•The NIR spectroscopy on intact lemons was able to predict fruits quality properties.•The NIR spectroscopy on intact PGI lemons was able to discriminate cultivars.•The NIR spectroscopy on intact PGI ...lemons discriminated their geographical origins.•The NIR spectra on intact lemon fruit were affected by annual growing variation.•The NIR spectroscopy was an useful tool to avoid fraud of high-quality products.
The reflectance NIR spectroscopy and chemometric data treatment on mature intact lemons, Limone di Sorrento PGI (cv Ovale di Sorrento) and Limone Costa D’Amalfi PGI (cv Sfusato Amalfitano) from Campania region, collected in 2018 and 2019, were used to predict properties, and discriminate cultivar and geographical provenance. By PCA, lemon NIR spectra grouped for production years due to the year variation of lemon properties attributable to annual climatic differences, homogeneous in all sites. This agrees with lemon chemical and physical differences by production year. Consequently, the relationship of NIR spectra with lemon quality properties by MLR and the cultivar and provenances discrimination by LDA were affected by year climatic difference; therefore, better model reliability was for single production year. NIR detectability of lemon properties did not appear beyond lemon thick peels, therefore the measured properties of lemon juices could derive from measurable properties of peel correlating with pulp properties.
The Limone Costa d'Amalfi and Limone di Sorrento lemons from the Sorrento Peninsula have Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and are subject to origin fraud. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio (SrIR) signature ...of lemons and soils was investigated to verify its reliability to trace the PGI lemons and to highlight environmental factors responsible of the lemon SrIRs. The SrIR ranges of each PGI lemon were not discriminating as they overlapped with each other and some non-PGI lemon SrIRs fell within these ranges. The lemon SrIRs were generally not correlated with bulk and bioavailable soil SrIRs, rather, they were the result of plant Sr uptake with different SrIRs depending on interaction between water supplied to soil and soil with different chemical and physical characteristics. The study of lemon SrIRs and the causes of their origin and variability provides a reliable forecast reference for the other PGI agri-food products in the study area.
•Lemon 87Sr/86Sr ratios were not exhaustive for origin discrimination.•Lemon 87Sr/86Sr ratios were not significantly correlated with those of soils.•Lemon 87Sr/86Sr ratios depended by rainwater, sea spray, irrigation water and soil.•87Sr/86Sr ratio trends in lemons and soils depended on volcanic soil properties.•87Sr/86Sr ratios of Sorrento peninsula, Vesuvius, Sele Plain soils were achieved.
By genome sequencing and analysis, we have been able to identify a gene cluster encoding a four component oxygenase which is able to oxidize d-limonene, l-limonene, cumene, and indole. Heterologous ...expression of the complete oxygenase system in Pseudomonas putida S12 allowed efficient and highly regiospecific biotransformation of d-limonene into (+)-trans-carveol. The discovered oxygenase represents a promising biocatalyst for the biotechnological valorisation of d-limonene.
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•Elemental profiles discriminate lemon juices and soils on a small territorial scale.•Elements in lemon juices and provenance soils were closely correlated.•The discriminant elemental profile of ...lemon juice is affected by annual variation.•Lemon juice origins were identified by elemental profiling with 98.5% accuracy.•Not essential elements were more stable indicators of geographical provenance.
Multielement analysis and chemometric methods were proposed to discriminate the Sorrento lemon (PGI) juices according to geographical origin. In 2018 and 2019, 169 fruits from three farms in PGI area and two in not-PGI area were collected and analysed for essential and not-essential elements by ICP-MS. The PCA of multielement fingerprinting grouped lemon juices from PGI farms revealing a strong differentiation at small geographical scale. The S-LDA discriminated lemon juices for Mo, Ba, Rb, Mg, Co, Ca, Fe, Sr on the two production years, giving 97.7% correct classification, 98.5% accuracy and 93.8% external validation. The good correlation lemon juice vs cultivation soil and the soil discrimination by not-essential elements suggested the use of these elements as reliable indicators of lemon juice provenances. Despite lowering the number of variables, constituted by not-essential elements Ba, Rb, Ti, Co, the use of S-QDA discriminated the lemons juices with 87.5% accuracy and 83.9% validation.
The 1:25,000 geological map of the Entracque-Colle di Tenda area covers an area of about 130 km
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in the Italian Maritime Alps, between the Gesso and Vermenagna valleys. The map area is of great ...relevance since the Alpine units of this region sampled a geological nodal point in the Mesozoic, at the transition between two different sedimentation domains of the Alpine Tethys European palaeomargin (the Dauphinois basin to the NW and the Provençal platform to the SE). During the Cenozoic, this palaeogeographic hinge was progressively incorporated along multiple shear zone systems developed at the southern termination of the Western Alps arc.
