Provider: - Institution: University of Zagreb. Faculty of Science. Department of Geophysics. - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Intenzivne konvektivne oluje često predstavljaju potencijalnu ...opasnost za ljudski život i materijalna dobra, dok je vrijeme i mjesto nastanka te intenzitet istih još uvijek teško predvidiv i predstavlja jedan od najvećih izazova u prognozi vremena. Izuzetnu važnost u prognozi konvekcije imaju satelitski podaci i podaci o munjama, a njihovo karakteristično ponašanje prije i tijekom grmljavinskih oluja može uvelike poboljšati prognozu neposrednog razvoja vremena (eng. nowcasting). U ovom radu korišteni su podaci s geostacionarnih satelita druge generacije Meteosat-9 i Meteosat-10 te podaci o munjama iz međunarodnog LINET (od eng. LIghnting NETwork) sustava. Uspoređene su četiri objektivne satelitske metode koje se temelje na kombinaciji satelitskih kanala u infracrvenom dijelu spektra i služe za detekciju premašujućeg vrha (OT, od eng. Overshooting Top) iznad nakovnja kumulonimbusa (Cb), koji je posljedica jake uzlazne struje unutar konvektivne ćelije. Utvrđeno je da najmanji broj pogrešnih detekcija ima nova jednostavna objektivna satelitska metoda, nazvana COMB (od eng. COMBination). Većina pogrešno detektiranih OT-ova koristeći spomenutu metodu nalazila se u području specifičnih termičkih oblika na vrhovima konvektivnih oblaka (hladnog prstena ili hladnog U/V) koji su također karakteristični za intenzivnu konvektivnu aktivnost. U blizini detektiranih OT-ova najčešće dolazi do olujnih udara vjetra koji su često praćeni intenzivnim pljuskom, dok je u značajnom broju slučajeva zabilježen i izražen pad temperature. Analizom grmljavinske aktivnosti nad promatranim područjem utvrđeno je da su grmljavinski najaktivnija pred-alpska područja, a u Hrvatskoj Istra u ljeto i južni Jadran tijekom jesenskih mjeseci. Neposredno prije ili za vrijeme OT-a te prije pojave tuče pri tlu opažen je nagli porast broja ukupnih električnih izboja, izmjerene su najviše amplitude struje i opažen porast srednje visine munja između i unutar oblaka.- Extended abstract in the dissertation (pp. ii-x)- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: University of Zagreb. Faculty of Science. Department of Geophysics. - Data provided by Europeana Collections- In this dissertation, the local similarity scaling approach was ...examined based on the multi-level measurements of atmospheric turbulence in the wintertime (December 2008 February 2009) stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) established over a heterogeneous surface influenced by mixed agricultural, industrial and forest surfaces. The 62 m tower (levels 20, 32, 40, 55 and 62 m above ground) was situated in the middle of some 120 m × 480 m area of hc = 18 m high walnut trees. The heterogeneity of the surface was characterized by spatial variability of both roughness and topography. In a first step local similarity theory in terms of flux-variance and flux-gradient relationships was investigated. Nieuwstadts local scaling approach was found to be suitable for the representation of all three wind velocity components. The roughness sublayer (RSL) influenced wind variances, and consequently the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and correlation coefficients at the lowest measurement level, but not the wind shear profile. After removing data points associated with the flux Richardson number (Rf) greater than 0.25, the observations support the classical linear expressions for the dimensionless wind shear (phim) even over inhomogeneous terrain. Leveling-off of phim at higher values of stability parameter was found to be a result of the large number of data characterized by small-scale turbulence (Rf > 0.25). Deviations from linear expressions were shown to be mainly due to small-scale turbulence rather than due to the surface heterogeneities, supporting the universality of the linear relationship. Additionally, the flux-gradient dependence on stability did not show different behavior for different wind regimes, indicating that the stability parameter is a sufficient predictor for flux-gradient