Ljubljansko barje je izjemna pokrajina. Vlažne hidrološke razmere omogočajo dobro ohranjenost arheoloških najdišč in paleoekološkega zapisa. Vendar pa je Ljubljansko barje za paleoekološke ...raziskave hkrati tudi izjemno zahtevna regija. Razvoj holocenske pokrajine in vegetacije je bil namreč zelo dinamičen, posledica tega pa spremenljive tafonomske razmere in, zaradi kompleksne hidrološke mreže in človekovega vpliva (rezanje šote), pogosto fragmentiran paleoekološki zapis. Kljub številnim raziskavam v zadnjih desetletjih, podrobne raziskave nekdanje hidrologije niso bile opravljene, čeprav je za arheologijo in paleoekologijo to očitno pomembna tema, saj se je v zadnjih letih razvila živahna diskusija o tem, ali je območje Ljubljanskega barja nekoč pokrivalo jezero ali rečna poplavna ravnica. S tem prispevkom se želim vključiti v razpravo in predstaviti svoj pogled na hidrološko problematiko. Moje mnenje je, da so bile paleoekološke razmere na področju Ljubljanskega barja preveč kompleksne, da bi jih lahko zreducirali samo na polemiko “jezero ali poplavna ravnica?”, moj glavni očitek raziskovalcem, ki so dozdaj razpravljali o tej temi pa, da je njihova interpretacija hidrološkega dogajanja preveč ambiciozna, ker temelji na rezultatih premalo ob-sežnih paleoekoloških raziskav, pa najsi gre za rezultate njihovih lastnih raziskav ali interpretiranje rezultatov drugih raziskovalcev.
The monograph ('Protection and sustainable development of a cultural landscape: the case of Ljubljana Moor') introduces research findings about the structure and functions of the Ljubljana Moor ...(Ljubljansko barje) cultural landscape. This landscape is composed of a plain with isolated hills (inselbergs) and hills on the outskirts. Floods are still frequent. Due to its exceptional biodiversity, in 2008 the area was proclaimed a landscape park. In the study we identified 28 landscape elements in 3 pilot sites – depending on the geological substratum, water, and land use – which contribute to landscape diversity. Payments to farmers have a significant impact on land use which influences greatly land cultivation and sustainable breeding, while these have a considerably lower influence on the preservation of semi natural landscape elements. We discovered that in terms of sustainability the key tendency is to strive to such a landscape diversity that ensures optimum landscape functioning and various ecosystem services.The analysis of landscape changes over 4 study periods showed that, initially, agriculture, settlement, and water management were the main drivers~however, over recent decades the importance of nature protection and tourism has increased. In today’s landscape there are two conflicting trends: intensification and land abandonment .
In 2008, the IUCN uplisted the Curlew to near-threatened (NT) on its Red List. The bird's population in Slovenia is localised and small, thus making it very important to be surveyed every year. Using ...the point count method, we recorded 9-12 breeding pairs in 2011 and 9-10 pairs in 2012 at Ljubljansko barje. Most of them were distributed in the eastern part of the area between the village of Lipe and the river Iscica, whereas only two occupied territories were discovered in 2011 and one in 2012 in the western part of the area. In a ten-year period, the area underwent agricultural intensification, with lowland non-intensive meadows declining by 50%. As a minimal requirement, meadows within the extent of the Curlew's current distribution at Ljubljansko barje should be non-intensively managed (late first cut, no fertilizing or sowing of grass mixtures) and all other human activities prohibited from the beginning of March till the end of June (dog walking and training, ballooning, aircraft modelling). Based on the results of 2011 survey, Ljubljansko barje was designated an IBA for breeding Eurasian Curlews under the IBA criteria A1 and C1.
Analyses were performed of plant remains from the Late Neolithic (in Slovenian terminology corresponding to Eneolithic or Copper Age, ca. 4300—2300 B.C.) pile dwelling Hočevarica in the Ljubljansko ...barje (Ljubljana Moor), Slovenia. This settlement existed between ca. 3650 and 3550 cal B.C. Seeds, fruits, wooden piles, macroscopic charcoal and pollen from the cultural layers were analysed. The remains of domestic plants such as charred grains of Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccum (einkorn and emmer wheat) and Papaver somniferum (poppy seeds), as well as seeds of weeds such as Chenopodium album-type indicate early cultivation in the area. In addition, numerous remains of nuts and berries, especially of Quercus sp., Cornus mas, Rubus fruticosus and Corylus avellana demonstrate that the gathering of wild plants was an important part of subsistence. Palaeoecological and archaeobotanical data from Hočevarica further suggest that cleared land was used for agriculture and pastures during the Neolithic, and that different wood was cut for construction and for fuel. The species assemblage from Hočevarica is very similar to those recovered from northern Alpine lake dwelling sites, however, several new taxa (e.g. Lathyrus sativus, Vicia sp.) appear in the assemblage. One of the most surprising finds is the seed of wild grape (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris), which are the oldest on-site remains of grapevine from Slovenia.
