O IRONMAN® é uma das provas de triathlon mais conhecidas no mundo, caracterizada por ser uma competição desafiadora a qual testa os limites físicos e psicológicos dos seus participantes. No Brasil, a ...prova é organizada na cidade de Florianópolis desde o ano de 2001. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise descritiva dos resultados obtidos no IRONMAN® Brasil entre os anos de 2001 até 2019, e foram realizadas as análises da diferença entre o desempenho no sexo feminino e masculino. Para tal, foi extraído média e desvio padrão (DP) dos 10 primeiros tempos da classificação geral de cada ano. A média dos tempos totais mostrou que a segunda década de evento foi melhor em comparação a primeira, indicando assim uma tendência de melhores resultados futuros. Esta melhora dos resultados gerais, principalmente na segunda década, e principalmente nos últimos 5 anos, podem advir de fatores como avanços tecnológicos, melhores estratégias de treino e aumento do nível competitivo da competição.
BackgroundThe prevalence of both anaemia and iron deficiency increases with age and may be higher still in patients with heart failure. Age might impair the erythropoietic response to iron. We ...analysed data from a randomised trial (IRONMAN) to determine whether the effects of intravenous (IV) iron, delivered as ferric derisomaltose (FDI), in patients with heart failure and iron deficiency were modified by age.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%, and either a TSAT <20% or serum ferritin <100 µg/L were included. Haemoglobin for women had to be in the range of 9-13 g/dL and for men 9-14g/dL. Patients were randomised to receive IV ferric derisomaltose (FDI) or not. Neither the patient nor investigator was blinded. The main endpoints of interest were changes in haemoglobin at 4 months and 12 months and the primary endpoint of the trial (the rate of the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalisations or cardiovascular death expressed as events per 100 patient-years, blindly adjudicated). Analyses were conducted by intention to treat, stratified by quartile of age. A further analysis was conducted for patients with a TSAT <20%.ResultsOf 1,137 patients randomised, the median IQR age was 73 67 to 79 years. Patients in the oldest quartile were more likely to be men, were in a worse NYHA class, had a lower eGFR and haemoglobin and higher NT-proBNP, but LVEF, TSAT (16 11 to 21 %) and ferritin were similar to other quartiles. Increases in haemoglobin with FDI compared to control in the oldest quartile at 4 months (+0.7 +0.4 to +1.0 g/dL) and 12 months (+0.9 +0.5 to +1.3 g/dL) were similar to that in other quartiles. The hazard ratio for the primary endpoint in the oldest quartile was 0.66 (0.45 to 0.96), which was not significantly different from that for other age quartiles. The results were similar when restricted to patients with a TSAT <20%.ConclusionsThe increase in haemoglobin with IV FDI and its effect on the primary endpoint rate were not diminished by age.Abstract 134 Table 1BaselineQ1 age < 67 yearsQ2 age ≥67 to 73 yearsQ3 age >73 to 79 yearsQ4 age ≥79 years N= 285284283285Age (years)60 (55, 64)71 (69, 72)76 (75, 78)83 (81, 94)Women (%)85 (30)84 (30)62 (22)69 (24)NYHA II (%)178 (62)164 (58)162 (57)144 (51)NT-proBNP ng/L1203 (607, 3023)1414 (820, 2823)1686 (964, 3602)2745 (1570, 4822)TSAT (%)15 (10, 19)15 (11, 20)16 (11, 19)16 (11, 21)Ferritin ng/mL54 (28, 90)48 (28, 82)48 (31, 85)49 (30, 84)LVEF (%)30 (25, 35)35 (27, 38)35 (28, 38)34 (25, 39)eGFR mL/min/BSA64 (48, 86)54 (39, 71)47 (37, 63)44 (34, 55)Hb g/dL12.3 (11.1, 12.9)12.1 (11.3, 12.9)12.1 (11.2, 12.8)11.8 (11.1, 12.7)Follow-upUCFDIDiff*/RR**UCFDIDiff*/RR**UCFDIDiff*/RR**UCFDIDiff*/RR**Delta Hb Month 40.1 (1.1)0.8 (1.5)0.7*(0.4, 1.1)0.4 (1.2)0.7 (1.4)0.3*(-0.0, 0.6)0.2(1.3)1.0(1.3)0.8*(0.5, 1.1)0.0(1.2)0.7(1.2)0.7*(0.4, 1.0)Delta Hb Month 120.5 (1.6)1.2 (1.3)0.7*(0.3, 1.2)0.4 (1.6)0.7 (1.6)0.3*(-0.2, 0.8)0.3(1.6)0.9(1.5)0.6*(0.2, 1.1)-0.3(1.2)0.6(1.3)0.9*(0.5, 1.3)Primary Endpoint (per 100 patient years) 113 (28)91 (23)0.81**(0.50,1.33)94 (25)78 (21)0.86**(0.55,1.33)99 (25)88 (26)1.05**0.71,1.56)105 (33)79 (21)0.66**(0.45,0.96)Conflict of InterestNil
