Автор статьи акцентирует внимание на том, что в социологических исследованиях российского местного самоуправления превалирует некритическое заимствование базовой терминологии и аксиоматики ...муниципального права. Воспроизведение идеальных конструкций, закрепленных в законодательстве и юридической доктрине, нередко подменяет собой критический анализ процессов, про- исходящих в социальной реальности. Чтобы приблизиться к пониманию дей- ствительного смысла того, что принято называть местным самоуправлением, автор предлагает соотнести юридико- догматическую концепцию с результа- тами эмпирических исследований. Для этого в статье выделяются три конститу- тивных признака местного самоуправ- ления - инклюзивность, доступность и автономность местной власти. Анали- зируя данные опросов общественного мнения, автор фиксирует разрушение доверия к муниципальным властям, их дистанцированность от местных жите- лей и близость к региональным властям. В качестве примера рассматривается практика отмены прямых выборов глав муниципальных образований, наглядно демонстрирующая противоречия между реальными процессами и теорией мест- ного самоуправления. При этом отмеча- ется неоднозначность отношения обще- ства к местному самоуправлению как к ценности и как к непосредственно на- блюдаемому явлению. Результаты про- веденного анализа позволяют автору сделать вывод о наличии принципиаль- ного расхождения между реальностью и нормативной концепцией местного самоуправления, ставящего вопрос о необходимости ее переосмысления с позиций социальных наук. Базой для анализа выступили данные всероссий- ских репрезентативных опросов, про- водившихся Институтом социологии ФНИСЦ РАН, ВЦИОМ и ФОМ.
The functions and powers of local self-governance are broadly discussed at all levels of governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations and communities. There is an expressed position that ...local communities and their local self-governing institutions should be given the power of subsidiary decision-making in locally specific issues. However, year after year, the unanimous attitude is suppressed by dependence upon central government, unreasonably large territorial units with high population density. These circumstances limit down policy formulation, decision-making and, moreover, the implementation of decisions. From this point of view, the powers of local self-governing institutions and, consequently, the decision-making strata differ significantly from those in other European Union countries, Baltic and Central European countries, as well as other states (Ukraine, China, Armenia, USA, Macedonia). This article deals with the analysis of local self-governing administration in terms of the size of the local communities and its impact on decision-making. A comparison is drawn with European Union, Central European and Baltic countries, and with other countries.
This paper focuses on the investigations of investment activity in local self-governments in terms of ratio analysis in Poland. Based on theoretical considerations, the selected financial ratios were ...analysed. In particular, the share of investment expenditure of local self-governments in total budgetary expenditure and their dynamics were investigated. Other analysed factors included investment expenditures per capita. The studied period covered the years 2004–2009, which allowed for the assessment of tendencies for the analysed variables to change in time.
This article deals with comparison of fiscal decentralization systems in EU-27 according to selected quantitative criteria and certain European Charter of Local Self-Government principles. The ...results of comparative analysis show that, a higher number of lower levels of government usually indicate a greater share of local finance within the total public finance, however, this finding does not confirm the inverse link. Even though, the structure of expenditures in EU-27 countries is quite similar, the shares of funds for the implementation of individual tasks and competencies differ significantly from country to country. On average, the countries allocate most funds to education, social security, healthcare, administration and political systems, with only a quarter of the countries recording the same or higher amounts of revenues than expenditures. Most of the countries still cover the existing deficit either through transfers from the central to lower levels of government or through equalisation schemes or borrowing, which otherwise represents a departure from one of the basic principles of the Charter. Adapted from the source document.
The study contains an analysis of the essence of decentralization and its impacts on the creation of territorial communities. Scholarly views on the essence of the concept of ‘territorial community’ ...are presented and its features mentioned. The factors that determine the regional development of the territorial community as a subject of economic relations in the region have been identified. The legislative regulation of the process of creation and development of territorial communities is analysed and the shortcomings of the current situation are pointed out. The degree of decentralization over the period 2018–2020 is briefly analysed and a description of the methodology for assessing the viability of the created territorial communities is given. It is emphasised that the methodology of formation of affluent territorial communities is described in the 2015 Ukrainian legislation and approved by the resolution of 8 April No. 214 “The methodology of formation of affluent territorial communities”. The calculated indicators are given on the example of the Stepanivska united territorial community and its prospects of development are estimated. Recommendations for improving the conditions of formation and development of territorial communities in the conditions of decentralization in Ukraine have been developed. The empirical methodology used in the study proved to be liquid and can be applied in practice to the formation of the territorial community as a subject of local development.
Public administration reform has brought about, inter alia, the change of financing of original and delegated competences for municipalities. In this context, the conditions for economy of local ...government have changed, while the pressure was put on municipalities to make more efficient use of their property to receive the greatest possible benefit in terms of economic, social and territorial development. A municipality can manage its own property, but it can also entrust it to the budgetary and contributory organizations. The Act no. 138/1991 Coll. indicates that the municipal authorities and organizations are required to manage municipal property in favour of development of municipalities and their citizens, and protection and creation of the environment. One of the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of property use is also financial analysis, eventually economic analysis. Analysis usually results in practical useful knowledge, creating the foundation for an objective definition of relevant conditions (factors) for the future capital appreciation in municipalities. The aim of this paper is to evaluate financial performance of contributory organizations under the jurisdiction of municipalities with help of selected indicators.
For the time past since the adoption of the Federal Law No. 131-FZ, there emerged problems impeding the effective development of local self-government. In our opinion, the process of differentiation ...and clarification of powers between levels of public authorities, including between municipal districts and settlements on the municipal level is not completed, as well as the problem of achieving consistency between the financial needs of municipalities for solving matters of local significance and provided financial sources yet is not solved.
Advertising has become an indispensable component of the modern information society. The advertisers try to attract attention, often with aggressive and unethical advertising; one aspect being covert ...advertising. Covert advertising means all the texts are paid for in the forms of journalistic texts but they want just the commercial benefit. Our goal was to investigate covert advertising within the Slovenian press, with a mutually comparative analysis of three daily newspapers comparing the years 2008 and 2012, and to study the existing theoretical contributions on covert advertising in the context of local self-government as a key element of democracy, its causes, and the legal order. We determined that the number of such articles is growing each year, and the laws and regulations are absolutely disrespected.
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