Zaton kolišč na Ljubljanskem barju Anton Velušček; Borut Toškan; Katarina Čufar
Arheološki vestnik (Acta archaeologica),
01/2011, Letnik:
62
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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V prispevku objavljamo rezultate arheoloških, dendrokronoloških in arheozooloških raziskav na štirih koliščarskih naseljih z Ljubljanskega barja, na predhodno raziskani Založnici in na novoodkritih ...Črnem grabnu, Dušanovem in Blatu. V letih 2009 in 2010 smo dokumentirali in vzorčili arheološke najdbe (keramiko), ostanke lesa v tla zabitih kolov, na katerih so bila postavljena koliščarska bivališča, in ostanke živalskih kosti. Na vzorcih lesa, ki so vsebovali nad 45 branik, smo opravili dendrokronološke raziskave. Določljivost živalskih kosti je bila pričakovano velika (NISP = 42 pri N = 70). Vzorci lesa z Založnice, ki je bila poseljena v stoletju pred 2400 pr. Kr., so bili datirani v leta med 2459 in 2457. Jesenov les na Črnem grabnu je bil večinoma posekan leta 2491 pr. Kr. Lesa z najdišč Dušanovo in Blato nismo mogli analizirati, ker je imel premalo branik oz. ni bil dovolj ohranjen. Arheološke najdbe na Založnici, Črnem grabnu in Dušanovem uvrščamo v somogyvár-vinkovško kulturo. Kolišče Blato je mlajše in najverjetneje datira v srednjo bronasto dobo. Tako spada v skupino podobnih naselij, s katerimi se zaključuje koliščarska doba na Ljubljanskem barju. Skladna s takšno časovno opredelitvijo je tudi vrstna sestava vzorca živalskih ostankov z dobro zastopanostjo lovnih vrst. Primerek goveje prstnice s kolišča Črni graben kaže deformacije, povezljive z izkoriščanjem teh živali kot delovno živino.
The monograph treats an environmental interpretation which is not only one of the most effective processes for informing and raising the awareness of visitors to and residents of protected areas, but ...also one of the most demanding and complex ones. The case of the Ljubljana Moor (Ljubljansko barje) is used to analyze the relationship between people and nature from various perspectives and to present a possible approach to interpreting this cultural landscape. In 2008, the area was protected and designated the Ljubljansko barje Landscape park. A detailed analysis of the Iška River basin was performed in order to demonstrate how various interpretation tools can be used to interpret the environment for real and virtual visitors in various age groups.
Skrb za pitno vodo Cerar, Sonja; Cosma, Claudia; Polajnar Horvat, Katarina ...
2014
eBook
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Safeguarding Drinking WaterLjubljana's water resources lie in the immediate vicinity of built-up urban areas or even below them. For decades, they have been safeguarded as water-protection areas, ...which are specified by implementing regulations. However, formal protection through regulations is insufficient if the goal is to manage these sources in a sustainable manner. One of the most important goals of sustainable management is maintaining suitable provision of fresh drinking water without using any technological procedures to
V sicer skromnem (N = 148, NISP = 72) favnističnem vzorcu iz bronastodobnega najdišča Mali Otavnik pri Bistri (Ljubljansko barje, osrednja Slovenija) je bilo zastopanih naj-manj ...13 vrst velikih sesalcev, od tega le pet domačih. Lovne vrste prevladujejo tudi po številu določenih primerkov, saj njihov delež presega 70 % NISP. V tem smislu Mali Otavnik bistveno odstopa od večine sočasnih najdišč v širši regiji, kjer je (ostankov) lovnih vrst praviloma le za vzorec. Med verjetnejše vzroke za nenavadno favnistično sliko tukaj obravnavanega najdišča sodijo kulturne preference tam živečih ljudi, specifične naravne danosti Ljubljanskega barja v bronasti dobi ter morda tudi sama funkcija naselbine.
Pri podvodnem pregledu struge potoka Bistra na Ljubljanskem barju so bili na območju ledine Mali Otavnik odkriti ostanki koliščarske naselbine iz zgodnje bronaste dobe. V plasti peska z ...organskim deritom, ki se je odložila v okolici lesenih pilotov, so bili dokumentirani odlomki keramičnih posod, kamniti odbitki in orodja ter številni neobdelani kostni ostanki živali. Med kera-miko izstopajo fragmenti skodel in vrčka iz fine sive keramike z okrasom vtisnjene vrvice ter bolj številni grobi trebušasti lonci z lijakastim vratom. Naselbina, ki jo radiokarbonska analiza datira med konec 21. in začetek 18. stoletja pr. n. št., leži na skrajnem zahodnem robu razprostranjenosti pramenaste keramike in dopolnjuje fragmentarno poznavanje zadnje faze kolišč na Ljubljanskem barju. V poglobljenem delu struge vzporedno z ostanki kolišča so bili poleg keramike, sorodne tisti iz okolice pilotov, sekire iz jelenjega roga in harpune iz roga kaprida, odkriti tudi odlomki maloštevilnih posod s primerjavami v naselbinskih in grobnih kontekstih med osrednjo Slovenijo, Krasom, Istro in Liko. Slednji morda predstavljajo sledove mlajše faze poselitve iz končnega dela zgodnje bronaste dobe ali srednje bronaste dobe.
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