The article discusses, from the content/motif aspect, 30 folk legends about the disappeared lakes in Tolmin region, Slovenia. The material covers different archival manuscripts and publications, ...mainly from Janez Dolenc’s student archive. In all the legends under study the location of the lake is specified. In addition to this, most of them feature at least one of the following motifs: emergence of settlements, existence of rings used for fastening water vehicles, water traffic, an explanation of who or what caused the disappearance of the lake and how and where it happened.
Na podlagi obsežnega grobišča iz železne dobe Kobarid prištevamo med pomembnejša slovenska prazgodovinska najdišča in tu domnevamo eno izmed središč starejšeželeznodobne posoške oz. ...svetolucijske skupine. Grobišče, ki se je širilo na terasah na desnem bregu Soče ob vznožju Gradiča, je bilo odkrito že v začetku osemdesetih let 19. stoletja. Med letoma 1886 in 1904 je arheološka izkopavanja na najdišču vodil Carlo Marchesetti, tedanji direktor tržaškega naravoslovnega muzeja, pozneje so tu raziskovali še arheologi Narodnega muzeja, Goriškega muzeja in Tolminskega muzeja. Do danes je bilo raziskanih več kot 1400 grobov, vendar so ti večinoma še neobjavljeni. V članku predstavljamo preliminarno izsledke arheoloških izkopavanj, ki jih je leta 1979 na območju grobišča izvedla ekipa Goriškega muzeja. Med izkopavanji, ki so potekala v zahtevnih razmerah, sočasno z gradbenimi deli in večji del v za delo neprimernih vremenskih okoliščinah, je bilo odkritih 278 grobov, ki sodijo v čas od konca 9. do 5. st. pr. n. št. Predstavljeni so značilnosti pokopavanja ter značilni grobni pridatki po kronoloških stopnjah.
La battaglia di Caporetto (24 ottobre - 9 novembre 1917) ha rappresentato un trauma nella storia italiana del Novecento. Ancor oggi, nel linguaggio comune, la parola Caporetto è sinonimo di disastro. ...In quella battaglia i soldati della 2a Armata vengono respinti dagli austriaci e dai tedeschi al di qua dell'Isonzo e del Tagliamento fino al Piave, mentre i Comandi militari li accusano di diserzione e tradimento. Cento anni dopo, questo volume affronta, in un'ottica pluridisciplinare e interdisciplinare, e alla luce della nozione di “trauma”, gli aspetti storici, politici e militari della disfatta. Esso fa largo spazio anche alle testimonianze dei soldati-scrittori la cui esperienza di quei giorni acquista senso se inserita in una dimensione collettiva e storica.
Le stratificazioni temporali – relative tanto alla lettura storiografica, militare e politica quanto agli scritti memoriali e letterari – costituiscono un fattore importante per la riappropriazione di un evento che tocca la storia e l'identità italiane. Nel processo di rievocazione del trauma, la rappresentazione dello choc subìto tiene conto sia dell'immediatezza del vissuto che della simbolizzazione retrospettiva. Questo volume intende allora studiare i meccanismi attraverso i quali il ricordo del trauma di Caporetto prende forma nel linguaggio auto-biografico o finzionale inteso anche come espressione terapeutica e luogo della resilienza. Testo dell'editore
The town of Kobarid is located in one of three areas with the highest seismic hazard in Slovenia. It was hit by several 1976–1977 Friuli sequence earthquakes and recently by the 1998 and 2004 Krn ...Mountains earthquakes which caused damage of intensity up to VII EMS-98 scale. The town is located in a small basin filled with heterogeneous glaciofluvial Quaternary sediments in which site effects due to soft sediments are expected. The existing microzonation which is based on surface geological data only is inadequate, and no borehole or geophysical data are available in the basin that would allow a modelling approach of site effects assessment. The microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method was therefore applied in order to assess the fundamental frequency of the sediments. Investigations were performed on a 100×100 m dense grid and 106 free-field measurements acquired. Clear HVSR peaks were obtained in the majority of the surveyed area. The eastern part of the basin is characterized by two well separated peaks which indicate distinct shallow and deep impedance contrasts. The iso-frequency map of sediments shows a distribution in a broad range of 1.8–22.2 Hz. The observed frequencies can be related to the total thickness of Quaternary sediments (sand, gravel) in the western part of the basin only. They are deposited over bedrock built of Cretaceous flysch. In the eastern part the obtained fundamental frequencies are influenced by the presence of a shallow conglomerate layer inside sandy gravel or lacustrine chalk. The extent of these layers was not known before. Microtremor measurements were also performed inside 19 characteristic buildings of various heights (from two to four stories), and longitudinal and transverse fundamental frequencies determined from amplitude spectra. A potential of soil-structure resonance was assessed by comparing building frequencies with the free-field sediments frequencies derived from the iso-frequency map. For two surveyed buildings a high danger of soil-structure resonance was assessed and for three buildings the danger was of medium level. The building resonant frequency of two- and three-story houses, which prevail in the area, spans the range 4–11 Hz, with an average value of 7.7 Hz. The danger of soil-structure resonance should be therefore sought in this frequency range. Since the majority of Kobarid area is characterized by lower (W part) or higher (E part) frequencies, the danger exist mainly in a relatively narrow transition zone.