The results form in Hawaii Ironman Janusz Mikołajczyk; Monika Prątnicka; Krzysztof Byzdra ...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals),
08/2017, Letnik:
7, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The study made it possible to assess the progress of the results, which the best players obtained at the turn of the years 1978-2014. The difference between the time of the first launch in 1978 and ...the best obtained in 2011 is 03:43:02. It should be mentioned that in 1981 there has been a change in routes of Kailua-Kona and to this day, the games are exactly on the same route. The difference between the time of the 1981 and the difference between the best is 01:35:41. The research show that the biggest impact on the final result is time on the cycling route, this is due to the rapid development of the bicycle equipment, which allowed players to improve the time of 06:58:00 from 1978 to 04:18:23-2006 r.
The results form in the Hawaii Ironman Janusz Mikołajczyk; Monika Prątnicka; Krzysztof Byzdra ...
Journal of education, health and sport,
08/2017, Letnik:
7, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The study made it possible to assess the progress of the results, which the best players obtained at the turn of the years 1978-2014. The difference between the time of the first launch in 1978 and ...the best obtained in 2011 is 03:43:02. It should be mentioned that in 1981 there has been a change in routes of Kailua-Kona and to this day, the games are exactly on the same route. The difference between the time of the 1981 and the difference between the best is 01:35:41. The research show that the biggest impact on the final result is time on the cycling route, this is due to the rapid development of the bicycle equipment, which allowed players to improve the time of 06:58:00 from 1978 to 04:18:23-2006 r.
To examine the injury and illness characteristics, treatments, and outcomes at elite ultra-endurance triathlon events.
We quantified participant demographics, injury types, treatments, and ...disposition for medical encounters at 27 Ironman-distance triathlon championships from 1989-2019. We then calculated the likelihood of concurrent medical complaints in each encounter.
We analyzed 10,533 medical encounters among 49,530 race participants for a cumulative incidence of 221.9/1000 (95% Confidence Interval 217.7-226.2) participants. Younger (<35 years; 259.3/1000, 95% CI 251.6-267.2) and older athletes (70+ years; 254.0/1000, 95% CI 217.8-294.4) presented to the medical tent at higher rates than middle-aged adults (36-69 years; 180.1/1000, 95% CI 175.4-185.0). Female athletes also presented at higher rates when compared to males (243.9/1000, 95% CI 234.9-253.2 vs. 198.0/1000, 95% CI 193.4-202.6). The most common complaints were dehydration (438.7/1000, 95% CI 426.2-451.6) and nausea (400.4/1000, 95% CI 388.4-412.6). Intravenous fluid was the most common treatment (483/1000; 95% CI 469.8-496.4). Of the athletes who received medical care, 116.7/1000 (95% CI 110.1-123.4) did not finish the race, and 17.1/1000 (95% CI 14.7-19.8) required hospital transport. Athletes rarely presented with an isolated medical condition unless their injury was dermatologic or musculoskeletal in nature.
