A rapid implementation of potentially more sustainable sector structures in newly industrializing countries (NICs) is of key importance to reach global sustainability. The conceptual basis for ...assessing such “leapfrogging” potentials is however still rather weakly developed. The present paper elaborates an encompassing conceptual framework drawing on the technological innovation systems literature and adding an explicit geographical focus that embeds an NIC's innovation system in its international context. From this, we derive six ideal-type leapfrogging trajectories. The framework is applied to the case of a potential transition to onsite wastewater treatment in China. Empirical evidence is based on 30 expert interviews with representatives from companies, universities, authorities and associations in China and Europe. Our results suggest that leapfrogging in the Chinese wastewater sector might develop in either an integrated “international innovation system” trajectory, where Chinese and international actors closely interact, or in an “international competition” trajectory, where Chinese actors endogenously build up technological leadership in strong competition to international actors. We conclude by outlining policy implications and by discussing future research priorities for leapfrogging and transition studies.
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► This study aims at conceptualizing leapfrogging in newly industrializing countries. ► We develop a frame for analyzing leapfrogging with spatially coupled technological innovation systems. ► The frame is applied to onsite wastewater technology in China. ► Leapfrogging could be conceivable in China either in an international cooperation or competition trajectory. ► Implications for policy making, leapfrogging and transition studies are discussed.
MBR technology has been widely used in northeast China's leachate treatment projection for its obvious technical advantages. However, the complex nature of the Northeast leachate as well as ...relatively more calculations design of MBR process, became the key to the success of the project. This article in view of the present our country MBR treatment process of domestic refuse landfill leachate treatment of some design problems and puts forward some personal views and suggestions,, for example the MBR process calculation method of reference.
In the future, upgrading of existing wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) will become the more challenging task than erection of wholly new plants, as most of the plants (e.g. necessary in Germany) do ...exist already. Since some time, MBR technology has been taken into consideration and has been realised as an alternative for wwtp upgrading. This paper gives an overview about some relevant preconditions, basic upgrading concepts and examples of already upgraded wwtps using MBR technology.
Membrane pollution and its cleaning technology in MBR water treatment process were tested. Membrane of short-term (22d) experiment and membrane of long-term (210d) experiment were cleaned separately ...by cold water rarr hot water rarr sodium hypochlorite rarr ethanol, membrane fluxes came back to the 94.4% and 70.3% of the new membranes, respectively. Another membrane of long-term (210d) experiment was cleaned with different process by cold water rarr hot water rarr sodium hypochlorite rarr sulfuric acid, membrane flux came back to the 61.4% of the new membrane. The cleaning test of membrane module showed: different cleaning process might bring different cleaning effect. Membrane pollution can be divided into biological pollution, organic pollution and inorganic pollution. They often occur simultaneously, and one kind of pollution can exacerbate another.
The article introduces an engineering example of landfill leachate treatment using integrated MBR technology. The MBR system incorporated with pretreatment process was started and debugged with high ...efficiency, and the parameters such as COD Cr , BOD 5 , NH 3 -N and SS of effluent can satisfy the class-Ill standards of the Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site for Domestic Waste (GB 16899-1997).
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