The present knowledge of the carbonate system in the northern Adriatic is described in this short overview. Its buffer capacity is rather high, due to riverine input of carbonates dissolved from ...Alpine and Karstic watersheds, and the waters should have a higher resilience to acidification. In the shallow eutrophic areas, the combined effect of rising atmospheric CO2, warming and river-induced anthropogenic CO2 with the associated decrease in buffer capacity could act to acidification process. Significant effect on calcifying organisms is expected in the future.
Cilj ovog rada je pokazati mogućnosti primijene metodologije umjetne inteligencije i strukturnog kauzalnog modeliranja (engl. Structural Causal Model, SCM) s ciljem postizanja znanstvenog doprinosa ...utvrđivanjem kauzalne funkcionalne zakonitosti bioloških značajki o abiotičkim parametrima. Temeljna zadaća rada je istražiti model SCM za određivanje zavisnosti koncentracije klorofila o fizikalnim značajkama u području sjevernog Jadrana tijekom razdoblja od 1965. do 2015. godine. Eksperimentalni podatci rezultat su dugotrajnog i ekstenzivnog istraživanja u okviru EU projekta “LTER Northern Adriatic Sea” i dostupni su (putem EU znanstvene politike “Open Science”) u velikoj bazi podataka (engl. Big Data), koja sadrži 10 8687 uzoraka s 43 značajke. Predložen je matematički model Bayesove mreže (engl. Bayes Network, BN) kao usmjereni neciklički graf (engl. Directed Acyclic Graph, DAG). Struktura grafa određena je primjenom testa uvjetne nezavisnosti (Hamilton-Schmidtova Conditional Indepedence test, HSCI) s razinom signifikantnosti α = 0,05. SCM model pokazuje da su neposredni kauzalni utjecaji na koncentraciju klorofila: temperatura, salinitet, pH, dušik, fosfor i silicij. Primijenjena je metodologija d-razdvajanja BN grafa sa svrhom blokiranja interferencije (engl. confounding) za procjenu kauzalne funkcionalne zavisnosti bioloških značajki o abiotičkim parametrima. Funkcije kauzalnosti određene su kao rubne razdiobe (engl. marginal distributions) modeliranjem Bayesovom neuronskom mrežom (engl. Bayes Neural Network, BNN). Najveći neposredni negativni kauzalni učinak na klorofil A (Chlorophyll A) ima temperatura (−0,07 μg klorofila A/°C). Utvrđena je pozitivna kauzalna zavisnost između klorofila-A i otopljenog kisika (0,2 mg otopljenog kisika DO2/μg klorofila A). Također je provedena neparametarska usporedna analiza klorofila A i fizikalnih parametara hrvatskog dijela i podataka za cjelokupni sjeverni Jadran. Medijan koncentracije otopljenog kisika u hrvatskom dijelu Jadrana je 5,8 mg O2/l a u sjevernom je 5,5 mg O2/l, dok je medijan temperature u hrvatskom dijelu T = 14,6 °C u odnosu na T = 15,1 °C za sjeverni Jadran. Medijan broja stanica bičaša (Dinoflagellate) je u hrvatskom dijelu Jadrana 3 stanice/l, u odnosu na cijeli sjeverni Jadran, gdje je on od 5 stanica/l. Značajna je razlika u učestalosti i iznosu visokog broja bičaša. Medijani koncentracija klorofila A ne pokazuju značajnu razliku (0,65 i 0,90 μg l−1), ali u sjevernom Jadranu je znatno veći broj uzoraka koji po iznosu signifikantno odstupaju od normalne razdiobe (engl. outliers or hotspots). Utvrđena je i značajna razlika u razdiobi koncentracije silicija s velikim brojem uzoraka s visokim koncentracijama u zapadnom dijelu Jadrana. Primijenjeni su modeli “šume” stabala odlučivanja (engl. random forest) predikcije bioloških značajki na osnovi abiotičkih veličina. Validacije modela provedene su određivanjem relativne postotne pogreške predikcije primjenom simulacije “novih” podataka peterostrukom podjelom baze podataka. Postignute su sljedeće pogreške modela predikcije: za klorofil (engl. chlorophyll) 6,5 %; feopigment (Pheeopigment) 17,4 %; diatomeje (Diatom) 18,8 %; dinoflagelat (Dinoflagellate) 17,4 %; i kokolitifore (Coccolithoophores) 12,1 %. Za svaki od modela utvrđeni su ključni abiotički faktori za procjenu predikcija.
