The analysis of the problem field is a serious problem from the methodological and methodical point of view. The solution of this problem becomes particularly difficult in cases when the object under ...study is characterized by a high level of structural and process diversity, has a dynamic character, i. e. it is constantly evolving, and exists in many variants with the presence of the invariant enshrined in international acts and legislation of most states. The end of the last century was a period of rethinking of many concepts that define the complex processes of political and social interaction of various levels and elements of the system of power and public administration in Russia. The adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993 put forward fundamental problems that needed to be solved to move the country along the path of democratization, build a market economy and form an effective governing system. Article 12 of the first chapter establishes the autonomy of local self-government as an institution, guarantees its protection from excessive state influence. This provision reflects the global trend of consolidating the right to local self-government in democratic states. However, the European Charter of Local Self-Government includes a provision on the independence of local self-government in resolving issues of local significance only within the framework of state legislation, i. e. it establishes its subordinate nature. The latter provision automatically makes local self-government part of the unified system of public power and public administration, which is reflected in the corresponding amendment to Ch. 8 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation “Local self-government” in 2020. This makes t relevant he problem of the local authorities ‘ own powers, the division of functions between them and state authorities to achieve the fundamental goal of the modern state — to ensure an optimal uniform quality of life throughout the territory. The purpose of the article is to characterize the problem field in which the concepts of “public power” and “public administration” are defined and analysed in the context of considering local self-government as a key actor of both systems. The objectives of the research are to determine the boundaries of this problem field, its structure, as well as the difference in approaches to this problem in the works of Russian and foreign authors, including scientists from Central Asian countries.
The article examines the problems of implementing structural transformations in relation to the priority tasks of local self-government in ensuring the capacity of territorial communities for ...economic development at the regional level in the public administration system. It was established that in such conditions, local authorities must deeply understand the peculiarities of the dynamics of local economic development, possess the necessary knowledge, information, skills and experience to ensure greater competitiveness of their communities in the complex world of new realities. Today, they cannot wait for decisions «from above», but must independently solve their local development issues – creating new jobs, increasing employment of the population, attracting investments, increasing the income of local budgets, improving the quality of life, developing public works and infrastructure. It has been highlighted that in recent years in the developed countries of the world, there have been significant changes in the practice of planning the development of territorial communities (local development) and these changes relate to three areas: the levels of government responsibility for the implementation of territorial development planning have changed. Territorial communities assumed almost all responsibility for the local situation, for the level of quality of work, education, recreation and life in the community; the methodology of implementing the local development management process has changed. All activities of communities are subordinated to the strategy, which is created and executed by the community, which is implemented through permanent planned project activities subordinated to the strategy; there was a change in the management entity. Through partnership and inter-municipal cooperation, cities began to independently expand the space of their influence in the region, creating local factors of competitive advantages, forming joint projects to increase competitiveness (transport corridors, industrial parks, public-private partnerships, clusters, etc.). It was found that local development, or the development of territorial communities in highly developed countries of the world, is directly related to»local economic development». In fact, local economic development is an objective and complex multifaceted process, it refers to a relatively complete socio-economic unit in which all aspects of the life of society are manifested. The phenomenon of "local economic development" arose as a result of globalization processes, which are becoming the main factors in the future development of the world economy. Analyzing the capacity of the community, the importance of understanding the essence and content of the object of research, the legal nature of the concept of «community» was determined. The development of an administrative-territorial unit depends primarily on an efficient, effective, self-development oriented community. And the state must justify the possibilities of development and the framework of the functioning of such a community in the normative and legal aspect.
Local self-government is the leading institution of every developed, democratic society. Local self-government is an expression of the legitimate will of the population of a particular administrative ...and legal unit. That is why the exercise of powers and competence by local self-government bodies and officials is in fact an expression of the will of the population. In times of war, local governments are the closest to the needs of the population. This entity should respond comprehensively, as quickly and effectively as possible to the needs of its constituents. In order to develop the hromada, local self-government bodies are authorized to develop and adopt short-term and long-term (strategies) for the socio-economic development of the hromada. The level and quality of life of the population in a certain territory depends entirely on its successful implementation. The issue of the effectiveness of socio-economic programs of local self-government will be particularly acute in the postwar period, when it will be necessary to rebuild postwar Ukraine and its hromadas. The participation, professionalism, and responsibility of local government executive bodies and their officials will play a crucial role in this process. The authors emphasizes the need for more detailed legislative regulation of the issue of legal liability of executive bodies of local self-government and their officials. Given the above, it seems necessary to provide for the liability of executive bodies of local self-government and their officials for failure to implement programs of socio-economic development of a hromada.
The article contains a case study of residents' participation in the process of shaping the city's public expenditure through participatory budgeting. The analyzed data were collected as part of the ...National Science Center anonymyzed. The research methods and tools used in the study included desk research, CAWI, a survey and scenario interviews. The case of Hrubieszów is only a part of our research that deserves a closer look due to the pro-participatory attitude of the significant number of the city officials, social activists, and residents. There is also a certain level of enthusiasm, despite the fact that participatory budgeting arrived in this city relatively late - in 2017. Another interesting fact is that it is the smallest participatory budget among the twelve Polish cities thoroughly examined in our project. In this article we will present the functioning of this process both from the perspective of the local authorities and officials, as well as the project applicants and residents involved in the participatory budgeting process. In our analysis we are looking for local signs of readiness for cooperation which, in favorable conditions, focus on deliberative moments and are followed by a deliberative stance, constituting a basis for pro-participation activities.
