Under the parameters of normal engine operation, lubricating oil typically experience periodic shifts in its viscosity. Because of this, engine oils often include polymeric additives that are ...referred to as viscosity modifiers. The oil is able to give acceptable fluid lubrication at extreme temps due to these additives, which are oil-soluble polymers. The aim of present work to use polymers in form of nano-composites such as Styrene, Octadecyl-methacrylate (ODMC) and Dodecyle-methcrylate (DDMC) for lube oil viscosity index and pour point enhancement during copolymerization reaction. The benzoyl peroxide was used as an initiator. Solubilizes were made using SN-150 mineral base oil from the Al-Dorha refineries in Baghdad, which had a viscosity index of 128, and a viscosity range of 0 to 100°C. Styrene and methacrylate monomer combinations were copolymerized in an SN-150 mineral base oil solution in a nitrogen atmosphere at 60-80°C. A 200 mm3 oil glass reactor fitted with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux condenser was used to conduct the reactions. Five percent by weight of the total monomer was the concentration used. With respect to the monomers, the initiator concentration was 1.0% wt. Seven hours are needed for the whole reaction cycle. The copolymer composition was modified from 5 to 25% wt.% styrene by changing the monomer combination ratio. The advanced statistical analysis is performed to find the optimum conditions by mean of surface response and multiple regression using MINITAB. The optimization finding is obtained at Styrene of 5%, DDMC of 18% and ODMC of 18%, which promotes viscosity index of 197 leading to 51% enhancement in Al-Dora lube oil.
In this study, the investigation of 4-clorophenol (CP) removal from aqueous solutions using copper electrodes by electrocoagulation (EC) process was done. The effects of various experimental ...parameters such as pH, current density and exposure time, which affect the EC process, on 4-CP removal were investigated. To optimize the process, response surface methodology (RSM) Box Behnken Design was used by MINITAB program, a series of experimental sets were obtained and carried out. Afterward, 4-CP removal was analyzed and calculated. Results were entered into the MINITAB program as a response. At the end of the optimization, optimum operating conditions were determined as 74 mA/cm2, 45 min, 4.24 for current density, exposure times and pH, respectively. When the results were evaluated, approximately 92% phenol removal efficiencies were obtained. Additionally, according to the model results, it was understood that the factors with the greatest effect on 4-CP removal were the exposure time and current density and these had a linear effect, but the pH value did not have a significant effect.
This research examines the effect of size and weight fraction of the eggshell particles added on the hardening of the Al metal reinforced by eggshell Particles using the program MINITAB 16. Powder ...technology method has been used to produce a composite material, The composite material was obtained by adding different weight fractions (0,2, 6,10 and 12 wt. %) and the size (100,240,350,510and 670um) of eggshell particles to aluminum powder. It samples was composed by using pressing of single action then accompanied directly by process of sintering at 474°C under the inert gas effect conditions. it was concluded that the best hardening of (72.6971 Mpa) can be obtained when the variables were (Xi = 12 wt%) and (X2 =100um). The lights value of Xi and X2, obtained using the programs, was used in practice giving hardening (74Mpa) which it nearly similar to that obtained by program. Also results show that the variables weight fraction (X1) & Particle Size (X2) have a significant effect on hardening. Moreover, the hardening increases with increasing weight fraction. While hardening value decreases gradient with down eggshell particle size.
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal optimizar la recuperación de zinc en la segunda etapa de flotación de minerales polimetálicos de la empresa Mines and Metals Trading ...Perú donde su recuperación promedio anual de Zinc es de 82%. En la planta concentradora se realizaron dos muestreos la primera de mineral fresco en la faja N°01 que alimenta a la molienda primaria y las de pulpa se obtuvieron de las colas de flotación bulk Pb/Ag. Durante el estudio se realizó pruebas preliminares de flotación con la finalidad de seleccionar las variables independientes más influyentes en la variable dependiente haciendo uso del programa estadístico MINITAB. Se realizaron pruebas de flotación variando la dosificación de sulfato de cobre(g/TM) y tiempo de remolienda(minutos). Con los resultados obtenidos se realiza la optimización con el Diseño Hexagonal, obteniendo valores máximos de sulfato de cobre de 351.06 gr/TM y tiempo de remolienda de 5.06 minutos. Con estos resultados se obtiene una recuperación teórica de 95.54%.