Predstavljena je vsebina knjige v tisku pri založbi AGU-Wiley z naslovom »Obalni ekosistemi na prehodu: Primerjalna analiza severnega Jadrana in Zaliva Chesapeake« urednikov T. Maloneja, A. Malej in ...J. Faganelija. Knjiga prinaša primerjavo ekosistemov severnega Jadrana in Zaliva Chesapeake (vzhodna obala ZDA) in širi znanje o antropogenih vplivih na obalne ekosisteme, kjer je koncentrirano tako prebivalstvo kot izkoriščanje naravnih virov. Ponovni pregled obeh ekosistemov je omogočil, da smo ocenili spremembe v zadnjih 20 letih, še posebej lokalne vplive v okviru globalnih podnebnih sprememb ter uspešnost posegov za upravljanje in zmanjšanje antropogenih vplivov na obalne ekosisteme.
Kvarner v času železne dobe severnega Jadrana V starejši železni dobi severnega Jadrana je poleg Istre imel posebno mesto tudi Kvarner. Njegovo vlogo in pomen v komunikacijah in kroženju blaga v ...tistem času nakazujejo starejše in novejše raziskave. čeprav so se v zadnjih dveh desetletjih izvajale predvsem zaščitne arheološke raziskave, je bilo poleg posameznih najdb zbrano veliko novega gradiva, nekaj tudi povsem nepričakovanega. V članku je predstavljen kratek pregled raziskovalcev in stanja raziskav, opisane so reprezentativne ostaline materialne kulture ter pomembnejše najno- vejše najdbe, ki omogočajo obravnavo kvarnerske skupnosti v novi luči, zlasti v konkretnejši povezavi s sosednjimi, a tudi oddaljenimi kulturnimi skupnostmi od Alp do Jadrana in od Apeninov do Balkana.
U radu
su prikazani hodočasnici iz Španjolske, odnosno njezinih nekadašnjih
kraljevstava Kastilje, Aragonije, Navare, te Portugala koji su prošli hrvatskim
krajevima i gradovima na Jadranu tijekom ...plovidbe u Svetu zemlju. Kratko su
prikazana politička i vjerska zbivanja na tom prostoru te stavljena u
korelaciju s istovjetnim fenomenom u ostatku Europe. Opisani su njihovi motivi
za odlazak, staleška pripadnost te doživljaji tijekom putovanja. Osim
geografskih i političkih specifičnosti, koje su najviše utjecale na njihovu
brojnost, primjetna je niska zastupljenost građanstva. Relativno dobru
zastupljenost pisanih svjedočanstava ne prati razmjeran broj kontakata s
osobama iz hrvatskih krajeva, a od toga odstupaju pripadnici franjevačkoga reda
glede pojedinih zaslužnih članova zajednice u Jeruzalemu. Ukupan dojam govori
da su španjolski i portugalski hodočasnički zapisi u usporedbi s djelima drugih
hodočasnika kasnoga srednjeg vijeka i ranoga novog doba najviše usmjereni na
Jeruzalem i ostala sveta mjesta, pa su tranzitni krajevi ostali zakinuti u
tekstovima.