relationships. Data followed the local z-less scaling for phim when the prerequisite Rfless than or equal to0.25 was imposed. Further investigations focused on the combined influence of the RSL found above tall vegetation and the internal boundary layer (IBL) on the turbulence spectral characteristics and TKE budget. The traditional surface layer scaling was tested against the canopy scaling, which is generally valid for the RSL. It was found that canopy scaling can be successfully applied even within the transition layer. For the present complex site local isotropy was not found. Vertical velocity spectra were smaller than horizontal spectra. Similarly, dissipation rates (epsilon) determined only from vertical spectra were smaller than epsilon estimates based on horizontal components. Therefore, it was necessary to normalize vertical wind speed spectra with phiepsilonw in order to get good correspondence with the Kansas spectral models. Extending the analysis to the Olesen approach, applied for the first time to the SBL over heterogeneous terrain, normalized spectra collapsed to one single curve. Finally, analyzing the budget terms of the TKE equation, non-equilibrium conditions were found. The non-local dynamics are considered to be the main reason for the observed imbalance of TKE in the transition layer as well as for the observed breakdown of z-less regime in the strongly stable conditions above heterogeneous surface. In the RSL, the turbulent transport of TKE above vegetated canopies is considered to be the main cause of the observed TKE imbalance in the neutral conditions. A less systematic behavior of the residual term was observed indicating that the advection term has more pronounced influence on the RSL than the upper levels.- In this dissertation, the local similarity scaling approach was examined based on the multi-level measurements of atmospheric turbulence in the wintertime (December 2008 February 2009) stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) established over a heterogeneous surface influenced by mixed agricultural, industrial and forest surfaces. The 62 m tower (levels 20, 32, 40, 55 and 62 m above ground) was situated in the middle of some 120 m × 480 m area of hc = 18 m high walnut trees. The heterogeneity of the surface was characterized by spatial variability of both roughness and topography. In a first step local similarity theory in terms of flux-variance and flux-gradient relationships was investigated. Nieuwstadts local scaling approach was found to be suitable for the representation of all three wind velocity components. The roughness sublayer (RSL) influenced wind variances, and consequently the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and correlation coefficients at the lowest measurement level, but not the wind shear profile. After removing data points associated with the flux Richardson number (Rf) greater than 0.25, the observations support the classical linear expressions for the dimensionless wind shear (phim) even over inhomogeneous terrain. Leveling-off of phim at higher values of stability parameter was found to be a result of the large number of data characterized by small-scale turbulence (Rf > 0.25). Deviations from linear expressions were shown to be mainly due to small-scale turbulence rather than due to the surface heterogeneities, supporting the universality of the linear relationship. Additionally, the flux-gradient dependence on stability did not show different behavior for different wind regimes, indicating that the stability parameter is a sufficient predictor for flux-gradient relationships. Data followed the local z-less scaling for phim when the prerequisite Rfless than or equal to0.25 was imposed. Further investigations focused on the combined influence of the RSL found above tall vegetation and the internal boundary layer (IBL) on the turbulence spectral characteristics and TKE budget. The traditional surface layer scaling was tested against the canopy scaling, which is generally valid for the RSL. It was found that canopy scaling can be successfully applied even within the transition layer. For the present complex site local