Cet article vise à présenter les résultats d’une recherche qualitative conduite auprès de 10 jeunes placés sous la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents (LSJPA) au Québec. ...L’approche de la justice interactionnelle a permis d’explorer comment ces jeunes perçoivent leurs interactions avec les juges durant les audiences ainsi que les implications de ces interactions dans leur engagement dans leur propre processus de rétablissement. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’importance de la préparation de ces jeunes à l’audience, de la conciliation du juge dans le processus décisionnel ainsi que de la création d’un espace d’échanges avec ces jeunes comme levier de leur participation. La création d’une alliance relationnelle avec ces jeunes favorise une continuité et une stabilité de jugement, conditions essentielles pour instaurer une relation de confiance avec ces jeunes et leur permettre de s’engager dans leur propre processus de (ré)intégration sociocommunautaire. Enfin, cette recherche invite à poursuivre les réflexions autour de la perception du sentiment de justice des jeunes en contexte judiciaire et à étayer davantage les recherches conduites à ce sujet dans le champ de justice juvénile.
•The first paper to present empirical data regarding mens rea ascriptions of professional judges.•Intentionality ascriptions of professional judges manifest the Knobe effect.•Intentionality ...ascriptions of judges are also sensitive to severity of outcome.
A coherent practice of mens rea (‘guilty mind’) ascription in criminal law presupposes a concept of mens rea which is insensitive to the moral valence of an action’s outcome. For instance, an assessment of whether an agent harmed another person intentionally should be unaffected by the severity of harm done. Ascriptions of intentionality made by laypeople, however, are subject to a strong outcome bias. As demonstrated by the Knobe effect, a knowingly incurred negative side effect is standardly judged intentional, whereas a positive side effect is not. We report the first empirical investigation into intentionality ascriptions made by professional judges, which finds (i) that professionals are sensitive to the moral valence of outcome type, and (ii) that the worse the outcome, the higher the propensity to ascribe intentionality. The data shows the intentionality ascriptions of professional judges to be inconsistent with the concept of mens rea supposedly at the foundation of criminal law.
October of 2020 was just another month of rising concerns over the ever worsening Covid-19 statistics in Poland. Otherwise the times were unremarkable: Poland's ruling powers ploughed on with ...demolishing the rule of law and persecuting courageous judges; they reshuffled their cabinet to appoint an openly homophobic minister; and continued to inundate Polish citizens with propaganda spewing from government-controlled television channels. But on 22 October 2020, something happened that made political observers, civic activists, and the people on the streets in Poland rub their eyes in disbelief. The Constitutional Tribunal (hereafter: the Tribunal), firmly controlled by the Law and Justice party and chaired by Mrs Julia Przylebska, who was unlawfully appointed to the position of the President of the Tribunal (though properly elected, earlier, as a judge of the Tribunal), as part of a panel partly comprised of persons not legally appointed judges of the Tribunal, announced that provisions of the law allowing pregnancies to be terminated when there is a high probability of a severe or irreversible foetal impairment or when the foetus is diagnosed with an incurable and life-threatening disease - are unconstitutional. Hours later, the streets of cities and towns, large and small, all over Poland, teemed with tens of thousands and later hundreds of thousands of protesters loudly proclaiming their opposition - frequently using expletives so far unheard of in public spaces - to this assault on fundamental human rights paraded as a legitimate judicial act as part of the Tribunal's constitutional review of legislation.3 The protest, initially aimed at the Tribunal's pronouncement, quickly turned into a global protest against the Law and Justice party's rule over Poland in general, at first triggering incredulity in government circles and then prompting a series of nervous reactions from them.
We argue that Alasdair MacIntyre's description of Justice Sandra Day O'Connor as an exemplar of practical reasoning, who envisions the contextual and consensual balancing of different goods according ...to the further good of the American social order, enables a reinterpretation of O'Connor's majority opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger, the landmark affirmative action decision. Grutter has been criticised for arbitrarily claiming that diversity is a compelling governmental interest, giving excessive deference to university admissions offices, and including a sunset provision. These criticisms, we argue, are weakened if the decision and the meaning of ‘diversity’ are reinterpreted through a neo‐Aristotelian lens. Further, looking at Grutter, we defend O'Connor from MacIntyre's criticism that she cannot radically critique the American social order.
This research was conducted with the aim of exploring the rights and obligations of grantors in revoking a grant, the legal impact on grant recipients who experience grant revocation, and analyzing ...the compatibility of Decision No. 33/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Pms of the Pematangsiantar District Court with the prevailing laws and regulations. This research used a normative legal approach and was descriptive in nature. The data collection methods used were library research and document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative analysis methods. The results of the research indicate that grantors have several rights based on Article 1669, Article 1671, and Article 1672 of the Civil Code and Article 212 of the Islamic Inheritance Law (KHI). Grantors also have the right to revoke their grant if the grant recipient fails to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the grant deed or other conditions specified in Article 1688 of the Civil Code. The legal impact on grant recipients who experience grant revocation is the return of the granted object to its original state before the agreement was made, as regulated by Article 1691 of the Civil Code. However, according to Article 212 of the KHI, a grant cannot be revoked, except in the case of a grant from a parent to their child, and this must be supported by a legally binding court decision. Based on the analysis of Decision No. 33/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Pms of the Pematangsiantar District Court, it can be concluded that the decision is in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations.
