AcademyHealth established a Workforce Initiative Task Force in 2016 to conduct an assessment of the state of the health services research workforce and develop recommendations for its future in the ...context of the changing health care and research ecosystems. This assessment included four components: a series of commissioned papers, an online priority setting process, a multistakeholder summit, and final analysis by the AcademyHealth Education Council. This paper presents this process and the resultant list of prioritized recommendations and planned next steps.
By clarifying officially published statistics on labor market and employment and combining them with micro survey data, this paper tries to depict the employment growth and structural changes in ...rural and urban China and to break the myths believed by domestic and international scholars such as “zero growth of employment” and “unchangeable rural surplus labor pool”. The paper provides exact statistics about China’s labor market that previous studies fail to do, explaining how labor market develops, employment in both rural and urban areas increases and its structure diversifies, urban unemployment alleviates and number of rural surplus laborers reduces, as a result of economic growth, reform and opening-up. By examining demographic transition process in China, the paper also predicts the emerging trend of labor shortage, suggests a coming Lewisian turning point and reveals its policy implications to China’s sustainable growth.
In the life cycle model of consumption and saving, homeownership is an important vehicle for horizontal redistribution. Households accumulate wealth in owner-occupied housing during working lives ...before benefiting from imputed rent streams in retirement. But in some countries housing wealth’s welfare role has broadened as owners increasingly use flexible mortgages to smooth consumption during working lives. One consequence is higher outstanding mortgages later in life, a burden exacerbated by high real house prices that compel home buyers to demand mortgages that are a growing multiple of their incomes. We investigate whether these developments are prompting longer working lives, an idea that is especially relevant in countries offering relatively low government pensions. Australia is one such country. We use the 2001–2017 panels of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey to estimate hazard models of exits from the Australian labour force as workers approach pensionable age. We find that those with high outstanding mortgage debts are more likely to postpone retirement, as are those with relatively low amounts of private pension wealth. These results are stronger in urban housing markets, and especially among males.
Care or cash? Black, Sandra E; Devereux, Paul J; Løken, Katrine V ...
The review of economics and statistics,
12/2014, Letnik:
96, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Given the wide use of child care subsidies across countries, it is surprising how little we know about the effect of these subsidies on children's longer-run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in ...the price of child care in Norway, we are able to isolate the effects of child care subsidies on both parental and student outcomes. We find very small and statistically insignificant effects of child care subsidies on child care utilization and parental labor force participation. Despite this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school, suggesting that the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic aptitude.
We explore time trends in the labor force participation of veterans and non-veterans and investigate whether they are consistent with a rising role for the Department of Veterans Affairs' Disability ...Compensation (DC) program, which pays benefits to veterans with service-connected disabilities and has grown rapidly since 2000. Using 35 years of March CPS data, we find that veterans' labor force participation declined over time in a way that coincides closely with DC growth and that veterans have become more sensitive to economic shocks. Our findings suggest that DC program growth has contributed to recent declines in veterans' labor force participation.
Concerns over the supply of skills in the U.S. labor force, especially education-related skills, have exploded in recent years with a series of reports not only from employer-associated organizations ...but also from independent and even government sources making similar claims. These complaints about skills are driving much of the debate around labor force and education policy, yet they have not been examined carefully. In this article, the author assesses the range of these charges as well as other evidence about skills in the labor force. Very little evidence is consistent with the complaints about a skills shortage, and a wide range of evidence suggests the complaints are not warranted. Indeed, a reasonable conclusion is that overeducation remains the persistent and even growing condition of the U.S. labor force with respect to skills. The author considers three possible explanations for the employer complaints and the associated policy implications.
Objective
To estimate how labor force participation is affected when adult children provide informal care to their parents.
Data Source
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe from 2004 to ...2013.
Study Design
To offset the problem of endogeneity, we exploit the availability of other potential caregivers within the family as predictors of the probability to provide care for a dependent parent. Contrary to most previous studies, the dataset covers the whole working‐age population in the majority of European countries. Individuals explicitly had to opt for or against the provision of care to their care‐dependent parents, which allows us to more precisely estimate the effect of caregiving on labor force participation.
Principal Findings
Results reveal a negative causal effect that indicates that informal care provision reduces labor force participation by 14.0 percentage points (95 percent CI: −0.307, 0.026). Point estimates suggest that the effect is larger for men; however, this gender difference is not significantly different from zero at conventional levels.
Conclusions
Results apply to individuals whose consideration in long‐term care policy is highly relevant, that is, children whose willingness to provide informal care to their parents is altered by available alternatives of family caregivers.
This study examined the dynamic causal relationship between population health, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and labour force participation. The study employed the block exogeneity wald test after ...estimating a panel VAR model using data for 24 sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2018. The dynamic interactions among the variables and effect of shocks was also examined using the variance decomposition analysis and impulse response functions. For robustness, the estimation was done using both aggregate labour force participation and disaggregated labour force participation inorder to investigate the differentials by gender. The results showed evidence of a feedback effect between life expectancy and total labour force participation. This also holds for male labour force participation however, a unidirectional causality was found from female labour force participation to life expectancy. A one standard deviation shock in CO2 emission had a negative impact on life expectancy. Life expectancy also had the greatest contribution to variations in CO2 emission. Male labour force participation shocks had a consistently negative impact over the ten-year period, however, shocks from female labour force participation had the least impacts on CO2 emission. Environmental reforms encouraging less polluting energy and technology use is important for CO2 emission reduction, which further increases life expectancy and ultimately labour force participation rates.
We analyze whether increased exposure to import competition from China threatens the Nordic model. We find negative employment effects for low-skilled workers, and observe that low-skilled workers ...tend to be pushed into unemployment or leave the labor force altogether. We find no evidence of wage effects. We partly expect this in a Nordic model where firms are flexible at the employment margin, while centralized wage bargaining provides less flexibility at the wage margin. The import shock is smaller, and our estimates suggest that import competition from China explains almost 10% of the reduction in the manufacturing employment share from 1996 to 2007 which is half of the effect found by Autor et al. (2013) for the US.
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