In re-evaluating the origins of Italian clandestine political violence groups in the early 1970s, this article sheds new light on overlapping processes of legitimation of violence that took place in ...that "transitional space" created by the 1968-69 social upheavals. Eschewing mono-causal explanations, this article points attention to how violence was legitimized at different levels: in the interaction between the movement and the "protest policing"; in the competing memories of the Resistenza that generated opposing extremes; and at an international/transnational level, where the Cold War and the mythology of the decolonization movements framed and inspired the choices of Italians terrorists.
The Chinese political system is the subject of much media and popular comment in part because China supports an economy with an apparently inexorable dynamic and impressive record of achievement. ...This book provides a comprehensive introduction to China's political system, outlining the major features of the Chinese model and highlighting its claims and challenges. It explores the central role of the Chinese Communist Party in the country's politics and the way in which the Party controls most elements of the political system. The book also draws parallels with previous historical periods in China's history. Finally, it addresses the question of what kind of role the PRC will play in global politics as a whole, the implications for the West and the rebalancing of relations between China and its neighbours.
The Chinese Communist party’s effort to mobilize and incorporate the working class meant that the standards of behavior and thought usually applied solely to party members were extended to the ...citizenry at large. The broad and sustained application of these standards to the whole population has been a distinctive feature of Chinese communism, and the Chinese have placed their own distinctive emphases on the process of mobilization. The ideological standards for behavior and thought, the demand for unbounded commitment, and the relationships prescribed among people—all are Chinese variations on a common modern theme: social groups whose mutual ties are