Courts resolve individual disputes and create principles of law to justify their decisions and guide the resolution of future cases. Those tasks present informational challenges that affect the whole ...judicial process. Judges must simultaneously learn about (1) the particular facts and legal implications of any dispute; (2) discover the doctrine that appropriately resolves the dispute; and (3) attempt to articulate those rules in the context of a single case so that future courts may reason from past cases. We propose a model of judicial learning and decision making in which there is a complicated relationship between facts and legal outcomes. The model has implications for many of the important questions in the judicial process, including the dynamics of common law development, the path-dependent nature of the law, and optimal case selection by supervisory courts.
Two studies were conducted to analyze how hope, resilience, optimism, and efficacy individually and as a composite higher‐order factor predicted work performance and satisfaction. Results from Study ...1 provided psychometric support for a new survey measure designed to assess each of these 4 facets, as well as a composite factor. Study 2 results indicated a significant positive relationship regarding the composite of these 4 facets with performance and satisfaction. Results from Study 2 also indicated that the composite factor may be a better predictor of performance and satisfaction than the 4 individual facets. Limitations and practical implications conclude the article.
Michel Bastarache Bastarache, Michel; Trépanier, Antoine
12/2019
eBook
In this intimate volume, Michel Bastarache reveals details of his youth in Acadia and his multiple professional roles before becoming the first Acadian justice to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada. ...In a letter addressed to his two children who died from an incurable disease, Me. Bastarache recounts his constant fight for equality between francophone and anglophone communities. He reminisces on his commitment among groups protecting francophones outside Québec, then on his careers as teacher, civil servant, lawyer, and juge. In this story he takes the reader backstage to his most important causes and he reveals some of the secrets of the highest court in Canada. Me. Bastarache weighs in on the controversy surrounding the Inquiry Commission on the process for appointing judges of the Court of Québec, as well as his mediator work for reconciliation and compensation of alleged victims of sexual abuse by ex-priests in New Brunswick.
This book is published in French.
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Dans une lettre qu'il adresse à ses deux enfants, morts d'une maladie incurable, Michel Bastarache se rappelle son enfance en Acadie puis sa carrière, jusqu'à devenir le premier juge acadien à siéger à la Cour suprême du Canada. M
Bastarache raconte sa constante lutte pour l'égalité des communautés francophone et anglophone. Il revient sur son engagement au sein des groupes de défense des francophones hors Québec, puis sur sa carrière de professeur, de fonctionnaire, d'avocat et de juge. Dans ce récit, il amène le lecteur dans les coulisses de ses plus importantes causes et révèle certains secrets du plus haut tribunal canadien. M
Bastarache réagit également à la polémique entourant la Commission d'enquête sur le processus de nomination des juges du Québec et sur son travail à titre de médiateur dans le processus de réconciliation et de compensation pour les victimes alléguées d'agressions sexuelles par d'anciens prêtres au Nouveau-Brunswick.
Ce livre est publié en français.
Dans une lettre qu'il adresse à ses deux enfants, morts d'une maladie incurable, Michel Bastarache se rappelle son enfance en Acadie puis sa carrière, jusqu'à devenir le premier juge acadien à siéger à la Cour suprême du Canada. M
Bastarache raconte sa constante lutte pour l'égalité des communautés francophone et anglophone. Il revient sur son engagement au sein des groupes de défense des francophones hors Québec, puis sur sa carrière de professeur, de fonctionnaire, d'avocat et de juge. Dans ce récit, il amène le lecteur dans les coulisses de ses plus importantes causes et révèle certains secrets du plus haut tribunal canadien. M
Bastarache réagit également à la polémique entourant la Commission d'enquête sur le processus de nomination des juges du Québec et sur son travail à titre de médiateur dans le processus de réconciliation et de compensation pour les victimes alléguées d'agressions sexuelles par d'anciens prêtres au Nouveau-Brunswick.
Ce livre est publié en français.
-
In this intimate volume, Michel Bastarache reveals details of his youth in Acadia and his multiple professional roles before becoming the first Acadian justice to sit on the Supreme Court of Canada. In a letter addressed to his two children who died from an incurable disease, Me. Bastarache recounts his constant fight for equality between francophone and anglophone communities. He reminisces on his commitment among groups protecting francophones outside Québec, then on his careers as teacher, civil servant, lawyer, and juge. In this story he takes the reader backstage to his most important causes and he reveals some of the secrets of the highest court in Canada. Me. Bastarache weighs in on the controversy surrounding the Inquiry Commission on the process for appointing judges of the Court of Québec, as well as his mediator work for reconciliation and compensation of alleged victims of sexual abuse by ex-priests in New Brunswick.
This book is published in French.
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