Article is a reflection upon f. Hugolin Sattner’s cantata “Ode to Soča”, which was created in the time of First World War and great battles of Isonzo. It outlines composer’s ideological, political ...and aesthetic outlook as a basis for his creativity thus applying methods of history of mentalities.
The centenary of World War I has been marked by a broad range of commemorative practices across Europe. This has also been the case in Bohinj, a region located in the Julian Alps in the northeastern ...corner of present-day Slovenia. This article is an examination of the diverse practices of commemoration and heritagization of World War I in Bohinj against the backdrop of contemporary global developments that frame the centenary: the rise of war tourism and the globalization of heritage as an evermore important element of identity construction as well as the political economy of tourism. To what extent do these contemporary trends inform the specific nature of current commemoration and heritagization practices? Their study – together with an analysis of the actors that produce, enact, resist or promote them – aids in identifying and analyzing the diverse social processes that shape Bohinj’s present landscape of war heritage.
Under the perspective of fluvial risk analysis in urban and rural areas, three large catchments of the Western Europe (Loire, Rhône, Isonzo/Frioul-Italy) have been studied to demonstrate the ...relevance of combining the three hydrogeomorphological approaches (hydrography, hydrology, hydraulics). This combination allows better characterisation of both Holocene hydroclimatic variability and flooding hazard. The hydroclimatic hazard has been quantified in the three studied catchments, highlighting several phases of flood-dominated regime (FDR) since the end of Late Glacial. Impacts of FDRs were aggravated at sometimes by human actions over the last 5000 years. Combining hydrogeomorphological data with land use data allows an analysis of fluvial risk in each catchment studied. In a general way, fluvial risk has been significantly analysed since the construction of anthroposystems (e.g., since the Roman time). The fluvial risk evolved differently in cities (Tours, Vienna, Lyons, Aquileia) and rural zones (Varennes de Tours, Rhône Delta).
The article examines the Slovene-Italian border space in terms of the historical-spatial identity that was ascribed to it by the collective imagination of World War I and the Isonzo front. Its ...meaning was created by the collective memories of the national communities that were involved in the battles on the Isonzo front. The paper addresses the question of the memorial culturalisation of this space in light of New Historicism and the theory of semiotics, i.e. as interaction of spatial-rhetorical signs and verbal-linguistic semiotisation of these signs which was produced by literature, diaries and reports on the Isonzo front. The paper presents referential sites of memory (Redipuglia, San Michele, Doberdob, Oslavia) in view of the following texts: Doberdob, a novel written by Slovene literary author Prežihov Voranc, Austrian soldier Hans Pölzer‘s memories, Slovene catholic priest Alojzij Novak’s diary, Austrian reporter Alice Schalek‘s report from the battlefield, and (as an aspect of an external observer) Ernest Hemingway novel A Farewell to Arms. These texts represent collective identities which endow this border space with the identitiy of the Isonzo front and give it additional meaning: a) historical: in the course of history meaning was produced in terms of national collective identities which refer also to this space; and b) in the contemporary trans-national collective memory meaning is produced through the humanist lens of the catastrophic character of WW I. Both of these aspects of collective memories are created in an interaction with the space of the Isonzo front and its verbal-textual semiotisations, whereby sites of memory of WW I create one of the central rhetorics of this space.
Ernest Hemingway was known for writing with the “Iceberg Theory” in mind. Thus, there are deeper meanings and contexts moving beneath the surface of his works. His war novel A Farewell to Arms takes ...place along the Soča/Isonzo Front both before and after the Battle of Kobarid/Caporetto and in this setting, consistent with his “Iceberg Theory,” Hemingway has placed both characters and settings that deserve a reconsideration below the surface. While the Italians in the novel are on the surface of the story and thus more easily recognizable, it is the Slovenes and Friuli who run under the surface and carry a deeper meaning. Slovenes and Friuli are not named directly, but as Hemingway was historically accurate in the novel, both ethnic groups are placed along the Front and collectively they represent the “other” in Hemingway’s novels, both unseen and integral to the storyline.
Drilling predation is one of the most studied biotic interactions in the fossil record and potentially controls biodiversity, but its history may be confounded by natural patchiness across ...environments. This aspect has been inconsistently evaluated. The current study contributes to our understanding of drilling predation in the Northern Adriatic, which has been previously classified as a low-predation setting, and examines the roles of environment, patchiness, and ecology of prey organisms in modern seas. Nearly 49,000 molluscs from two intertidal and six sublittoral bulk samples along a transect in the Gulf of Trieste were analysed for drill frequency (DF) and prey effectiveness (PE), a measure of prey's ability to resist predatory attacks.