isotropy was not found. Vertical velocity spectra were smaller than horizontal spectra. Similarly, dissipation rates (epsilon) determined only from vertical spectra were smaller than epsilon estimates based on horizontal components. Therefore, it was necessary to normalize vertical wind speed spectra with phiepsilonw in order to get good correspondence with the Kansas spectral models. Extending the analysis to the Olesen approach, applied for the first time to the SBL over heterogeneous terrain, normalized spectra collapsed to one single curve. Finally, analyzing the budget terms of the TKE equation, non-equilibrium conditions were found. The non-local dynamics are considered to be the main reason for the observed imbalance of TKE in the transition layer as well as for the observed breakdown of z-less regime in the strongly stable conditions above heterogeneous surface. In the RSL, the turbulent transport of TKE above vegetated canopies is considered to be the main cause of the observed TKE imbalance in the neutral conditions. A less systematic behavior of the residual term was observed indicating that the advection term has more pronounced influence on the RSL than the upper levels.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
More je čovjeku uvijek bilo velika tajna. Nepredvidljivo je, puno iznenađenja, pa je ljudima koji žive uza nj i znaju sve njegove čudi, dobre i zle, pobuđivalo strah i osjećaj bespomoćnosti da se tim ...užasnim stihijama djelotvorno opru. Tajnovite morske dubine, pogibeljne nevere, orkanski vjetrovi, tihe bonace, hrabri pomorci i njihova daleka putovanja, vješti ribari i njihovi bogati ulovi, bili su inspiracija mnogim pučkim predajama, pričama, legendama o morskim zmijama, o čudovišnim hobotnicama, o morskom „čoviku i ženi“, o sirenama, o ukletim brodovima, o „barki karonte“ koja prevozi duše umrlih, o čudesnoj pomoći svetaca pomorcima, o jednookim ljudožderima, o brodolomcima koji zbog gladi odluče pojesti svoga druga, o vragu koji služi kao mornar na brodu, o golemoj ribi-otoku, pa o morskim vješticama, macićima, tintilinima, orku i dr. Naši su stari i mnoge prirodne pojave vezane uz more tumačili na svoj način i po njima predviđali kako će biti vrijeme, pa je i pučka meteorologija dio naša kulturne baštine kao i razne uzrečice, poslovice, kletve, molitvice, rugalice i slično.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain ...Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Metasedimentne stijene Medvednice, koje se nalaze na prostoru Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubijske zone, zabilježile su nekoliko faza ...deformacija od kojih je najintenzivnija uzrokovala metamorfizam unutar facijesa zelenih škriljavaca. U radu su obrađene litostratigrafske jedinice Stari potok, Slani potok, Risnjak i Vila Rebar. Posebna pozornost je posvećena kloritoidnom škriljavcu iz jedinice Stari potok. Napravljene su petrografske i geokemijske analize (XRD, ICP-MS). Uvjeti metamorfizma određivani su pomoću geotermometara za klorit i parove klorit-kloritoid te geobarometara za muskovit (fengit). Konstruiran je dijagram pseudopresjeka za uzorak kloritoidnog škriljavca, izoplete udjela Mg u kloritu i kloritoidu te izoplete Si u muskovitu (fengit). Starost progradne faze metamorfizma izmjerena je na monacitima (EMP), pri čemu je dobivena starost srednje do gornje jure (153 ± 6,9 Ma). Mjerenje sadržaja izotopa U-Th-Pb napravljeno je na zajednici detritnih cirkona pomoću LA-ICP-MC-MS-a. Dobiveni starosni podaci cirkona dali su vrijednosti koje su grupirane u devet podgrupa, unutar šest starosnih grupa. Na temelju najmlađe starosne podgrupe cirkona procijenjena je maksimalna starost taloženja. Iz petrografskih analiza na uzorcima metasedimenata litostratigrafskih jedinica Stari potok, Risnjak, Vila Rebar i Slani potok, utvrđena je metamorfna mineralna asocijacija koju čine kvarc, bijeli tinjac, klorit, ± albit, ± biotit, ± kloritoid, ± turmalin, ± monacit, ± ksenotim, ± apatit. Sačuvani akcesorni detritarni minerali su cirkon i rutil. Mineralna asocijacija ukazuje na nizak stupanj metamorfizma unutar facijesa zelenih škriljavaca. Geokemijski podaci sugeriraju da su protoliti istraživanih metasedimentnih stijena uglavnom bili srednje do intenzivno trošeni zreli sedimenti, nastali taloženjem nakon trošenja stijena pretežito granitoidnog sastava, ugrađenih u vulkanski luk.