Judges have basic collective rights, i.e., they, being represented by duly authorized professional organizations, have the right to participate in social partnership processes, including the right to ...initiate a collective labor dispute for their interests and the right to strike. In order to fully realize these rights, judges must ensure adequate representation of their interests, so they are offered the ability to adjust the statutes of already operating professional organizations of judges or to establish a trade union of judges. The specifics of the social partnership in which judges participate are determined by the specifics of their legal status. When judges’ representatives combine their work, social and economic interests to the extent that they are related to the need for additional budget allocations, the employer is represented in the broadest sense by the Government of the Republic of Lithuania or an institution authorized by it. The interests of judges, which are not related to the need for additional budget allocations, can be combined (i) by the participation of judges in the General Meeting of Judges, and in the meeting of judges of the specific court where the judge performs their duties, and (ii) by the duly authorized professional organizations of judges negotiating with the Council of Judges in the areas where the latter fulfils the duties of the employer’s representative. The competence of the Council of Judges includes, among other things, the representation of judges’ work, social and economic interests; therefore, in order to achieve the most favorable result for judges in this area, effective cooperation between the Council of Judges and professional organizations representing judges should be aimed for in this area.
The Poetic Justice Reveley, W. Taylor; Thomas, John Charles
10/2022
eBook
This inspiring memoir begins in 1983, on the day John Charles
Thomas was sworn in as the first Black-and, at thirty-two years of
age, the youngest-justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the
...commonwealth's history. This high point was preceded, however, by a
life that began in a home broken by poverty, alcoholism, and
violence, and the segregated schools and neighborhoods of postwar
Norfolk. How this triumph against such tremendous odds came about
is no feel-good story or fable but a real-life journey full of
poignant stories.
This eloquent memoir is the work of a man who cares deeply about
language. In addition to being a social justice pioneer, Judge
Thomas is an accomplished poet who has recited his poetry to a
Carnegie Hall audience and who here reflects on his twin loves of
poetry and the law. As he chronicles his trajectory from the "wrong
side of the tracks" in Norfolk to the supreme court bench in
Richmond, he takes us from his difficult beginnings to a
professional life as a Virginia lawyer, recounts his international
travels, and shares his encounters with world leaders such as Chuck
Robb and Mikhail Gorbachev. Thomas's memoir highlights these lofty
meetings but also relates with candor the challenges he encountered
as he battled the systemic racism that suffuses U.S. society to
this day.
Over 130,000 juveniles are detained in the United States each year with 70,000 in detention on any given day, yet little is known about whether such a penalty deters future crime or interrupts social ...and human capital formation in a way that increases the likelihood of later criminal behavior. This article uses the incarceration tendency of randomly assigned judges as an instrumental variable to estimate causal effects of juvenile incarceration on high school completion and adult recidivism. Estimates based on over 35,000 juvenile offenders over a 10-year period from a large urban county in the United States suggest that juvenile incarceration results in substantially lower high school completion rates and higher adult incarceration rates, including for violent crimes. In an attempt to understand the large effects, we found that incarceration for this population could be very disruptive, greatly reducing the likelihood of ever returning to school and, for those who do return, significantly increasing the likelihood of being classified as having an emotional or behavioral disorder.
Justices on the Ballot addresses two central questions in the study of judicial elections: how have state supreme court elections changed since World War II? And, what effects have those changes had ...on election outcomes, state supreme court decisions, and the public's view of the courts? To answer these questions, Herbert M. Kritzer takes the broadest scope of any study to date, investigating every state supreme court election between 1946 and 2013. Through an analysis of voting returns, campaign contributions and expenditures, television advertising, and illustrative case studies, he shows that elections have become less politicized than commonly believed. Rather, the changes that have occurred reflect broader trends in American politics, as well as increased involvement of state supreme courts in hot-button issues.
Pays tribute to the life and career of the former judge of the New Zealand Supreme Court. Source: National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa, licensed by the Department of Internal ...Affairs for re-use under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Salinas Ender, Elma Teresa (1953–) García, Sonia
Latinos in the American Political System : An Encyclopedia of Latinos as Voters, Candidates, and Office Holders: N-Z,
2019
Reference
Religion and Latina/o Politics Huckle, Kiku
Latinos in the American Political System : An Encyclopedia of Latinos as Voters, Candidates, and Office Holders: N-Z,
2019
Reference
Being Brown: Sonia Sotomayor and the Latino Question tells the story ofthe country's first Latina Supreme Court Associate Justice'srise to the pinnacle of American public life at a moment of profound ...demographic and political transformation. While Sotomayor's confirmation appeared to signal the greater acceptance and inclusion of Latinos—the nation's largest "minority majority"—the uncritical embrace of her status as a "possibility model" and icon paradoxically erased the fact that her success was due to civil rights policies and safeguards that no longer existed. Being Brown analyzes Sotomayor's story of success and accomplishment, despite seemingly insurmountable odds, in order to ask: What do we lose in democratic practice when we allow symbolic inclusion to supplant the work of meaningful political enfranchisement? In a historical moment of resurgent racism, unrelenting Latino bashing, and previously unimaginable "blood and soil" Nazism, Being Brown explains what we stand to lose when we allow democratic values to be trampled for the sake of political expediency, and demonstrates how understanding "the Latino question" can fortify democratic practice. Being Brown provides the historical vocabulary for understanding why the Latino body politic is central to the country's future and why Sonia Sotomayor's biography provides an important window into understanding America, and the country's largest minority majority, at this historical juncture. In the process, Being Brown counters "alternative facts" with historical precision and ethical clarity to invigorate the best of democratic practice at ahistorical moment when we need it most.
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