This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations, political cues and ...questions of collective identity, education and euroscepticism are negatively related. However, as the process of European unification has progressed, all three factors have become more salient, so we expect an increasing effect of education on euroscepticism over time. Using 81 waves of the Eurobarometer survey in 12 European Union (EU) member states, our results show that the impact of education on euroscepticism has indeed increased, particularly after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty.
This article aims to analyze the perception of and the debate surrounding European integration in Portugal, before and after theapproval of the Maastricht Treaty, taking into account the country’s ...identity andpolitical culture. In particular, the article will assess the attitudes of the Portuguesegovernment, political parties and the general public towards the Maastricht Treaty.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción y el debate en torno a la integración europea en Portugal, antes y después de la aprobación del Tratado de Maastricht, teniendo en cuenta la identidad y la cultura política del país. En particular,el artículo evaluará las actitudes del gobierno portugués, los partidos políticos y el público en general hacia el Tratado de Maastricht.
In addition to famine and disease, war had a considerable impact on rural society in early modern Europe. Myron Gutmann studies this impact through a systematic analysis of military, economic, and ...demographic variables as they affected the Basse-Meuse area in Eastern Belgium and the Netherlands between 1620 and 1750.
Originally published in 1980.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
En este ensayo se pasa revista a los principales momentos de la integración europea desde los años 1970 hasta la firma del Tratado de Maastricht. Esta periodización sirve para demostrar que los ...resultados adquiridos en los años 1990 pueden interpretarse más como punto de llegada de los desafíos surgidos en los 1970 que como programa de cara al nuevo orden internacional que se impuso después del final de la Guerra Fría.
The study of popular culture is an ideal way to understand what aspects of a country's political and social reality became issues of concern to its citizens. This article uses songs and other ...audiovisual products of the eighties and nineties to perceive how Spain's accession to the European Communities affected Spanish society. Thanks to the analysis of these creations, it is possible to observe the different sensitivities existing in Spanish society in the face of the Europeanization process and to evaluate its social and cultural impact.
El estudio de la cultura popular es un elemento idóneo para alcanzar a comprender qué aspectos de la realidad política y social de un país se convirtieron en asuntos que preocupaban a la ciudadanía. En este artículo se recurre a las canciones y a otros productos audiovisuales de los años ochenta y noventa para percibir cómo impactó en la sociedad española la adhesión de España en las Comunidades Europeas. Gracias al análisis de estas creaciones se hace posible observarlas distintas sensibilidades existentes enla sociedad española ante el proceso de europeizacióny evaluar su impacto social y cultural.
In Europe’s recent history, there have been several challenges to the strength of the European Union—Brexit, COVID, financial crises, and global tensions—bringing an increased need to understand the ...ways that the European Union (EU) could successfully stay together or fall apart. In examining how the European Union has changed since 1993, important puzzles have emerged, including how national government functions are transferred to the EU without reforming the EU, how increased transparency is announced while decisions are approved in informal meetings, and how the effects of the polarizing rise of Euroscepticism can be managed to still promote the formation of solidarity and trust among Europeans. To understand these puzzles, Thomas König introduces a new theory of (supra)national partyism to help explain the causes and consequences of choices made by political leaders for Europe. He uses a game-theoretical perspective to look at how conditions for leaders change through accessions of new members, shocks, and crises, and separates institutional choices into two different games played by office- and policy-seeking political leaders—the interstate summit game and the national game of party competition. The Dynamics of European Integration reveals how the reorganization of electoral systems can harness dissensus and polarization among diverse national constituencies to enable the promotion of solidarity and trust in the EU.
Deformation experiments with concurrent X-ray microtomography are used to characterize the mechanical properties of a high-porosity carbonate rock from Central Europe (the Tuffeau de Maastricht). ...Evidence of deformation behavior and pressure-dependent strain localization for this rock are taken into account to define the parameters of an elastoplastic constitutive law with competing hardening and softening mechanisms. Full-field data regarding the compaction localization regime have been used to identify a compromise between compaction hardening and structure deterioration. It was shown that by placing emphasis on the destructuration behavior it was possible to reproduce features such as the elongation of the deformation plateau emerging during compaction band formation, as well as the pressure-dependent inclination of the ensuing compaction bands. Most notably, the comparison between measurements and simulations showed that the strategy here used to constrain the model parameters allows a satisfactory depiction of both the macroscopic deformations and the portion of sample volume across which the compaction zones develop and propagate. These results point out the major benefits of parameter calibration strategies accounting synergistically for global measurements and spatially-distributed deformations, especially in the presence of constitutive laws meant to replicate compaction localization.
Vital Exhaustion (VE) refers to a physical and mental state of excessive fatigue, feelings of demoralization, hopelessness, and increased irritability. The short form of the Maastricht Vital ...Exhaustion Questionnaire (MVEQ) is a widely used measure to assess VE. Despite its utility is broadly recognized, the validity and reliability of the scale have yet to be examined in the Italian context. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the shortened MVEQ in a community sample of Italian older adults. A total of 722 older adults (M
= 72.97, SD = 7.71; 60.4% females) completed the MVEQ, as well as other self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression and stress in order to evaluate the criterion-related validity of the scale. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine the original MVEQ latent structure. Internal consistency was assessed through model-based omega coefficient. Test-retest reliability was examined by re-administering the MVEQ after three months to a subsample of 568 participants. Factorial invariance tests across gender were conducted by means of multi-group CFAs. The one-factor model showed an acceptable fit to the data. The MVEQ yielded a reliable total score (ω = 0.822) and showed moderate-to-large correlations with measures of anxiety, depression, and stress (r range 0.30 to 0.75, ps < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was supported by an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.661. Lastly, the scale was factorially invariant across gender. Overall, the MVEQ provided evidence of reliability and criterion-related validity in a sample of Italian older adults and may be useful for both clinical and research practices.
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