Introduction. 15 to 25% of women smoke during pregnancy. Scientific evidence suggests that exposure to smoking causes decreased birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation ...between smoking during pregnancy, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, and low birth weight. Methods. Data were derived from 1572 questionnaires administered to each woman that gave birth at the Gynecology Teaching Hospital “S. Anna” in Turin (Italy) during the period from 2008 to 2010. Multiple logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and birth weight; the stepwise approach with a “backward elimination” procedure was followed, and the goodness of fit of the model was estimated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. The univariate analysis revealed that smoking cigarettes (17%), having a lower educational level (13%), and female sex of the infant (13%) seem to be risk factors, as they increase the risk of having a low birth weight child. Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age and maternal smoking are the statistically associated variables. Conclusions. The results confirmed that birth weight increases proportionally with the length of the gestational age and that maternal smoking and the child’s sex (female) increase the risk of having a lower birth weight. Logistic regression demonstrated that the association between maternal smoking and low birth weight shows an increased risk for the whole population (OR=2.85), for male (OR=3.45) and for female newborns (OR=2.44)
Uvod. Med nosečnostjo kadi 15 % do 25 % žensk. Znanstveni dokazi kažejo, da izpostavljenost kajenju povzroča nižjo porodno težo. Cilj te študije je oceniti povezavo med kajenjem med nosečnostjo, socialnodemografskimi značilnostmi matere in nizko porodno težo. Metode. Podatki so bili pridobljeni iz 1572 vprašalnikov, ki so jih izpolnile vse ženske, ki so v obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2010 rodile v učni bolnišnici za ginekologijo »S. Anna« v Torinu (Italija). Za oceno povezave med socialno-demografskimi značilnostmi in porodno težo je bila uporabljena multipla logistična analiza; sledil je postopni pristop z »vzvratnim izločanjem« in ocena ustreznosti modela s pomočjo Hosmer- Lemeshowega testa. Rezultati. Univariatna analiza je razkrila, da kajenje cigaret (17 %), nižja stopnja izobrazbe (13 %) in ženski spol dojenčka (13 %) predstavljajo dejavnik tveganja, saj povečujejo tveganje, da bo imel otrok nizko porodno težo. Analiza z logistično regresijo je pokazala, da sta gestacijska starost in kajenje matere statistično povezani spremenljivki. Zaključki. Rezultati potrjujejo, da se porodna teža povečuje sorazmerno z gestacijsko starostjo ter da kajenje matere in spol otroka (ženski) povečujeta tveganje za nižjo porodno težo ob rojstvu. Logistična regresija dokazuje, da povezava med kajenjem matere in nizko porodno težo pomeni povečano tveganje za celotno populacijo (RO = 2,85), tako za novorojenčke moškega (RO = 3,45) kot tudi ženskega spola (RO = 2,44)
Članek predstavlja rezultate raziskave, ki je bila opravljena v okviru Lokalne akcijske skupine (LAS) za preprečevanje uporabe drog v Občini Kamnik. Raziskava zajema 1049 osnovnošolcev od 5. do 8. ...razreda. Rezultati kažejo, da ima izkušnje s kajenjem več fantov kot deklet. Izkušnje s kajenjem ima 48,0 % 15-letnikov. Skoraj dve tretjini učencev navaja kot vzrok za začetek kajenja radovednost. Večina staršev kajenja svojih otrok ne dopušča. Učenci so s škodljivimi učinki kajenja v glavnem seznanjeni. Več kot tretjina jih meni, da se v šoli o kajenju govori premalo. Glede porabe prostega časa raziskava kaže, da učenci dajejo velik pomen druženju s prijatelji (v večjem odstotku dekleta), drugo mesto pa zavzema šport (v večjem odstotku fantje). Po Rosenbergovi lestvici samospoštovanja imajo 15-letni fantje bolj pozitivna občutja do samih sebe kot 15-letna dekleta. Znotraj celotne skupine je posebej obdelana skupina 60 fantov in 41 deklet, ki so v življenju kadili 5x in več. Rezultati kažejo, da v tej skupini kadi večji odstotek očetov in mater in da so starši manj prisotni. Več se gibljejo v družbi kadilcev, večji poudarek dajejo pasivnim oblikam preživljanja prostega časa, manjšega športu in zelo malo hodijo v naravo. Glede samospoštovanja se skoraj pri vseh postavkah kažejo razlike v smeri manj pozitivnih občutij do samih sebe.