Abstract
Linux operating system provides a good platform for the research on computer science due to its characteristics of open source, stability and efficiency. The teaching platform based on Linux ...has many advantages over that of Windows operating system. To promote the application of Linux and develop domestic software with independent intellectual property rights, the author studies and analyzes the feasibility of Linux teaching platform which can adapt to the current cross platform teaching of information technology in Colleges and universities and meet the requirements of computer grade examination. The author proposes to build an information technology teaching platform based on Linux operating system, and realize the cross platform of mainstream application software through Wine, and meanwhile use virtual machine to support Windows operating system environment. The author puts forward suggestions and measures in the application process, and verifies the feasibility of platform implementation, and proposes the preliminary scheme of platform construction.
This article introduces the second version of the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Cohesion (TAACO 2.0). Like its predecessor, TAACO 2.0 is a freely available text analysis tool that works on the ...Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems; is housed on a user’s hard drive; is easy to use; and allows for batch processing of text files. TAACO 2.0 includes all the original indices reported for TAACO 1.0, but it adds a number of new indices related to local and global cohesion at the semantic level, reported by latent semantic analysis, latent Dirichlet allocation, and word2vec. The tool also includes a source overlap feature, which calculates lexical and semantic overlap between a source and a response text (i.e., cohesion between the two texts based measures of text relatedness). In the first study in this article, we examined the effects that cohesion features, prompt, essay elaboration, and enhanced cohesion had on expert ratings of text coherence, finding that global semantic similarity as reported by word2vec was an important predictor of coherence ratings. A second study was conducted to examine the source and response indices. In this study we examined whether source overlap between the speaking samples found in the TOEFL-iBT integrated speaking tasks and the responses produced by test-takers was predictive of human ratings of speaking proficiency. The results indicated that the percentage of keywords found in both the source and response and the similarity between the source document and the response, as reported by word2vec, were significant predictors of speaking quality. Combined, these findings help validate the new indices reported for TAACO 2.0.
Open-source sofware and its components are widely used in various products, solutions, and applications, even in closed-source. Majority of them are made on Linux or Unix based systems. Netfilter ...framework is one of the examples. It is used for packet filtering, load-balancing, and many other manipulations with network traffic. Netfilter based packet filter iptables has been most common frewall tool for Linux systems for more than two decades. Successor of iptables nfables was introduced in 2014. It was designed to overcome various iptables limitations. However, it hasn't received wide popularity and transition is still ongoing. In recent years researchers and developers around the world are searching for solution to increase performance of packet processing tools. For that purpose, many of them trying to utilize eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) with XDP (Express Data Path) data path. This paper focused on analyzing Linux OS packet filters and comparing their performances in different scenarios. Keywords: Linux, Netfilter, iptables, nfables, eBPF, XDP, frewalls, packet filters. Atvirojo kodo priemones placiau naudojamos skirtinguose produktuose ir programose. Dauguma is ju yra padaryta panaudojant Linux arba Unix sistemas. Netfler tvarkykle yra vienas is pavyzdziu. Ji naudojama paketams filtruoti, apkrovai paskirstyti ir kitoms manipuliacijoms su paketais atlikti. Netfilter paketu filtras ipatables jau du desimtmecius yra populiariausia Linux ugniasiene. Nauja ugniasiene nfables buvo pristatyta 2014 metais ir turejo iveikti iptables trukumus. Taciau nfables taip ir negavo visuotinio pripazinimo, daug sistemu taip ir nebuvo perkeltos i iptables. Todel pastaruosius metus mokslininkai ir programines irangos kurejai iesko naujo sprendimo padidinti paketu apdorojimo nasuma. Tam jie bando isnaudoti tokias technologijas kaip eBPF ir XDP. Sio straipsnio tikslas padaryti Linux OS paketu filtro analize ir palyginti ju nasuma skirtinguose scenarijuose. Reiksminiai zodziai: Linux, Netfilter, iptables, nfables, eBPF, XDP, ugniasiene, paketu filtrai.
