind, liegt in der Hand von Kommunen und Unternehmen. Das bundesweite Netzwerk Gewerbegebiete im Wandel, das aus dem ...gleichnamigen Projekt im Rahmen des Förderschwerpunkts Sozial-ökologische
Forschung entstanden ist, zeigt Wege auf, wie Industriegebiete an Qualität gewinnen, naturbasierte Lösungen dem Klimaschutz dienen und Kooperationen zwischen Unternehmen gefördert werden können.
Many renovations of former industrial sites in China have failed to respond to the different contexts of location within their design. Resulting from an international funded research project, this ...paper considers Human-Centred Emotional Design and cultural strategy as urban renovation tools that can attract capital, mark the city as a distinctive brand and encourage interaction and sensual engagement from citizens. This paper pinpoints the project's initial discoveries and captures a range of personal narratives reflecting the real experiences of Chinese people. The findings unlock potential opportunities for culturally coherent regeneration strategies.
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) samples were collected from four ground-based sites located in the Houston, TX (September 21–28, 2013) and were analyzed for 12 organophosphate esters (OPEs; ...current-use plasticizers and flame retardants). Samples analyzed included daytime, nighttime, and 24 h PM of <2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and total suspended particulate (TSP) samples. PM2.5 and TSP atmospheric ΣOPE concentrations varied over an order of magnitude and were statistically significantly different between urban and suburban and industrial sites. Additionally, significant temporal variability was also identified; for example, daytime atmospheric concentrations of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP; 610 ± 220 pg m–3) measured in TSP samples were significantly higher than nighttime concentrations (280 ± 180 pg m–3; p = 0.03). Detailed discussions of the spatial and temporal distribution are given for Tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCiPP), EHDPP, tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). Correlations to bulk measurements of carbonaceous PM including organic carbon, elemental carbon, and water-soluble organic carbon were used to understand potential sources and urban atmospheric transport. These results highlight the fundamental complexity associated with assessing OPE atmospheric concentrations across a large urban landscape and specific knowledge gaps at the intersection of consumer products and safety with environmental and human health.
In industrial symbiosis, byproducts and wastes are used to substitute other process inputs, with the goal of reducing the environmental impact of production. Potentially, such symbiosis could reduce ...greenhouse gas emissions; although there exists literature exploring this at specific industrial sites, there has not yet been a quantitative global assessment of the potential toward climate mitigation by industrial symbiosis in bulk material production of steel, cement, paper, and aluminum. A model based on physical production recipes is developed to estimate global mass flows for production of these materials with increasing levels of symbiosis. The results suggest that even with major changes to byproduct utilization in cement production, the emission reduction potential is low (7% of the total bulk material system emissions) and will decline as coal-fired electricity generation and blast furnace steel production are phased out. Introducing new technologies for heat recovery allows a greater potential reduction in emissions (up to 18%), but the required infrastructure and technologies have not yet been deployed at scale. Therefore, further industrial symbiosis is unlikely to make a significant contribution to GHG emission mitigation in bulk material production.
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