- Metasedimentary rocks from Mt. Medvednica, located in Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone, had undergone multiphase deformation history. The most intense deformation phase is manifested by the most intense metamorphic phase, which reached greenschist metamorphic facies. This thesis investigated Stari potok, Slani potok, Risnjak and Vila Rebar lithostratigraphic units, with special attention given to the occurrence of chloritoid schist in Stari potok unit. Petrographic and geochemical analysis were conducted (XRD, ICP-MS). Metamorphic conditions were investigated with geothermometers for chlorite and pairs of chlorite-chloritoid, while geobarometric conditions were calculated on muscovite (phengite). Pseudosection diagram, isopleths of XMg in chlorite and chloritoid, as well as XSi in muscovite (phengite) were modeled using software package PerpleX. Late Jurassic (153 ± 6.9 Ma) metamorphic age was determined based on sinmetamorphic monazite grains analysis. Ratios of U/Th/Pb from detrital zircon grains were measured on LA-ICP-MC-MS, resulting in recognition of nine subgroups within six detrital zircon age groups. Youngest subgroup of detrital zircons gave insight into deposition time of the protolith sediment. Petrographic analysis of metasediment samples of litostratigraphic units Stari potok, Slani potok, Risnjak and Vila Rebar indicated metamorphic mineral association of quartz, white micas, chlorite, ± albite, ± biotite, ± chloritoide, ± turmaline, ± monazite, ± xenotime, ± apatite. Accessory mineral phases are zircons and rutile. Mineral association is typical for low greenschist metamorphic facies. Geochemical data indicate that protolith sediments were mature, middle to intensively weathered sediments, produced by deposition after weathering of mainly volcanic arc granitoid rocks.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Sedimentological, macro- and micropaleontological analyses on sediment cores were carried out in the lower section of the Mirna and ...Neretva River valleys, in order to study depositional facies and environmental evolution during Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The Holocene marine transgression reached river valleys several kilometers upstream from the present-day coast, while in the last 7000 – 6000 years it was followed by progradation of the Mirna and Neretva intra-estuarine deltas. Sediment cores recorded these changes and each depositional environment contains distinctive sedimentary characteristics and fossil assemblages which reflect conditions in which sedimentation and life were occurring. This study highlights the potential role of hand augering in sampling and describing the subsoil for reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the area and supporting the study of past relative sea levels, climate changes, and impact of anthropogenic activities.- Sedimentološke, makro-paleontološke i mikro-paleontološke analize radile su se na sedimentnim jezgrama izvađenim iz deltnih ravnica rijeka Mirne i Neretve, s ciljem da se prouče i rekonstruiraju taložni facijesi i evolucija okoliša tijekom mlađeg pleistocena i holocena. Transgresija u holocenu dosegnula je uzvodno u riječne doline nekoliko kilometara od današnje obalne linije, a u posljednjih 7000-6000 godina uslijedila je progradacija delti u estuarijima rijeka Mirne i Neretve. Sedimentne jezgre sadrže zapis tih promjena, a svaki taložni okoliš sadrži karakteristične sedimentne značajke i fosilne zajednice koje odražavaju uvjete u kojima se odvijala sedimentacija i život. Ovo istraživanje naglašava potencijalnu ulogu ručnog uzorkovanja jezgri u opisivanju sedimenata, u svrhu rekonstrukcije geomorfološke evolucije područja i upotpunjava znanje o promjenama relativne razine mora, klime i utjecaja antropogenih aktivnosti.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- U radu je opisan kemijski i mineralni sastav te je utvrđena starost i porijeklo tufova koji su tijekom
