Tembotrione is a herbicide belonging to the triketone group, which is commonly used for postemergence weed control in maize fields. However, its application can have unintended effects on plants ...growing on neighboring land, due to factors such as spray drift, carryover, and residue in soils. These off-target effects can potentially cause harm to non-target plants and ecosystems. Off-target application of tembotrione to tomato plants can result in negative effects such as various patterns of chlorosis and reduction in growth, yield, and quality. These effects can adversely impact tomato plants and their ability to produce healthy fruit. Field trials were conducted to explain the negative effects of tembotrione on tomato plants at a rate of 20% of the recommended dose specified on the label. Several growth parameters were measured during the trial to assess the impact of tembotrione on tomato plants: fresh and dry biomass of plants (g), leaf area (cm
2
), yield (kg plot
−1
), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), titrable acidity (%), soluble solid content (%), and pH. According to the results obtained, tembotrione negatively affected tomato plants. The applied dose of tembotrione mostly had a negative effect on the quality of both the tomato foliage and fruits. However, despite this negative effect, there was no statistically significant impact on the yield. In fact, the yield slightly increased as a result of tembotrione treatment. On the other hand, use of tembotrione caused a decrease in the marketable yield of tomatoes due to a reduction in the visual quality of the fruits. Additionally, the tembotrione drift simulation treatment resulted in an increase of approximately 17.5% in titrable acidity (TA).
LeAN2 encoding an anthocyanin-associated R2R3-MYB transcription factor was isolated from tomato. The expression of LeAN2 in tomato was induced by low temperature and oxidative stress. Green ...fluorescent protein was fused to LeAN2 and the complex was expressed transiently in onion epidermal cells. Green fluorescence was observed only in the nucleus. Overexpression of LeAN2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter in tobacco induced expression of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the content of anthocyanin was markedly higher in transgenic tobacco compared with wild type plants. Transgenic tobaccos conferred tolerance to chilling stress by maintaining a higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II compared to the wild type plants. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed lower ion leakage, a lower content of reactive oxygen species, and a higher content of non-enzymatic antioxidans under the chilling stress. They also showed an enhanced resistance to the oxidative stress induced by methyl viologen based on a decreased chlorophyll content loss, lower ion leakage, and an enhanced maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II. These results indicate that overexpression of LeAN2 resulted in an increased anthocyanin accumulation and enhanced resistance to the chilling and oxidative stresses in transgenic tobacco.
It was presumed that shallow water table restricted leaf growth and some water-related parameters; therefore, they can be used as indicators of plant stress due to the water table condition. ...Objective of this research was to evaluate morphological stress indicators in tomato plants exposed to shallow water table. The research was conducted in two stages: (1) developing reliable LA estimation model from June to September 2016; as pre-requisite for (2) calculating and evaluating the morphological indicators for stress due to shallow water table treatments, conducted from February to May 2017. Treated plants were placed inside experimental pools. Each treatment was done by partially submerging growing substrate to the targeted water tables at 5 cm and 10 cm below surface of the substrate. Untreated control plants were kept outside the pools. Zero-intercept linear model was the selected model for leaf area estimation after evaluating 15 combinations of five regression models and three predictors. Results of this study indicated that steady water table at 5-cm and 10-cm depth did not restrain relative leaf expansion rate (RLER) and there was no significant difference in specific leaf fresh weight (SLFW) and specific leaf water content (SLWC) between treated and untreated plants, measured prior to, during, and after recovery from shallow water table treatments. In conclusion, if position of water table was steady, the shallow water table at 5-cm depth or deeper did not affect tomato growth.
In times of pandemic and when sustainability is in vogue, the use of byproducts, such as fiber-rich tomato byproducts, can be an asset. There are still no studies on the impact of extraction ...methodologies and the gastrointestinal tract action on bioactive properties. Thus, this study used a solid fraction obtained after the conventional method (SFCONV) and a solid fraction after the ohmic method (SFOH) to analyze the effect of the gastrointestinal tract on bioactive compounds (BC) and bioactivities. Results showed that the SFOH presents higher total fiber than SFCONV samples, 62.47 ± 1.24-59.06 ± 0.67 g/100 g DW, respectively. Both flours present high amounts of resistant protein, representing between 11 and 16% of insoluble dietary fiber. Furthermore, concerning the total and bound phenolic compounds, the related antioxidant activity measured by 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay presented significantly higher values for SFCONV than SFOH samples (
< 0.05). The main phenolic compounds identified in the two flours were gallic acid, rutin, and
-coumaric acid, and carotenoids were lycopene, phytofluene, and lutein, all known as health promoters. Despite the higher initial values of SFCONV polyphenols and carotenoids, these BCs' OH flours were more bioaccessible and presented more antioxidant capacity than SFCONV flours, throughout the simulated gastrointestinal tract. These results confirm the potential of ohmic heating to modify the bioaccessibility of tomato BC, enhancing their concentrations and improving their antioxidant capacity.