DF across all samples was 20.6%, but varied between the intertidal (1.4%) and sublittoral (27.4%). Among the latter, DF differed between the delta foreset beds (18.1%) and level bottom muds and sands (∼
28% each). PE was low in the intertidal (1.1%) and sublittoral (4.5%). Overall DF and PE among the three mud samples varied by nearly 10%, while that within the two sand samples varied little; however, significantly different DFs were observed only among the families Nuculidae, Galeommatidae and Corbulidae in level bottom mud and Cerithiidae in level bottom sand samples. Only Corbulidae displayed significant variation in PE among level bottom mud samples (16.5–43.7%). PE varied significantly between level bottom sand samples only within the families Cerithiidae and Trochidae.
Suspension-feeding bivalves and gastropods had the highest DFs (24.3% and 39.1%, respectively), and the value of epifaunal bivalves (32.0%) was nearly twice as high as that of infaunal bivalves (17.9%). DFs of cementing (43.0%) and byssate (27.0%) bivalves were higher than that of recliners (9.9%). Considering their cryptic life habits, parasitic gastropods (20.3%) and commensal bivalves (40.6%) had exceptionally high DF. For each ecological category, PE was highest on suspension-feeding (11.1%), infaunal (15.8%) and cementing (10.5%) bivalves, and on parasitic gastropods (11.9%).
DF did not correlate with diversity indices or predator abundance in the sublittoral; therefore, drilling predation probably does not control diversity on the local scale here. DFs support paleoecological theory relating predation to changes in ecological guilds through the Phanerozoic. DFs were highest on suspension feeders, parasites and sessile prey, and were lowest on predators, recliners, and endobenthic molluscs. While cementation likely reduces bivalve susceptibility to durophages, it apparently does not to impede drilling predators. Finally, DF did not vary across size classes in any species examined except
Venerupis rhomboides, where the smallest fraction was drilled more often. Additionally, as the proportion of large individuals in our samples was small, disparities in DF across size classes probably did not influence our results. With respect to predation intensity the relatively high DF in the sublittoral, as well as high DF and PE for various taxa and guilds, places the Northern Adriatic Sea among typical Cenozoic shelf environments.
The paper analyses war memorials and commemorative practices in Venezia Giulia from 1918 to 1922. In this regard Venezia Giulia offers an especially relevant case study, as, due to heavy fighting ...along the Isonzo front, various local settlements and territorial features became present in the Italian national consciousness. They thus became typical Italian sites of memory, a process which was stimulated by national commemorative policy. Furthermore, presence of the Slovene population in the region contributed to the fact, that monuments to fallen soldier did not represent only sites of memory and mourning for the Italian nation, but also sites of national demarcation. They served as a physical reminder of Italian claims over these lands, for which so much “Italian blood” had been spilled. Lastly, they also represented sites of mourning, where the suffering caused by the war was at least implicitly expressed.
The dynamic of biogeochemical properties in a coastal area of the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) is analyzed through (1) identification of a small number of water typology classes and ...classification of samples, obtained by means of a novel multivariate classification procedure based on a combination of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and “traditional” clusterization algorithms, (2) interpretation of each class based on biogeochemical properties and ecological phenomena likely to occur in the water body, and (3) discussion of time evolution and spatial distribution of water classes which summarized and provided indications on the system's space and time evolution. Basing itself on a multivariate comparison, the Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) grouped 1292 samples collected in a 3‐year‐long monitoring program in 187 sets and identified a representative synthetic sample for each group. These groups were further classified in seven clusters, which identified the water typology. The complexity of the space and time coevolution of 12 variables was so reduced to variation of one categorical variable. Results included an objectively derived typology of water masses and their typical temporal succession, a spatial dividing based on biogeochemical processes, a conceptual scheme of biogeochemistry in the Gulf. Results clearly indicated the importance of river input in triggering plankton blooms and pointed out that trophodynamics followed current paradigms of marine ecosystem functioning, with shifts from conditions dominated by classical food chain to situations in which most of the energy flowed through the autotrophic and heterotrophic parts of the microbial food web.
Modern collection of war-related artifacts and military objects in the Upper Soča Valley started in the 1980s and increased after Slovenia gained independence in 1991. Today, eighteen private ...collections are open to the public in the Gorizia region (Koren 2015: 205), but it is estimated that there are fifty to one hundred more (Kofol 2015: 276) that have not been inventoried by any publicly funded institutions. This article1 evaluates the phenomenon and growth of collecting artifacts from the Isonzo Front. The heritagization of the front’s material culture and its adaption to tourism started in 1990, but it greatly developed in the following decades. The global marking of the First World War centenary (2014–2018) gave this development further impetus. Within these processes, amateur collectors are increasingly perceived with ambiguity. On the one hand, “good” collectors are presented in the front’s heritage landscape as its founding fathers, but on the other “bad” collectors are presented as problematic in relation to the region’s archaeological heritage.
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