Linux operating system (LOS) is a sophisticated man-made system and one of the most ubiquitous operating systems. However, there is little research on the structure and functionality evolution of LOS ...from the prospective of networks. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the LOS network. 62 major releases of LOS ranging from versions 1.0 to 4.1 are modeled as directed networks in which functions are denoted by nodes and function calls are denoted by edges. It is found that the size of the LOS network grows almost linearly, while clustering coefficient monotonically decays. The degree distributions are almost the same: the out-degree follows an exponential distribution while both in-degree and undirected degree follow power-law distributions. We further explore the functionality evolution of the LOS network. It is observed that the evolution of functional modules is shown as a sequence of seven events (changes) succeeding each other, including continuing, growth, contraction, birth, splitting, death and merging events. By means of a statistical analysis of these events in the top 4 largest components (i.e., arch, drivers, fs and net), it is shown that continuing, growth and contraction events occupy more than 95% events. Our work exemplifies a better understanding and describing of the dynamics of LOS evolution.
•Networks of 62 major releases of Linux operating system are constructed.•Manifestations of the evolution of network properties are observed.•The evolution of functionality structures has revealed.•Seven events are found in the evolution of functional modules.
Modern embedded systems execute applications, which interact with the operating system and hardware differently depending on the type of workload. These cross-layer interactions result in wide ...variations of the chip-wide thermal profile. In this article, a reinforcement learning-based runtime manager is proposed that guarantees application-specific performance requirements and controls the POSIX thread allocation and voltage/frequency scaling for energy-efficient thermal management. This controls three thermal aspects: peak temperature, average temperature, and thermal cycling. Contrary to existing learning-based runtime approaches that optimize energy and temperature individually, the proposed runtime manager is the first approach to combine the two objectives, simultaneously addressing all three thermal aspects. However, determining thread allocation and core frequencies to optimize energy and temperature is an NP-hard problem. This leads to exponential growth in the learning table (significant memory overhead) and a corresponding increase in the exploration time to learn the most appropriate thread allocation and core frequency for a particular application workload. To confine the learning space and to minimize the learning cost, the proposed runtime manager is implemented in a two-stage hierarchy: a heuristic-based thread allocation at a longer time interval to improve thermal cycling, followed by a learning-based hardware frequency selection at a much finer interval to improve average temperature, peak temperature, and energy consumption. This enables finer control on temperature in an energy-efficient manner while simultaneously addressing scalability, which is a crucial aspect for multi-/many-core embedded systems. The proposed hierarchical runtime manager is implemented for Linux running on nVidia’s Tegra SoC, featuring four ARM Cortex-A15 cores. Experiments conducted with a range of embedded and cpu-intensive applications demonstrate that the proposed runtime manager not only reduces energy consumption by an average 15% with respect to Linux but also improves all the thermal aspects—average temperature by 14°C, peak temperature by 16°C, and thermal cycling by 54%.
The initial version of SEDA assists life science researchers without programming skills with the preparation of DNA and protein sequence FASTA files for multiple bioinformatics applications. However, ...the initial version of SEDA lacks a command-line interface for more advanced users and does not allow the creation of automated analysis pipelines.
The present paper discusses the updates of the new SEDA release, including the addition of a complete command-line interface, new functionalities like gene annotation, a framework for automated pipelines, and improved integration in Linux environments.
SEDA is an open-source Java application and can be installed using the different distributions available ( https://www.sing-group.org/seda/download.html ) as well as through a Docker image ( https://hub.docker.com/r/pegi3s/seda ). It is released under a GPL-3.0 license, and its source code is publicly accessible on GitHub ( https://github.com/sing-group/seda ). The software version at the time of submission is archived at Zenodo (version v1.6.0, http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10201605 ).
