It has often been claimed that Jews have a penchant for capitalism and capitalist economic activity. With this book, Adam Teller challenges that assumption. Examining how Jews achieved their ...extraordinary success within the late feudal economy of the eighteenth-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, he shows that economic success did not necessarily come through any innate entrepreneurial skills, but through identifying and exploiting economic niches in the pre-modern economy-in particular, the monopoly on the sale of grain alcohol.
Jewish economic activity was a key factor in the development of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and it greatly enhanced the incomes, and thereby the social and political status, of the noble magnates, including the powerful Radziwiłł family. In turn, with the magnate's backing, Jews were able to leverage their own economic success into high status in estate society. Over time, relations within Jewish society began to change, putting less value on learning and pedigree and more on wealth and connections with the estate owners.
This groundbreaking book exemplifies how the study of Jewish economic history can shed light on a crucial mechanism of Jewish social integration. In the Polish-Lithuanian setting, Jews were simultaneously a despised religious minority and key economic players, with a consequent standing that few could afford to ignore.
Raspad SSSR-a i Jugoslavije proizveo je 22 nove nacionalne države. Nove države državljanstvom uređuju odnose između individue i zajednice; pritom vlade mnogih država ostavljaju stotine tisuća ljudi ...bez državljanstva, bez osnovne legalne zaštite. Tko pripada, a tko je isključen, kako i zašto iz političke zajednice novih država, temeljno je pitanje rada. Na ta pitanja pokušava se odgovoriti teorijski i analizom slučajeva Estonije, Latvije, Litve, Slovenije i Hrvatske. Rad prati nastanak i promjenu državljanskih zakona i politika te njihovu prilagodbu Europskoj uniji. Inicijalna dodjela državljanstva u svim je promatranim državama prioritet dala etničkom identitetu i time oblikovala kategoriju »isključenih«. Promjene »iznuđuje« Europska unija, a države reagiraju sličnim politikama uključivanja – manjina i imigranata – s varijantama koje ne ugrožavaju temeljne standarde EU-a. Međutim, usprkos očekivanju, samo članstvo u EU nije značajno utjecalo na politiku prema »drugima«, zaključuje autorica te navodi primjere »otvorenih pitanja« za svaku promatranu državu.
The Republic of Lithuania, one of the three Baltic States, declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 11 March 1990. Lithuania joined the United Nations in 1991 and became a member of NATO ...and the European Union in 2004. Dalia Grybauskaitė was elected president of the Republic of Lithuania in 2009 and reelected in 2014. Lithuania adopted the euro as its currency as of 1 January 2015. This paper discusses free websites that elucidate Lithuanian government, culture, and heritage.
Unintended Affinities
examines the ways in which German and Polish historians of the nineteenth-century regarded the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The book parallels how ...historians approached the old Reich and the Commonwealth within the framework of their national history. Kożuchowski analyzes how German and Polish nationalistic historians, who played central roles in propagandizing a glorious past that justified a centralized modern state, struggled with how to portray the very decentralized and multi-ethnic empires that preceded their time.
The land of weddings and rain Lankauskas, Gediminas
The land of weddings and rain,
2015, 20141218, 2015, 2014, 2014-12-18, 2015-01-15, Letnik:
16, 16.
eBook
Based on more than a decade of ethnographic research,The Land of Weddings and Rainexamines the components of the contemporary urban wedding in post-socialist Lithuania.
A must-read for anyone interested in Eastern Europe, Russia, and the politics of natural resources, this book reveals the insights gained by looking at post-Soviet development and international ...relations issues not only from a Moscow-centered perspective, but from that of individual actors in other states.
In 1991, archaeologists in lower Manhattan unearthed a stunning discovery. Buried for more than 200 years was a communal cemetery containing the remains of up to 20,000 people.
At roughly 6.6 acres, ...the African Burial Ground is the largest and earliest known burial space of African descendants in North America. In the years that followed its discovery, citizens and activists fought tirelessly to demand respectful treatment of eighteenth-century funerary remains and sacred ancestors. After more than a decade of political battle-on local and national levels-and scientific research at Howard University, the remains were eventually reburied on the site in 2003.
Capturing the varied perspectives and the emotional tenor of the time, Frohne narrates the story of the African Burial Ground and the controversies surrounding urban commemoration. She analyzes both its colonial and contemporary representations, drawing on colonial-era maps, prints, and land surveys to illuminate the forgotten and hidden visual histories of a mostly enslaved population buried in the African Burial Ground. Today, personal offerings and commemorative artworks, many of which incorporate traditional African and diasporic arts and religions, pay tribute to the ancestors and the sacred space. Tracing the history and identity of the area from a forgotten site to a contested and negotiated space, Frohne situates the burial ground within the context of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century race relations in New York City to reveal its enduring presence as a spiritual place. Finally, she illustrates visually, spiritually, and spatially the historic and contemporary formation of a New York City African diaspora in relation to the African Burial Ground.
Drawing on the variety of archival sources in the host of European and Oriental languages, the book focuses on the history, ethnography, and convoluted ethnic identity of the Polish-Lithuanian ...Karaites. The vanishing community of the Karaites, a non-Talmudic Turkic-speaking Jewish minority that had been living in Eastern Europe since the late Middle Ages, developed a unique ethnographic culture and religious tradition. The book offers the first comprehensive study of the dramatic history of the Polish-Lithuanian Karaite community in the twentieth century. Especially important is the analysis of the dejudaization (or Turkicization) of the community that saved the Karaites from horrors of the Holocaust.
This book deals with the spatial concepts that two erstwhile neighboring cultures, Lithuanian and German, associated with one physical space--a Lithuanian region in Prussia. Covering a period of five ...centuries, it explores how, when, and why these concepts have been developed and transformed regulating the spatial imagination of several generations.
This book deals with the spatial concepts of Lithuania and other geo-images that either "competed" in the nineteenth century with the term Lithuania or were of a different taxonomic level (Samogitia, ...Prussia's Lithuania, Lithuania Minor, Poland, the Western Region, the Northwest Region, Lita/Lite, Belarus, East Prussia etc.).
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