The 1:25,000 geological map of the Colle di Tenda - Monte Marguareis area covers an area of about 130 km
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in the Italian Ligurian Alps, between the Vermenagna and Tanaro valleys. It is a detailed ...geological map of a sector of the Ligurian Alps of renewed scientific interest, and represents the eastern continuation of a recently published geological map of the Entracque-Colle di Tenda area. In addition to the increased detail and scale, the more relevant new contents of this map are represented by:
a map of all the tectonic elements making up the Limone-Viozene Zone and the Refrey Unit, which represent the south-eastern portion of a major regional transfer zone developed at the southern termination of the Western Alps arc;
the representation of km-scale Cretaceous palaeoescarpments previously overlooked or interpreted as Alpine faults;
a new interpretation of some dark shales with interbedded sandstones, which were previously mapped as Helminthoides Flysch tectonic remnants, as belonging to the Annot Sandstone unit, the uppermost term of the Alpine Foreland Basin succession; and
a map legend designed following the same criteria of the 1:250,000 Map of the Piemonte Region.
Tests evaluated the adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) using a set of new biomaterial gels synthesized via cross-linked reactions from a range of agricultural wastes, including lemon, ...yuzu (Citrus junos), and coffee. Evidence showed that experimental findings for the adsorption equilibrium from the heavy metal solutions exhibited good correlation with Freundlich isotherm equations. Researchers found that the adsorption mechanism involved acid ion-exchange reactions between the heavy metals and the carboxylic acid of pectic acid in the lemon and yuzu gels, which resulted in major improvements in adsorption capacities of the materials. The lemon gel exhibited the highest complexation capacity for the heavy metals considered in the project.
O orcamento da Caixa Economica Federal para este ano destina R$ 2,1 bilhoes para financiamentos a empresas do Rio. Noventa por cento deste valor e destinado a pequenas e microempresas e, com o acordo ...de cooperacao tecnica fechado na quinta-feira entre o Sebrae/RJ e o banco, o objetivo e que o acesso a este credito para os pequenos empreendedores seja facilitado. O convenio foi assinado nesta quinta-feira pelo superintendente do Sebrae/RJ, Sergio Malta; pelo diretor de Segmentos e Distribuicao da Caixa, Antonio Limone; e pelo superintendente regional da Caixa, Jose Domingos Vargas. A parceria tambem preve ampliacao da oferta de credito para pequenas e microempresas beneficiadas pelos 54 projetos integrantes do Sistema de Gestao Orientada para Resultados (Sigeor), desenvolvido pelo Sebrae/RJ e parceiros, e nos 17 Arranjos Produtivos Locais mapeados pelo Sebrae/RJ e Universidade Federal Fluminense no estado. Pelo acordo, a Caixa tambem passara a participar do novo sistema de atendimento a empresas de pequeno porte nas 22 Agencias de Desenvolvimento Municipal (ADM).
O BB esta executando um programa para a abertura de 978 novas agencias, entre 2003 e 2004. E o conselho diretor da instituicao deve analisar, nos proximos dias, a proposta de instalacao de outras ...150. "Nao podemos crescer por meio de fusoes e aquisicoes, como fizeram os bancos privados", afirma Luciano Mendonca de Oliveira, gerente da Diretoria de Distribuicao do BB. "So nos resta crescer organicamente, com a ampliacao da base de clientes e a abertura de novas agencias bancarias." Em novembro de 2004, o BB tinha um total de 3.771 agencias, segundo o BC. As pracas preferidas para a abertura de novas agencias sao na regiao Sudeste, sobretudo os municipios de Sao Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro. Sao localidades em que, tradicionalmente, os grandes bancos privados - principalmente Bradesco e Itau - sempre tiveram maior presenca que os federais. "A regiao de Sapopemba, na zona leste de Sao Paulo, e um bom exemplo de regioes em que estamos abrindo novas agencias", afirma Antonio Limone. "E uma area com mais de um milhao de habitantes, com varios correspondentes da Caixa, mas sem agencia nossa." Por muitos anos a Caixa teve apenas 128 agencias em Sao Paulo, e o objetivo e dobrar esse numero. Em outubro de 2004, segundo dados do BC, a presenca foi elevada para 143 agencias. Ainda e um numero baixo: significa apenas 7,2% da rede de agencias bancarias do municipio, abaixo da representatividade da Caixa em nivel nacional, que e de 10,2%. Segundo Limone, a rede no Rio ira passar de 50 para 80 agencias.
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