The article focuses upon the system of colors that could be shaped via analysis of the prose by M. Kotsiubynsky. Colors which the writer used in his oeuvres are shown in its correlations with the ...underlying ideas of the prose. These correlations are realized via using of contrasting colors.For more than a century and a half, the literary work of M. Kotsiubinsky has been attracted attention of many scholars. After all, the author still is a point of interest for researchers because of diversity of topics and literary trends which synthesized the writer’s creativity. It has caused emergence of different, and, therefore, often opposite, interpretations. M. Kotsiubynsky’s creative work has become the object of research for many scholars, such as S. Efremov, M. Zerov, A. Muzychko, A. Shamray, O. Chernenko, Y. Kuznetsov, V. Ageeva, M. Kotsiubynska, Y. Polishchuk, etc.The relevance of the research is that in our time there is no concrete and unified view on certain issues of the artist’s creativity. Therefore, there are different perspectives and theories. In our time M. Kotsiubinsky’s creative work needs a new re-reading.A characteristic feature of the writer’s work is the inherent traits of impressionism. The subject of interest for M. Kotsiubinsky was that one could reproduce the real course of a hero’s mental processes, his or her personality, mood, impressions with the help of color, sound impressions. That is, verbal paints in prose works by M. Kotsiubinsky act as imaginative and expressive means capable to influence the creative and figurative perception of the canvas.The color palette in the writer’s works was not limited to spectral colors. The author used warm and cold shades depending on its psychological impact on hero’s mind. As a master of psychological analysis, M. Kotsiubynsky accurately selected one or another color in a verbal canvas, and color, in turn, fulfilled the relevant role of influence on reader, providing positive or negative expression.Thus, the study of the artist’s style is impossible without taking into account the range of associations, those expressive means that flow from the related arts in which the artist is realized. M. Kotsiubynsky deeply grasped the means of other arts, because he clearly understood it.
The Mid-Carnian Pluvial Episode (or “Carnian Wet Intermezzo”) interrupted the generally arid climate of the Triassic in different regions. An enhanced high-resolution time scale, especially with ...intercalibrated ammonoid, conodont and magnetic polarity zones, is required to understand the global coincidence of regional manifestations of this climatic change and possible causation factors. The termination of oolite-rich limestones and the initial influx of terrigenous debris at the Unit 1 to Unit 2 boundary in the Guanyinya and Qingyangou sections from Hanwang of the Sichuan Province, South China, are interpreted as a local shift from arid to humid climate. A detailed conodont sampling assigns this facies change to within the Mazzaella carnica range zone of the late Julian substage. Therefore, the conodont markers imply it is coeval with the onset of the mid-Carnian “ Rheingraben Event” at the Rappoltstein reference section in southern Germany; and ammonoids in that section enable correlation to the beginning of a negative carbon-isotope excursion that coincides with the termination of the Yangtze Platform at the Longchang reference section in Guizhou, South China. The first occurrence of Parapetella? guanyinensis sp. nov. is very close to the onset of the interpreted Carnian Pluvial Episode at Hanwang and to the cessation of widespread shallow-water carbonate facies in South China. In contrast to this “Intermezzo” episode in the West Tethys region, arid conditions did not resume in South China in the Eastern Tethys until long after the termination of this wet climate in late Julian.
•The termination of oolite-rich limestones is interpreted as a local shift from arid to humid climate.•The onset of the Mid-Carnian “Wet Intermezzo” Event is dated within the M. carnica range zone.•The onset of this humid episode appears to be synchronous with that in some European sections.•The first occurrence of Parapetella? guanyinensis sp. nov. is very close to the onset this humid episode.
Przedmiotem artykułu jest jednoaktowa opera Echo w lesie Józefa Elsnera z tekstem Wojciecha Pękalskiego, rozpatrywana w kluczu określenia gatunkowego „intermezzo” nadanego jej oryginalnie przez obu ...twórców, podobnie jak kilku innym – dziś zaginionym – utworom Elsnera powstałym w latach 1808–1810, w większości z myślą o małżeństwie aktorów-śpiewaków Janie Nepomucenie i Joannie Szczurowskich. Tło historyczne uzasadnia uznanie tego określenia za sygnalizujące intencje nawiązania dla włoskich intermezzów buffa z końca XVIII w.; pod tym kątem zanalizowane zostają fragmenty opisywanego utwóru, ujawniając zarówno treściowe powiązania z osiemnastowieczną opera buffa, obecność cech stylistycznych i technik kompozytorskich charakterystycznych dla tego obszaru repertuarowego, jak i typowych dla opery buffa elementów muzycznych aluzji, parodii i innego typu nawiązań intertekstualnych. Omówione zostają także kwestie zachowanych źródeł, tj. istotne odmienności zachodzące pomiędzy rękopisem libretta z 1808 r. a zachowanym odpisem partytury powstałym po 1835 roku. Różnice te, wespół z wnioskami z analizy utworu, wskazują raczej na to, iż znana nam postać utworu jest wersją pierwotną (i jedyną), choć hipotezy przeciwnej przy obecnym stanie wiedzy także nie da się odrzucić.