Energy tourism, which is quite recent despite the fact that the practice of tourists visiting power plants, very often for educational purposes, has a long tradition in Slovenia due to power plants ...on the Drava River. Particularly, the oldest Fala power plant is an area where the technical field of electric power production and transmission overlaps with tourism. The article that employs the methods of participant observation, interviews with some stakeholders and content analysis focuses on some possibilities of including electric power production and transmission infrastructure into various tourist and educational programmes, including through storytelling, which is a useful tool also when it comes to presenting sustainable and socially responsible project design, considering the needs of all stakeholders involved in the process and, consequently, raising awareness and responsibility towards the environment. Based on a case study of the Kobarid substation, which is a modern sustainably designed power facility built in a Natura 2000 protected area, this article focuses on the possibilities of creating new energy tourism products by employing storytelling, new media and new technologies.
Exploring the content and motifs of thirty folktales about intermittent lakes in the region of Tolmin, the material is based on various archival and published sources, largely from the personal ...archives accumulated by Janez Dolenc during his study years. All of the narratives include a specific reference to the location of each lake. In addition, most of them usually contain at least one of the following motifs: the origin of settlements; the existence of mooring rings; sailing; an explanation of who, or what, has caused the lake to vanish, and how this has occurred; and the definition of the locality where the lake has disappeared.
Ernest Hemingway was known for writing with the “Iceberg Theory” in mind. Thus, there are deeper meanings and contexts moving beneath the surface of his works. His war novel A Farewell to Arms takes ...place along the Soča/Isonzo Front both before and after the Battle of Kobarid/Caporetto and in this setting, consistent with his “Iceberg Theory,” Hemingway has placed both characters and settings that deserve a reconsideration below the surface. While the Italians in the novel are on the surface of the story and thus more easily recognizable, it is the Slovenes and Friuli who run under the surface and carry a deeper meaning. Slovenes and Friuli are not named directly, but as Hemingway was historically accurate in the novel, both ethnic groups are placed along the Front and collectively they represent the “other” in Hemingway’s novels, both unseen and integral to the storyline.
Michael Reynolds's Hemingway's First War remains essential reading for students of A Farewell to Arms. However, Reynolds errs in two significant ways: miscalculating the timeline of the Caporetto ...retreat and falsely claiming a fine-scale geographic accuracy for the novel that does not exist. Because Reynolds misses one full day of Frederic's retreat activities, his timeline is twenty-four hours askew, and he also fails to recognize how Hemingway deliberately fictionalized the topography around Udine in order to include key events that reinforce the novel's theme of the randomness and irrationality of modern warfare. Correcting these interpretive errors is essential to a full appreciation of Hemingway's intentions and artistry.
•We investigate the source parameters scaling of the Kobarid (2004) seismic sequence.•The logarithm of seismic moment increases linearly (with slope 1) with local magnitude.•Radiated energy and Brune ...radius increase with seismic moment.•Both apparent stress and Brune stress drop increase with seismic moment.•The observed non-self-similarity confirms the results of other studies in the area.
Source parameters of the mainshock (ML=5.3) and of 165 aftershocks (0.8<ML<3.5) of the 2004 Kobarid (Western Slovenia) seismic sequence are investigated in order to determine the corresponding source scaling relations. Data recorded from July to December 2004 by the Friuli and Veneto seismic network (FV), managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS) and installed in Northeastern Italy, are employed to obtain the SH-wave amplitude Fourier spectra of the selected earthquakes. For source spectra computation, we consider only records with significant values of the signal-to-noise ratio and, to account for local amplifications, we compute standard H/V spectral ratios (HVSR) for all the stations of the network. After correction for attenuation effects, source spectra obtained at stations with negligible site effects show a good fit with a ω-square model. We adopt different approaches to compute the source parameters and final results are chosen based on the obtained misfits between observed and theoretical source spectra. For 21 earthquakes of the sequence the obtained results are confirmed by the Empirical Green Function (EGF) technique, applied by estimating the spectral ratios of couples of events with hypocentral distance differences smaller than 500m and magnitude differences greater than 1. The mainshock of the sequence is characterized by a seismic moment of 3.5×1016Nm and a corner frequency of 0.8Hz, corresponding, in the Brune’s model (1970), to a fault radius of 1465m and a stress drop of 4.9MPa. Aftershocks have seismic moments in the range 3.3×1011, 1.8×1014Nm, corner frequencies between 1.9 and 12.4Hz (Brune radii between 95 and 638m) and stress drops in the range 0.03, 1.55MPa. The observed scaling of seismic moment (M0) with the local magnitude (ML) is consistent with the trend: LogM0=1.06ML+10.56. The Brune radius (rB) increases with the seismic moment according to: LogrB=0.22LogM0−0.40. Moreover, in spite of the high dispersion that characterizes the estimates of the Brune stress drop (ΔσB), we observe also an increase of ΔσB with M0. The mainshock is characterized by 2.4×1012J radiated energy (ES) and 1.9MPa apparent stress (σa). Aftershocks have energies between 2.0×105 and 7.4×108J and apparent stress values increasing with the seismic moment in the range 0.01, 0.48MPa. Radiated energies increase with seismic moments according to the empirical relationship: LogES=1.53LogM0−12.47. The scaling of both ΔσB and σa with M0 in the range of magnitude between 0.8 and 5.3, evidences the non-self-similarity characteristics of the 2004 Kobarid seismic sequence. Similar results have been obtained by previous studies concerning the source parameter scaling of the background seismicity and of other seismic sequences of the area.
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