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Extended description:- Information:- Captions regarding smoking, TBC patients, smokers, an X-Ray of lungs, animation of functioning ...lungs. A hospital building. Bojan Fartič talking about the harmful effects of smoking and smoking related diseases. Young people, both boys and girls smoking. Sickbeds in the hospital, industrial chimneys, smoke billowing out from them. Office work, smokers, people dancing in a smoky club. A female smoker inhaling cigarette smoke. Smokers.- Original language summary:
Telopi o kajenju , tuberkulozni bolniki, kadilci, rentgenska slika pljuč, animacija delovanja. Bolnišnica, o škodljivosti kajenja in boleznih, ki so posledice kajenja govori Bojan Fortič, mladi kadijo, tudi dekleta, bolniške postelje bolnici, dimniške tovarne, dim, delo v pisarni, kadilci, ples v zakajenem lokalu, kadilka inhalira, kadilci.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Reducing Adolescent Risk: Toward an Integrated Approach focuses on common influences that result in a number of interrelated risk behaviors in order to design more unified, comprehensive prevention ...strategies. Edited by Daniel Romer, this book summarizes presentations and discussions held at the Adolescent Risk Communication Institute of the University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center. Concentrating on common causes for varied risk behaviors, a group of leading researchers and intervention specialists from different health traditions synthesize current knowledge about risks to adolescent health in several areas, including drugs and alcohol, tobacco, unprotected sex, suicide and depression, and gambling. Primarily intended for graduate students, scholars, and researchers in psychology, sociology, social work, and public health, Reducing Adolescent Risk is also an extraordinary resource for policy makers in government organizations and foundations.
El presente escrito presenta un Matyä’äky (palabra entretejida, charla, diálogo, plática), a manera de relato reflexivo personal para la concreción de Wejën Kajën (Vargas-Vásquez et al.: 2008) en el ...campo educativo, que es un término de dominio público dentro del pueblo Ayuujk en sus diversas variantes dialectales. Ja matyä’äky se realiza desde la variante Xaamkëxp; que es parte inherente de mi ser, con el que nombro y co-habito el mundo universo, del pueblo Ayuujk de Oaxaca, México. Se describen las colaboraciones, encuentros y desencuentros que en el transcurso del tiempo se han encontrado para acompañar dicha concreción.
This paper presents a Matyä’äky (interwoven word, talk, dialog), as a personal reflective account for the concretion of Wejën Kajën (Vargas-Vásquez et al.: 2008) in the educational field, which is a term of public domain within the Ayuujk people in its various dialectal variants. Ja matyä’äky is made from the Xaamkëxp variant; which is an inherent part of my being, with which I name and co-inhabit the universe, of the Ayujk people from Oaxaca, Mexico. It describes the collaborations, meetings and encounters that have been found over time to accompany this concreteness.
Tomando en cuenta las reflexiones del pueblo Ayuujk de Santa María Tlahuitoltepec Mixe Oaxaca (Vargas, et al., 2008; Manzo, 2009; La Pierre, 2009a, 2009b), se presenta una aproximación ...teórica-metodológica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Matemática en el nivel medio superior y superior denominado wejën kajën que es resultado de las aplicaciones de las reflexiones de Tlahuitoltepec en el estudio de conceptos matemáticos (Regino, et al., 2010; Vargas, 2011). Esta aproximación emerge de la necesidad de dar atención adecuada a los alumnos de la cultura Ayuujk que asisten a las aulas de las instituciones educativas en la comunidad de Tlahuitoltepec y, creemos, posee el potencial suficiente para dar luz sobre la manera en que debe ofrecerse la educación a los alumnos provenientes de los pueblos originarios de nuestro país.
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