miocena taloženi na prostoru ...Sjevernohrvatskog bazena, smještenog u južnom dijelu Panonskog bazenskog
sustava. Osim toga, analiziran je fosilni sadržaj u naslagama iz neposredne podine i krovine tufa. Analizirani
tufovi s područja Banovine, Medvednice, Moslavine i Slavonije primarno su bili riolitnog do tefrifonolitnog
sastava, a naknadno su dijelom ili u potpunosti alterirani u smektite i heulandit. Vulkanska aktivnost najvećim
se dijelom odvijala tijekom sin-riftne faze razvoja bazena. Prema rezultatima datiranja 40Ar*/39Ar metodom
na sanidinima, najintenzivnija je bila u razdoblju od 17-14,4 Ma odnosno tijekom karpata, te donjeg i srednjeg
badena. Po prvi puta zabilježena je, znatno slabija, vulkanska aktivnost u postriftnoj fazi razvoja bazena,
krajem sarmata, prije oko 12 Ma. Prema klasifikacijskim dijagramima temeljenima na kemijskom sastavu
tufova, izvorište piroklastičnog materijala bio je aktivni kontinentalni rub koji je najvjerojatnije bio smješten
na prostoru Istočnih Karpata. Fosilna zajednica foraminifera, ostrakoda, nanoplanktona i palinomorfa
pokazala je da su tufovi stariji od 15,1 Ma taloženi u slatkovodnim ili bočatim jezerskim okolišima, a oni
datirani na 14,8 do 14,4 Ma u marinskim okolišima. Time je je marinska transgresija u Sjevernohrvatskom
bazenu, ranije uglavnom smještena na početak karpata, pomaknuta na približno 15 Ma, tj. na granicu donjeg
i srednjeg badena.- Tuffs have been deposited during the Miocene in the North Croatian Basin which is located in the
southern part of the Pannonian Basin System. In this thesis chemical and mineral composition of the tuffs as
well as their age and origin were determined. In addition, the fossil content was analyzed in the underlying
and overlying beds of the tuffs. Based on chemical composition tuffs have been classified as neutral
(tephriphonolite) to acid (riolite). In most tuffs volcanic glass was partially or completely altered to clay
minerals (smectite) or in some cases zeolites (heulandite). During the sin-rift phase of basin development
volcanic activity was at its peak. According to the results of the 40Ar*/39Ar dating on sanidine, the most
intensive period of volcanic activity was during the Karpatian and the Early and Middle Badenian (17 – 14.4
Ma). For the first time, the volcanic activity in the post-rift stage of the development of the basin has been
recorded at the end of Sarmatian ~ 12 Ma ago. Based on the content of immobile trace elements the source
of the pyroclastic material was placed on an active continental margin, most probably located in the Eastern
Carpathians area. The fossil assemblage of foraminifera, ostracods, nannoplankton and palinomorphs has
shown that the tuffs older than 15.1 Ma were deposited in freshwater or brackish lake environments, and
those dated from 14.8 to 14.4 Ma in marine environments. Older studies place the onset of the marine
sedimentation in Karpatian time, while this study suggests it should be moved to the Early/Middle Badenian
boundary.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Analiziran je prostor Bjelovarske subdepresije na lokalnoj (polje Šandrovac) i regionalnoj razini (cijela subdepresija). Ulazni ...podatci bile su dubine EK granice Pt/Tg i EK markera Rs7, Rs5, Z', Δ i D'. Statistički je analizirano više od sedamsto podataka očitanih s pravilne mreže kojom su prekrivene postojeće paleostrukturne karte, s ćelijama veličine 2x2 km. Kartirano je metodama Thiessenovih poligona (program SAGA GIS) i krigiranja (Surfer). Poligonalna, tj. zonalna procjena uporabljena je kao jednostavna i brza metoda prikaza dubina. Krigiranje je dalo znatno bolje regionalne karte. Obično krigiranje je dokazano u većini slučajeva kao najbolja moguća interpolacija podataka dubine (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' i D'), uz najmanje vrijednosti krosvalidacije. Njome su interpolirane karte debljina formacija iz kojih su reinterpretirani neogensko-kvartarni okoliši. Nadalje, unutar pojedinačnih struktura, tehnika univerzalnoga krigiranja određena je kao najprimjerenija interpolacijska metoda, jer je samo u takvim slučajevima bilo moguće izdvojiti jasan linearni trend u pružanju i dubinama promatrane strukture.