Humans and animals have co-existed throughout history. Animals were used for food, clothing, work, but Tobit’s dog in Bible is probably one of first pets ever mentioned. Not just Bible, but other ...written documents show those relations, mainly concerning either selling animals or resolving damages incurred by animals or by human to someone’s animal. Public administration played its role in trials towards animals and in conducting imposed sentences. Veterinarians have been providing inspections concerning animal health, food safety, etc. Lately, as our behaviour towards animals changed, public administration started providing protection for pets and later for abandoned and lost animals. The objective of this study is to show how relations drastically changed in less than 200 years. Previous legal documents concerning animal status and protection were analysed. The empirical research was conducted among 555 Croatian local selfgovernment units. The results will show current situation vis-à-vis protection of abandoned and lost animals, and financial implications for local self-government units. Concluding remarks are based on survey results suggesting need for certain legal changes.
This article is written to provide a general overview of the concept and principles of local self-government, in particular its role in the context of interaction with the central government. In ...addition, the article analyzes the features of local self-government in three EU member states and Ukraine. The leading scientific method used in the study is the formal-legal method, which allows the author to trace the relationship between the internal content and external expression (form) of state-legal phenomena and institutions. The author also seeks to apply the best European practices of local self-government to Ukraine.
The purpose of the research is to reveal the administrative-legal, environmental, social and customs principles of decentralization of public authority in Ukraine. Main content. The article reveals ...the main definitions of decentralization of power, analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process in the public administration system. The article also presents the basic typology of decentralization of power in foreign countries and characterizes these types, as well as an attempt to summarize the reasons for performing decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology: The use of systemic, functional, and structural methods in this study made it possible to define concepts, types, as well as to establish the reasons for introduction of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. Conclusions. Various approaches to performing the reform in European countries and its results have been considered, which is due to the need to implement decentralization in Ukraine. The result of the work consists in determination of the main definitions of the decentralization of power, analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process, definition of the main types of decentralization, as well as generalization of the main reasons for introduction of decentralization in Ukraine.
Addressing specific aspects of municipalities’ functioning as basic cells of territorial organisation of production and living activities is a marked research trend. The paper considers the issues of ...genesis and development of theoretical and methodological preconditions for municipal economics growing into an independent branch of economics. The methodology of the research is the paradigmatic approach to the reconstruction of theoretical knowledge developed by Thomas Kuhn. The subject of the study is conceptual and empirical facts, factors and conditions, which favoured the formation of municipal economics. The methods include taxonomic approach and instrumental analysis that allow describing and explaining the transformation of the essential characteristics of municipal economy as a chorological concept, which means it focuses on the uniqueness of each territory, targets endogenous development based on the active involvement of local assets and exploiting local potential with the attraction of external factors. The research proves that municipal economics is currently at the periphery of the hard core of regional economics and just starts to move out of the pre-paradigm period. Obtained theoretical, methodological, empirical results create a possibility to systematise scientific findings in the field of municipal economics and identify directions for further research to thicken its paradigmatic foundations and turning into a mature discipline.
The paper explores the transformations in the state of the budgets of regional centers to formulate recommendations concerning the development of their budget potential. Methodologically, the paper ...relies on the theory of public finance, supply-side economics, and spatial economics. Applying economic-statistical, structural, logical, and comparative methods, the author identifies the role of repayable and non-repayable receipts in the budgets of regional centers. The analysis covers the period of 2011–2018, when the budget crisis in the Russian regions triggered significant changes in the system of the intergovernmental relations at municipal level. Critical analysis of the key trends in the formation and use of attracted budget resources of regional centers is performed using the case of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. The findings point to an increase in the debt burden from 33 to 52 % of the own revenues of the budgets of the regional capitals; a steady trend towards domination of the funds attracted as gratuitous financial assistance over budgets’ own revenues since 2014; a significant growth in the authority delegated from higher levels. Public authorities and local governments may benefit from the research findings while making decisions meant to improve intergovernmental relations and manage the municipal debt.
The study reveals the relevance of the problem of cooperation between territorial communities in the field of enhancing local economic development. The purpose of the study is to identify problematic ...aspects, as well as to substantiate recommendations in the part of implementing cooperation between territorial communities to ensure economic development at the local level. On the example of one of the communities of Poltava region an analysis of the state of its economic development was carried out, in particular in terms of the level and structure of entrepreneurial activity, the state of functioning and development of industry, agriculture, and other types of economic activity. Problematic aspects and prospects of local economic development of the community are identified. Promising directions of intermunicipal cooperation of the community, in particular in the areas of hub development in basic activities, are substantiated; industrial clusters and other centers of accumulation of business activity; realization of the tourist potential of the community; support of investment and entrepreneurial projects in the field of creation of enterprises in the sectors of the real sector of the economy with a high level of added value and depth of processing of products; stimulating the entrepreneurial activity of local residents. The scientific novelty of the research results in expanding the instrumentarium of intermunicipal cooperation of communities in the sphere of local economic development. The practical significance of the research results is that a list of instruments that can be implemented by territorial communities to remove obstacles and ensure more effective stimulation of local economic growth is determined. It is displayed that a particularly important aspect in the context of the development of intermunicipal cooperation of territorial communities in the economic sphere is the harmonization of fiscal stimulation policy in terms of local taxes and fees, intermunicipal cooperation in the field of resource-based and organizational support for small businesses (in particular, newly created entities), establishing cooperation between local economic development agencies and the tasks of advising local population and business, helping the population in creation of own business, its support, creation of territorial business incubators.
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