This work evaluates the use of a programmable logic controller (PLC) from Phoenix Contact's PLCnext ecosystem as an image processing platform. PLCnext controllers provide the functions of "classical" ...industrial controllers, but they are based on the Linux operating system, also allowing for the use of software tools usually associated with computers. Visual processing applications in the Python programming language using the OpenCV library are implemented in the PLC using this feature. This research is focused on evaluating the use of this PLC as an image processing platform, particularly for industrial machine vision applications. The methodology is based on comparing the PLC's performance against a computer using standard image processing algorithms. In addition, a demonstration application based on a real-world scenario for quality control by visual inspection is presented. It is concluded that despite significant limitations in processing power, the simultaneous use of the PLC as an industrial controller and image processing platform is feasible for applications of low complexity and undemanding cycle times, providing valuable insights and benchmarks for the scientific community interested in the convergence of industrial automation and computer vision technologies.
Open-source software movement presents a viable alternative to commercial operating systems. Linux-based operating systems are freely available and a competitive option for computer users who want ...full control of their computer software. Thus, it is relevant to inquire on how the open-source movement might influence user technology switching intentions. The current study examines user intentions to switch to a Linux-based open-source operating system. Using partial least squares modeling, we examine the influence of inertia, (i.e., status quo bias), benefit loss costs, incumbent systems habit, procedural switching costs, sunk costs, social norms, and uncertainty costs, on perceived need and behavioral intention. We find that Perceived Need and Behavioral Intention (
β
= 0.691,
p
< 0.001) exhibited the strongest relationship followed by Social Norms on Perceived Need (
β
= 0.508,
p
< 0.001) and Uncertainty Costs on Inertia (
β
= 0.451,
p
< 0.001), with small effects from Incumbent System Habit and Perceived Switching Cost on Inertia as well. As cross-sectional research, no causal interpretations are permitted. Modelling user switching intentions can help facilitate user service design and software documentation efforts by concentrating on user needs. Overall, we find that the results support inertial effects and the influence of social norms on perceived need and users’ switching intentions. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) leverages virtualization to enable the coexistence of multiple virtual Base Band Units (vBBUs) with collocated workloads on a single edge computer, aiming ...for economic and operational efficiency. However, this coexistence can cause performance degradation in vBBUs due to resource contention. In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis of vBBU performance on a Linux RT-Kernel, highlighting the impact of resource sharing with user-space tasks and Kernel threads. Furthermore, we evaluate CPU management strategies such as CPU affinity and CPU isolation as potential solutions to these performance challenges. Our results highlight that the implementation of CPU affinity can significantly reduce throughput variability by up to 40%, decrease vBBU's NACK ratios, and reduce vBBU scheduling latency within the Linux RT-Kernel. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of CPU management strategies to enhance vBBU performance in Cloud-RAN environments, enabling more efficient and stable network operations. The paper concludes with a discussion on the efficient realization of Cloud-RAN, elucidating the benefits of implementing proposed CPU affinity allocations. The demonstrated enhancements, including reduced scheduling latency and improved end-to-end throughput, affirm the practicality and efficacy of the proposed strategies for optimizing Cloud-RAN deployments.
We employ an external processor to distribute the master computing load in the EtherCAT networked control system and develop a method for time synchronization between the Linux on the external ...processor and EtherCAT network. The synchronization between the Linux on the external processor and EtherCAT master is performed by using general-purpose input/output and shared memory, and the synchronization accuracy is significantly improved by compensating for the system time setting latency and general-purpose input detection latency in the EtherCAT master. The developed method is implemented as part of the master application without modifying the EtherCAT protocol or requiring an excessive computational load. By performing extensive experiments and analyzing the results, we demonstrate that the developed method achieves the synchronization error means less than 1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathrm {~ \mu s} </tex-math></inline-formula> with standard deviations less than 5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\mathrm {~ \mu s} </tex-math></inline-formula> between the external processor and EtherCAT network. This synchronization accuracy can be acceptable for various networked control applications based on Linux.
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