- The area of Bjelovar subdepression was analyzed at the local (Šandrovac Field) and regional level (the entire subdepression). Input data were depths of Pt/Tg e-log border and Rs7, Rs5, Z’, Δ and D' e-log markers. More than seven hundred data were statistically analyzed. The data were collected in a regular grid that covers the existing paleostructural maps, with cells 2x2 km in size. Mapping was carried out using Thiessen polygon method (program SAGA GIS) and Kriging (Surfer). The polygonal, i.e. the zonal assessment was used as a simple and fast method for displaying depths. Kriging gave significantly better regional maps. Ordinary Kriging has been proved in most cases to be the best possible interpolation of depth data (Pt/Tg, Rs7, Z' and D'), with the lowest cross-validation values. It was used for interpolation of formation thickness maps from which Neogene-Quaternary environments were reinterpreted. Furthermore, within the individual structures, Universal Kriging technique is determined as the most appropriate interpolation method, because it was only possible in such cases to extract a clear linear trend in extent and depths of the observed structure.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Klastični sedimenti poznati kao Viviparus slojevi predstavljaju posljednju fazu jezerske sedimentacije u južnom dijelu PBS-a. ...Stratigrafski pripadaju pliocenu, a taloženi su unutar kata cernik u vremenskom rasponu od 4,5 – 2 milijuna godina. Na prostoru Vukomeričkih gorica, gdje su površinski najrasprostranjeniji, dokazano je taloženje donjih i gornjih Viviparus slojeva. Analizom facijesa i fosilnog sadržaja utvrđeno je da se njihovo taloženje odvijalo u plitkom slatkovodnom jezerskom i aluvijalnom okolišu. Donji Viviparus slojevi diskonformni su na miocensku podlogu, pripadaju zoni Viviparus kochanskyae i taloženi su u vrijeme umjereno tople i vlažne klime s izraženim sezonskim oscilacijama sezonalnošću. Gornji Viviparus slojevi taloženi su u uvjetima pliocenskog klimatskog optimuma, bez izražene sezonalnosti, a pripadaju zoni Viviparus hoernesi. Međusobno ispreplitanje jezerskih i aluvijalnih okoliša ukazuje na oscilacije razine vode uz zapadni rub tadašnjeg jezera Slavonija, a izostanak srednjih Viviparus slojeva pokazatelj je smanjenja površine jezera, odnosno jake regresije u srednjem cerniku. Modalni i kemijski sastav klastičnog detritusa ukazuje na njegovo dominantno podrijetlo iz starijih sedimentnih i kiselih magmatskih stijena čija su izvorišta bila lokalno izdignuta gorja i pretaloženi gornjomiocenski materijal alpske provenijencije.- Clastic sediments known as Viviparus beds represent the last phase of lacustrine sedimentation in the southern part of Pannonian Basin System. Based on stratigraphy they belong to the Pliocene epoch, within time period from 4.5 to 2 Ma as a part of the Cernikian stage. In the area of Vukomeričke gorice two stratigraphic horizons have been detected, Lower Viviparus beds and Upper Viviparus beds. Facies analysis and fossil content have shown that the deposition of these freshwater sediments occured in predominantly shallow lacustrine and alluvial environment. The Lower Viviparus beds lay disconformly on Miocene sediments, they belong to the Viviparus kochanskyae zone and they are deposited in the moderately warm and humid climate with strong seasonality. Upper Viviparus beds, belonging to Viviparus hoernesy zone, were deposited under conditions of the Pliocene climate optimum, without strong seasonality. Alternation of lacustrine and alluvial environment indicates the fluctuations of water level along the western edge of the former lake Slavonia while the absence of middle Viviparus beds suggests a decrease in the lake’s surface or its regression in the Middle Cernikian. Modal and chemical composition of clastic detritus indicates that it originates from the older sedimentary rocks as well as predominantley acidic igneous rocks whose source were locally raised mountains and resedimented material of Alpine provenance from Upper Miocene.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