Cultivation of more varieties in a shorter time period in a season in the greenhouse causes easy degradation of physical and fertility properties of the soils. In recent years, the use of commercial ...liquid fertilizers (LSF) has become widespread for earliness and variety diversity in the cultivation of greenhouses. In this study, the effects of liquid seaweed fertilizer (0, 200 ml 100 L-1 water and 400 ml 100 L-1 water) at different growth stages (seedling, flowering and fruit formation) and under control conditions (without treatment) on grafted and non-grafted tomatoes plants were investigated for yield and nutrient contents under greenhouse conditions. Generally, liquid seaweed fertilizer applications in different growth stages significantly increased in terms of plant growth and nutrient contents when compared with control. Plant fresh weight, dry weight (543 g, 108 g) and yield (5919 g) increased in the grafted variety, whereas the highest fruit weight (115.50 g) were obtained from un-grafted tomato variety Similar results were obtained in terms of plant nutrient content; the total nitrogen content in the varieties ranged from 3.28 to 4.62%, the phosphorus content from 0.12% to 0.34% and the potassium content from 1.56% to 4.45%. In conclusion, LSF applications at different growth stages positively affected yield and nutrient content; especially the best results were obtained from 400 ml 100 L-1 application in the seedling stage.
The nutritional composition of eight tomato varieties collected from greenhouses in Almería (Spain) was determined. The analyzed components included moisture, crude protein, available carbohydrates, ...total lipids, dietary fiber, ash, energy, vitamin C, fatty acids, carotenoid profiles, mineral elements, nitrate and oxalic acid. The output of the analyses showed higher amounts of vitamin C and carotenoid in these tomato varieties than in conventional varieties. All varieties reported in this study showed high amounts of nitrates, ranging between 108
mg in Rambo and Racimo and 470
mg in Cherry (mg/100
g fresh wt). The antioxidative capacity of the tomato extracts, evaluated both with the β-carotene breaching and with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH
) radical scavenging methods, showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of some verities was comparable with those of the commercial antioxidants used for similar purposes.
Eight different Serbian genotypes were analysed for their polyphenol, carotenoid, vitamin C content and evaluated for their antioxidant properties. The highest content of biologically important ...carotenoids such as lutein (4.58 mg/10 g), lycopene (160.64 mg/10 g) and β-carotene (189.64 mg/10 g) were detected in the genotype S606. Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in all tastes samples, but its content is highest in the genotype S615 (1424.30 µg/100 g dw). All tomato samples were the great source of vitamin C, where the sample S615 stood out (68.54 mg AA g
−1
of dw). Their content of antioxidant compounds suggested that genotypes S606 and S615 showed the best antioxidant potential. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial least squares (PLS) were applied to analyse results. The results obtained in the present study could be of considerable interest for breeding programmes wishing to select tomato genotypes with high biological and nutritional properties.
•The effect of 28-homocastasterone and two synthetic derivatives were evaluated on tomato plantlets.•Enhancement in the main root elongation was found for plantlets treated with ...5fluoro-homocastasterone.•5fluoro-homocastasterone and 5 hydroxy-homocastasterone significantly enhanced shoot elongation, though significantly less than HCS and epi-BL did.
Brassinosteroids (BRs) comprise a specific class of low-abundance plant steroids of ubiquitous occurrence in plants. Molecular genetic analysis of mutants defective in BRs biosynthesis or response has demonstrated that the ability to synthesize, perceive and respond to BRs is critical for normal plant growth. In this work, the structure-activity relationships of two synthetic derivatives of 28-homocastasterone (28-HCS) were evaluated on tomato plantlets using the native 28-HCS and epibrassinolide (epi-BL) as control. Progressive enhancement in the main root elongation was found for plantlets treated with increased doses of 5α-fluoro-28-homocastasterone (5F-HCS) within the 0.5–4μgshoot−1 range. When compared to epi-BL, to the parental 28-HCS and to a mono 5-hydroxy HCS derivative (5OH-HCS), no difference between 5F-HCS and the other BRs, towards stimulation of main root elongation, was found when these BRs were applied at a dose of 2.0μg per plantlet. Both, 5F-HCS and 5OH-HCS significantly enhanced shoot elongation, though significantly less than HCS and epi-BL did. Besides provinding an insight into the morphological responses of tomato plantlets to application of 28-HCS derivatives, these results also demonstrate that the 5F-HCS-induced stimulation of main root elongation might be useful to improve the plants's nutrient and especially water uptake, particularly under water deficit, besides improving anchorage.
Phenotypic and genetic diversity of genotype collections are important for germplasm conservation of a species. Characterization of morphologically much diversified materials with molecular markers ...offers a unique opportunity to define significant marker-trait associations of biological and agronomical interest. Twenty four genotype of tomato were collected and screened with four lycopene gene specific primers in order to determine the genetic diversity. Cluster analysis based on lycopene gene specific marker and morphological traits showed two distinct groups. In both the dendrograms, the second cluster did not show any similarity with each other. Lycopene gene specific marker and phenotypic traits based dendrograms revealed that some of the genotypes were closely related while the others were placed at distance in both the dendrograms. The lycopene specific primers similarity coefficient based similar genotypes in a cluster, and fruit yield and related phenotypic traits based clusters of different genotypes may be screened in quality genetic breeding programmes.
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