Ultra-endurance triathlon events have high rates of medical encounters among female athletes, as well as both younger and older age categories. Gastrointestinal and exertional-related symptoms are among the most common complaints. IV infusions were the most common treatment after basic medical care. Most athletes entering the medical tent finished the race and a small percentage were dispatched to the hospital. A more thorough understanding of common medical occurrences, including concurrent presentations and treatments, will allow for improved care and optimal race management.
The Ironman Triathlon is a globally recognized event; however, there is a lack of research concerning its influence on crime in host cities. This study examines the extent to which the Ironman ...Triathlon, as a multi-day and mobile event, influences crime across and within the host city. Using city-wide and census tract-level crime data surrounding the May and September 2019 Ironman Competitions held in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analyses explore the potential temporary effects of the event. Results indicate city wide changes in crime, as well as tract-specific effects, but most achieved only marginal statistical significance, and all were limited to the May event.
Aims
For patients with heart failure (HF) and iron deficiency (ID), randomized trials suggest that intravenous (IV) iron reduces hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF), but uncertainty exists about ...the effects in subgroups and the impact on mortality. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized trials investigating the effect of IV iron on clinical outcomes in patients with HF.
Methods and results
We identified randomized trials published between 1 January 2000 and 5 November 2022 investigating the effect of IV iron versus standard care/placebo in patients with HF and ID in any clinical setting, regardless of HF phenotype. Trials of oral iron or not in English were not included. The main outcomes of interest were a composite of HHF and cardiovascular death (CVD), on HHF alone and on cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality. Ten trials were identified with 3373 participants, of whom 1759 were assigned to IV iron. IV iron reduced the composite of recurrent HHF and CVD (rate ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval CI 0.61–0.93; p < 0.01) and first HHF or CVD (odds ratio OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.99; p = 0.04). Effects on cardiovascular (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70–1.05; p = 0.14) and all‐cause mortality (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.12; p = 0.47) were inconclusive. Results were similar in analyses confined to the first year of follow‐up, which was less disrupted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Subgroup analyses found little evidence of heterogeneity for the effect on the primary endpoint, although patients with transferrin saturation <20% (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.92) may have benefited more than those with values ≥20% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.74–1.30) (heterogeneity p = 0.07).
Conclusion
In patients with HF and ID, this meta‐analysis suggests that IV iron reduces the risk of HHF but whether this is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular or all‐cause mortality remains inconclusive.
In a meta‐analysis of ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including AFFIRM‐AHF and IRONMAN of over 3000 patients with heart failure (HF) and iron deficiency (ID), compared to standard care/placebo, intravenous (IV) iron reduced the primary outcome of recurrent hospitalisations for heart failure (HHF) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) by 25%. The effect was mainly driven by a reduction in HHF with the effect on CVM being inconconclusive. Created in BioRender.com. Additional icons provided from
http://icon‐library.com/icon/heart‐disease‐icon‐3.html.html Heart Disease Icon #293840. CI, confidence interval; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; HF, heart failure; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; I, iron deficiency; IV, intravenous/interval variable; OR, odds ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, risk rate; SE, standard error; SoC, standard of care.
•The previous experience in triathlon races may positively impact amateur triathlete performance.•Increasing the training hours for the amateur triathlete may not positively impact performance.•The ...presence of symptoms linked to overtraining may negatively impact triathlon performance.
To investigate the association between training volume, sleep time, signs and symptoms of excessive training (overtraining), and previous triathlon experience with overall and split race times in the Ironman distance triathlon.
Ninety-nine triathletes (19 women and 80 men) answered an online survey containing questions about anthropometric characteristics (body mass and height), weekly training volume (hours per day and days per week), previous experience in Ironman distance triathlon race, and signs and symptoms of excessive training. Data of race times of all participants were collected by a single race (the Ironman Brazil 2019 – Florianópolis). All surveys were collected between 28 and 30 days before the race. The athlete was instructed to answer the questions according to what was happening in the week before completing the survey.