The Middle Carnian Wet Intermezzo (MCWI) of the Stuttgart Formation (Schilfsandstein) and age-equivalent strata of the northwestern Tethys occurred entirely within equivalents of the upper subzone of ...the
Austrotrachyceras austriacum ammonoid zone of the late Julian. Its duration is estimated to be only about 0.7–0.8
myr. In both the Germanic Basin and the northwestern Tethys, the warm climate during the MCWI was characterized by a rate of precipitation that exceeded somewhat the evaporation but was not so great as to be pluvial. The MCWI was related to the atmospheric circulation of a megamonsoonal system that was characterized by strong, moisture-laden, northwesterly flowing trade winds that rose as they reached the estimated 2000–3000
m high eastern shoulder uplift of a huge rift causing them to drop an extraordinary amount of rain. This eastern shoulder uplift lay within the Caledonides of modern day western Scandinavia. This region only, between 30 and 50°N palaeolatitude, had a truly pluvial climate, and the huge amounts of fresh water dropped there transported large amounts of siliciclastics from this rift-shoulder uplift southward into the Germanic Basin.
Before deposition of the siliciclastics an early Julian eustatic sea-level fall caused widespread erosion in the Germanic Basin. In the later part of late Julian, a transgression from the eastern gates with the concurrent strong fresh water influx from the north flooded the centre of the northern Germanic Basin with a shallow brackish sea in which the Osterhagen Horizon (Basisschichten) of the lower Stuttgart Formation was deposited. In the upper Osterhagen Horizon the salinity rapidly decreased from mesohaline through mio- and oligohaline to fresh water levels. In southern Germany the Basisschichten formed entirely within fresh water or very low salinity brackish environments
. Later, a slight subsidence of the southwestern Germanic Basin shifted the main outflow of fresh water toward the southwestern end of the basin, creating local brackish conditions in the northern marginal part of the northwestern Tethys (e.g. in the Lunz Beds). During this time interval, tidal influence also can be found in the Stuttgart Formation deposited in palaeoestuaries of the southwestern Germanic Basin adjacent to the Tethys. The very strong fresh water influx from the north, however, prevented these estuaries from developing a strongly elevated salt content, so that only fresh water to oligohaline brackish faunas are found there such as the Eberstadt bivalve–conchostracan fauna.
At the base of the Tuvalian, the megamonsoonal system either disintegrated or else the trade winds shifted their principal flow direction. This caused the climate within the Germanic Basin and in the nearby northwestern Tethys Sea to become arid again as it had been before the deposition of the Stuttgart Formation. These changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns also terminated the pluvial climatic regime to the north along the Scandinavian eastern rift-shoulder uplift. This in turn ended the transport of huge amounts of siliciclastics from this region southward into the Germanic Basin and ended the deposition of the Schilfsandstein. After this, the hypersaline sabkha and playa sedimentation of the Weser Formation began, which was accompanied by some minor marine ingressions in the southwestern Germanic Basin.
The deposition of the Stuttgart Formation (‘Schilfsandstein’), commonly considered as a type-example of the Carnian Pluvial Event, was controlled by high frequent 4th order sequences that resulted in ...pre-, intra- and post-Schilfsandstein transgressions from Tethyan waters into the epicontinental Central European Basin (CEB). The pre-Schilfsandstein transgression flooded the CEB trough gates to the Southeast and resulted in a wide-spread inland sea that was characterised by increased biological productivity, predominantly oxic conditions and enabled the immigration of euryhaline marine fauna with plankton, ostracodes, fishes, bivalves and the gastropods Omphaloptychia suebica n. sp. and Settsassia stuttgartica n. sp. The rather short-term intra- and post-Schilfsandstein transgressions flooded the CEB from the Southwest and Southeast and established a shallow brackish inland sea that stretched up to North Germany. Both, the 4th and 3rd order sequences derived from the succession in the CEB correlate well with those derived from successions of Tethyan shelfs. Therefore pronounced circum-Tethyan eustatic cycles are evidenced and may have had considerable impact on prominent middle Carnian events: Reingraben turnover, Carnian Pluvial Event, Carnian Crisis and Mid Carnian Wet Intermezzo. The broad circum-Tethyan evidence of 106-year scale cycles suggests glacioeustatic sea-level changes even in the Triassic Greenhouse period.
•Stuttgart Fm (type example of CPE) controlled by transgressions from Tethyan waters.•Wide-spread inland seas covered CEB and enabled immigration of Tethyan fauna.•Framework of 4th and 3rd order sequences in the CEB with late Julian 3rd order MFS.•Sequence-stratigraphic correlations confirm circum-Tethyan eustatic cycles.•Circum-Tethyan 4th sequences suggest glacioeustatic sea-level changes.
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