The dissipation and side-effect of metribuzin (MBZ) were studied with various factors; two soil types (clay loam and sandy loam), soil amendment (wheat straw and without amendment), two temperature ...levels (25 and 50°C), sterilization (sterilized and unsterilized soil) and time of incubation (15 and 30 days) and designed by Windows version of MINITAB software package to reduce the time and the cost as well as increased the precision. Determination of MBZ by HPLC with recoveries ranged from 50.85 to 108.09%. The MBZ residues were detected in all samples up to 60 days of storage, respectively with decline in their concentrations with the time of incubation. The clay loam soil showed higher dissipation than the sandy loam soil. The different factors in the present study confirmed that the wheat straw amendment, non-sterilization and incubation at 50°C caused higher dissipation of MBZ than without wheat straw, sterilization and incubation at 25°C. The dissipation was described mathematically by a first order equation with t0.5 was ranged from 9.62 to 16.82 days in clay loam soil and from 10.01 to 16.04 days in sandy loam soil. The side-effect of MBZ was tested on soil dehydrogenase activity that can be considered as an indicator of the biological activity and microbial degradation. The result proved that the enzyme activity was significantly decreased in all treatments compared with the controls at 1 and 3 days of incubation then it was gradually increased at 7, 10, 15 and 30 days of incubation. Treatments of wheat straw, non-sterilized and incubated at 25°C or 50°C showed the lowest enzyme inhibition among all treatments.
Most scientific research generates data. Analysis of the data from scientific research helps create new knowledge or a deep understanding of natural phenomena. Statistical software is used mainly in ...data analysis. SPSS and Minitab appear to be most popular, especially for those that could neither code nor mathematical inclined to handle advanced software such as R, MATLAB, Maple, etc. Trends and usage pattern of SPSS and Minitab Software in Scientific research was studied in this paper with the data obtained from the Scopus database. In their abstracts or keywords, documents that have mentioned SPSS were extracted for the years 2010 to 2019. Frequency analysis showed that the trend of using SPSS and Minitab is steadily increasing, although the use of Minitab is a fraction of SPSS. Minitab is mostly used in engineering, materials science, and computer science, while SPSS is mainly used in medicine, social science, and engineering. Analysis of the document type showed that SPSS and Minitab are mostly stated in abstracts or keywords of research articles, conference papers, review papers, and books indexed in Scopus.
In this study, application and efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) in the removal of nickel and iron from real powerplant wastewater was evaluated. Fe electrode (St 12) was used as anode and ...cathode, connected with parallel monopolar configuration. Tests were conducted in two phases. Phase I mainly focussed on changing the range of the parameters to attain the possible range in which the tests can be conducted and also reached the optimum efficiency. A stirred batch reactor was used to define the test parameters range, including initial pH, electrical current (A), electrode distance (cm) and electrolysis time (min). Then, phase II of this study was conducted using the response surface methodology to design and optimise operational parameters. Outcomes indicated that considering pH = 8.1, d = 1 cm, I = 1.5 A and t = 18 min as operational conditions can result in 99.9% removal efficiency. Remarkably, the high correlation between experimental and predicted values (R
2
=99.5% and 99.6% for iron and nickel, respectively) demonstrated that the EC process is a promising method to remove heavy metals from power plant wastewater.
•Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5 alloy is polished by using a pulse laser in this study.•Surface roughness of Ti samples could be improved up to 50% during laser polishing.•DOE model has been created in MINITAB, ...Design Expert, MATLAB and APS to analyze statiscally.•Detailed statistical analyses were performed in MINITAB and Design Expert to investigate the influence to input parameters on the final results.•A regression formula with at least 85% accuracy could be acquired in all softwares.
Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained a significant advancement in recent years. Since AM methods enable the manufacturing of geometry-free parts, they are now widely used in various industries. However, additively manufactured parts often require surface quality treatments to reduce the surface roughness and mitigate residual stresses on the surface. Laser polishing is a popular high-quality technology to increase surface quality of the metals. However, in literature, there isn’t any distinguished model for laser polishing to support a prescribed procedure and predict the outcomes of the operation. In this study, DOE (design of experiment) models were created by using MINITAB, Design Expert, MATLAB and APS to analyze the prescribed models and compare the statistical analyses of the softwares via ANOVA analysis. During the analyses, influence of process parameters on the final surface roughness were also investigated. At the end of the study, it has concluded that statistical DOE model analysis software such as MINITAB and Design Expert provide a solid mathematical regression formula for future prediction with over 90% accuracy, while MATLAB fails to satisfy providing a mathematical formula. On the other hand, APS can derive a mathematical formula; however the formula derived by APS is more complex than the formulas provided by statistical DOE model analysis software.
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