: Total race time did not differ among those who trained up to 14 h per week (11:28:46±01:54:30 h:min:sec), between 15 and 20 h per week (11:37:31±01:20:26 h:min:sec) or more than 20 h per week (11:30:18±01:31:28 h:min:sec) (p = 0.922). Total race time of the triathletes who presented (12:42:22±01:49:36 h:min:sec) or no (11:23:06±01:29:02 h:min:sec) unintentional body mass loss (p = 0.006), feeling (12:46:17±02:03:13 h:min:sec) or no (11:24:09±01:28:07 h:min:sec) of decreased performance (p = 0.009) or feeling (12:08:58±01:47:12 h:min:sec) or no (11:16:34±01:24:53 h:min:sec) loss of energy (p = 0.011) in the week prior to the race were significantly different. Triathletes who had a previous experience in Ironman races achieved a better performance (11:15:21±01:32:04 h:min:sec) than those without previous experience (12:06:38±01:32:10 h:min:sec) (p = 0.010).
In summary, high volumes of training (more than 20 h per week), when performed forty days before a race, may not have a positive impact on performance compared to lower volumes of training (up to 14 h per week). However, athletes who had a previous experience in Ironman race presented better results in swimming splits and overall race time. Moreover, the presence of overtraining symptoms, such as unintentional loss of weight, sensation of fatigue and/or performance decrease impact negatively triathlon performance.
Two implicit generalizations are often made from group-level studies in cognitive experimental psychology and their common statistical analysis in the general linear model: (1) Group-level phenomena ...are assumed to be present in every participant with variations between participants being often treated as random error in data analyses; (2) phenomena are assumed to be stable over time. In this preregistered study, we investigated the validity of these generalizations in the commonly used parity judgment task. In the proposed Ironman paradigm, the intraindividual presence and stability of three popular numerical cognition effects were tested in 10 participants on 30 days: the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes, i.e., faster left−/right-sided responses to small/large magnitude numbers, respectively; Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993), MARC (Linguistic Markedness of Response Codes; i.e., faster left−/right-sided responses to odd/even numbers, respectively; Nuerk, Iversen, & Willmes, 2004), and Odd (i.e., faster responses to even numbers; Hines, 1990) effects. We replicated the group-level effects; however, they were reliably present in only four to five (SNARC), six (MARC) or five (Odd) of 10 participants. Fluctuations seemed unsystematic, although the SNARC effect decreased over time along with reaction times. No correlation between the SNARC and MARC effects and sleep duration, tiredness, daytime, and consumption of stimulants were detected in most participants. These results challenge the frequent generalizations from group-level phenomena to individual participants and from single sessions to typical behavior. The innovative Ironman paradigm combined with bootstrap analyses permits unique insights into the intraindividual presence and stability of cognitive phenomena.
The Age-Related Performance Decline in Ironman 70.3 Jäckel, Kristian; Sousa, Caio Victor; Villiger, Elias ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
03/2020, Letnik:
17, Številka:
6
Journal Article
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Although the age-related decline in sport events has been well studied, little is known on such a decline in recreational triathletes for the Half Ironman distance. Indeed, the few existing studies ...concentrated on specific aspects such as top events, elite groups, some consecutive years, single locations, or age categories instead of analyzing all the data available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine recreational triathletes' performance in three split disciplines (swimming, cycling, and running) as well as in overall race time by analyzing all data of Half Ironman finishers found on ironman.com (i.e., 690 races; years 2004 through 2018; 206,524 women (24.6%) and 633,576 men (75.4%), in total 840,100 athletes). The age-dependent decline in Half Ironman started earliest in swimming (from the very first age group on) with a smallest age group delta between 35-49 years in men and 40-54 years in women. The performance decline started at 26 and 28 years in men and women for running; at 34 years for men and 35 years for women in cycling; and at 32 years for men and 31 years for women with regard to overall race time. The results may be used by coaches and recreational athletes alike to plan a triathlon career.
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