Pilgrims from the Iberian Peninsula, from the kingdoms
of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal, were an indispensable part of
European pilgrimages from Venice to Palestine from the very beginning of
travels to the Holy Land (a total of 85 persons have been recorded from the
lands of the Spanish Crown and 68 of those have been identified; 60 of them
came from Portugal, 32 of them known by name). This is evidenced by Venetian
state and chronicler records, but above all by the relatively numerous
travelogues (6 Spanish and 3 Portuguese authors have been analyzed). Motivated
by deep and sincere religious feelings, of which one finds confirmation in
their writings as well as in general biographies, they set out from all parts
of their countries on this expensive, tiresome, and too often perilous sea
voyage. Very similar to the German or French pilgrims, they came from all walks
of life, but persons from ecclesiastical circles prevailed from the mid-16th
century. Somewhat surprising is the large number of women, which generally
differs from the situation in other ethnic groups. Due to their choice of
Venice as the port of departure, they had to sail along the Croatian Adriatic
coast. Some, however, used new geographical discoveries and came to Jerusalem
from the east, visiting the Adriatic cities only on their return. Depending on
the type of vessel (galley or one of the proper sailing ships –
koka
,
nava
, or
galijun
) and the
official or business tasks of the ship owner, they docked in various ports from
Poreč to Dubrovnik. And while members of the nobility recorded secular curiosities,
with a noticeable liking for “miracles”, the clergy placed considerable
emphasis on the religious situation. In this respect, what united them was their
surprise at the encounter with Glagolitic liturgy (the question is what
impressed them more – the Mass in Zadar or the singing in Jerusalem). St Jerome
was recognized as a strong link between his native Dalmatia and the distant
Iberian lands. The political reality was quite astutely perceived and the
pilgrims knew about all various changes – the attitude of Dubrovnik towards the
Holy Roman Empire, the Venetian territories from Istria to Boka, and the
intolerance between Venice and the Dubrovnik Republic – but the political
Croatia escaped their observations. The rise of the Ottoman Empire as a deadly threat to
the Christian world, which they were also aware of in their own homeland, became
evident to them in the Adriatic. There are two realistic accounts, albeit
contradictory, of Dubrovnik’s military prowess and its reliance on the power of
Spain. As for the other cities, Pula seems to have been especially interesting
to them due to its monumental ancient monuments (the amphitheatre and the theatre),
where the pilgrims recalled various characters from stories and books whose
themes were pan-European and present also with the Germans, the French, and
others. But they also experienced the dark images of decay in the city. Contacts
with the Croatian folk and individuals were not numerous, but the travellers
remained impressed by the exceptional hospitality of the poor inhabitants of
Ilovik, as well as the knowledge and skills of Croatian sailors, among whom
Petar Fazanić from Hvar excelled. One should also mention an impressive account
of the activities of Fr Boniface of Lopud, a multiple custodian of Jerusalem,
for which his Franciscan brethren were credited, an opinion that our pilgrims
shared with those from other countries. As is only to be expected, Spanish and
Portuguese travelogue writers also left numerous notes on the weather
conditions in the Adriatic. This paper ends with the outbreak of the Candian
War (1645), which roughly coincides with the end of the Thirty Years’ War
(1648). These two armed conflicts marked the final demise of the Venetian
Republic and pushed Spain and Portugal in the background, while at the same
time pilgrimages became more of a private matter and travelling to the Levant
(and incidentally to Palestine) was completely secularized, acquiring adventurous
or scientific features.
Članak prati mobilnost i umreženost mletačkih kneževa u istočnojadranskim gradovima u razvijenom
srednjem vijeku, a ponajviše od kraja 13. stoljeća do Zadarskoga mira, da bi
naglasio važnost tih ...dužnosnika na središnjoj, ali i na razini lokalnih
zajednica. Izabrani primjeri prate cirkuliranje kneževa u većem broju istočnojadranskih gradova te moguće razloge i
duljinu njihova službovanja u pojedinom gradu. Mobilnost kneževa prati se
kronološki, prema razdobljima mletačkih duždeva, koji su često i sami (ili
pripadnici njihovih obitelji) bili upravitelji gradova Istre, Kvarnera i
Dalmacije. Rad naglašava „nadlokalni”
značaj kneževske službe u kontekstu komparativnoga istraživanja urbane
povijesti istočnoga Jadrana.
This paper explores the mobility and networking of
Venetian Counts in Eastern Adriatic cities during the High Middle Ages,
especially from the late 13th century to the Peace of Zadar.
Individual persons, their service in specific cities, their families and other
connections are followed chronologically in order to emphasize the importance
of the Count’s office with regard to the political centre as well as the local
communities. The paper emphasizes the “supra-local” significance of the Count’s office in the context
of comparative research on the urban history of the Eastern Adriatic.
In Slovenia, rainfall-induced landslides lead to considerable damages, even causing human losses. In order to reduce the impact of this kind of landslide, several researchers analyzed ...rainfall-induced landslides in this country, but to date, no rainfall thresholds have been developed for a landslide warning system at national scale. In this paper, the definition of rainfall thresholds for rainfall-induced landslides in Slovenia is presented. The thresholds have been calculated by collecting approximately 900 landslide data and the relative rainfall amounts, which have been collected from 41 rain gauges. To define the thresholds, an existing procedure characterized by a high degree of objectiveness has been used. This approach is based on a software that was developed for a test site with very different characteristics (Tuscany, central Italy). At first, a single national threshold has been defined; subsequently, the country was divided into four zones, on the basis of the major river basins. The effectiveness of the thresholds has been verified by the use of several statistical parameters and it resulted in quite good performances, even if with some uncertainties, probably due to the quality of the available data. Besides the setting of a threshold system, usable for civil protection purposes at national scale, an additional outcome of this work was the possibility of applying, with good results, a methodology defined for another region, therefore testing its degree of exportability in different settings.
Na temelju arhivskog istraživanja, onodobnog tiska i literature, u radu se prvi puta prikazuju uvjeti, razlozi i dinamika putovanja turista iz Poljske na hrvatski Jadran između dva svjetska rata. ...Istraživanje se sagledava kroz djelovanje pojedinaca i međudržavne suradnje između Poljske i tadašnje Jugoslavije te pojedinih društava i putničkih agencija. Zaključuje se da su turisti iz Poljske između dva svjetska rata na različite načine pridonijeli unaprjeđenju turizma na hrvatskom Jadranu.
Jadran Mimica presents the 'life-world' of Yagwoia people of Papua New Guinea as a unique variant of the Jungian Ouroboric archetype, a primal pattern or symbol derived from the ancient Greek 'tail ...devourer' (the serpent that eats its own tail), found in many cultures and individual unconscious phantasies. Treated in terms of 'ouroboric dialectics', relations between Yagwoia father and son are hostile, even patricidal, because the son's very existence derives from the father's 'continuous and irreversible' transfer to him of his limited supply of vital substance or 'paternal bone'. Sons replace fathers in ways that fathers may experience as 'violent loss of... generative bodily core', a process that Mimica asserts 'can only be adequately understood through individual-biographical life-situations and trajectories'. In bypassing anthropology's classical terrain, or treating Yagwoia life-ways as contingent upon the 'ouroboric cosmic Self--a 'wholly pre-genital gestalt of self-generation'--Mimica distorts the role of collective rites of passage and affinal exchange to counter, inhibit, and redirect the primary narcissism intrinsic to human beings. In a small scale society like the Yagwoia, whose survival and well-being depend upon the integration of nearly all its members, the main 'work of culture' is to recruit socially adept adults from each new crop of infants by helping them to overcome - not to repeat or magnify--existential problems of growing up that afflict everyone but that no one can resolve, or even fully understand, on their own. The 'ouroboric (selfcopulating (A)eating) phallus' is one image or 'mythologeme' of infantile narcissism. Based upon my own fieldwork among Gimi-speakers in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, I suggest that such myths serve as templates for rites of exchange intended to thwart the calamity myths envisage - not to facilitate or intensify it.
Autor obrađuje deset natpisa iz Salone koji su pripadali aktivnim i isluženim vojnicima ravenatske i mizenatske carske ratne mornarice. Diploma mornaričkog centuriona datira u 71. godinu, nadgrobni ...natpis jednog mornara u drugu polovicu 1. stoljeća, ulomak natpisa između 1. i 3. stoljeća, a ostalih sedam nadgrobnih natpisa pripada kasnom principatu. Natpisi se sagledavaju u kontekstu važnosti luke u Saloni i jačanja njezine vojne posade u kasnom principatu.
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