The Scandal of Kabbalah is the first book about the origins of a culture war that began in early modern Europe and continues to this day: the debate between kabbalists and their critics on the nature ...of Judaism and the meaning of religious tradition. From its medieval beginnings as an esoteric form of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah spread throughout the early modern world and became a central feature of Jewish life. Scholars have long studied the revolutionary impact of Kabbalah, but, as Yaacob Dweck argues, they have misunderstood the character and timing of opposition to it.
Geographical origin and authenticity of food are topics of interest for both consumers and producers. Among the different indicators used for traceability studies, n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) isotopic ratio has ...provided excellent results. In this study, the production chains of the balsamic vinegars of the Modena province, the Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena (ABTM) and the industrially made Aceto Balsamico di Modena (ABM) were investigated by using the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) indicator.
The geographical origin of the starting raw materials for the ABM production was investigated, as well as the variability of ABM samples of different production years, namely 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2014. The results show no significant variability among ABM samples of different production years and highlight the possibility to distinguish this product from the ABTM. Furthermore, the investigated indicator also confirms an objective link of the food with its starting raw material and the territory of origin of the grapes, assessing the discriminating power of n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio for geographical traceability studies.
•The ratio n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) does not change along the ABTM batteria.•The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) of ABTM samples are coherent with the soil values of the territory of origin.•The n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) of ABM reflects the mixing ratio between the starting raw materials.•ABTM and ABM can be statistically differentiated on the base of the n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) ratio.
Balsamic vinegar of Modena (BVM) and traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena (TBVM) are highly appreciated typical Italian products. The quality control and authentication assurance of both these ...balsamic vinegars are very important topics. In the recent years, the interest to develop new and standardized analytical procedures, able to further enhance the quality and commercial value of these typical and unique products and to preserve them from possible sophistications and adulterations, is increased. In this work, 76 samples of both BVM and TBVM were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate data analysis. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), general discriminant analysis (GDA) and classification tree analysis (CTA). The best and very promising model was obtained by a GDA which shows 98.6% of total variance explained by the first canonical function and a predictive capacity of 98.4% with a good separation between clusters. The signals of 5-HMF, α-glucopyranose, malic acid, succinic and acetic acids and the signal at 3.3 ppm were found to be the most statistically significant variables.
•Balsamic and Traditional Balsamic vinegars of Modena were analyzed by 1H NMR.•Spectral data were analyzed by chemometric techniques.•NMR and statistics are powerful tools in balsamic vinegars characterization.•A model able to classify the samples was obtained.
This work aimed to compare targeted and untargeted approaches based on NMR data for the construction of classification models for Traditional Balsamic Vinegar of Modena (TBVM) and Balsamic Vinegar of ...Modena (BVM). Their complexity in terms of composition makes the authentication of these products difficult, which requires the employment of several time-consuming analytical methods. Here, sup.1 H-NMR spectroscopy was selected as the analytical method for the analysis of TVBM and BVM due to its rapidity and efficacy in food authentication. sup.1 H-NMR spectra of old (>12 years) and extra-old (>25 years) TVBM and BVM (>60 days) and aged (>3 years) BVM were acquired, and targeted and untargeted approaches were used for building unsupervised and supervised multivariate statistical modes. Targeted and untargeted approaches were based on quantitative results of peculiar compounds present in vinegar obtained through qNMR, and all spectral variables, respectively. Several classification models were employed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) demonstrated sensitivity and specificity percentages higher than 85% for both approaches. The most important discriminating variables were glucose, fructose, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The untargeted approach proved to be the most promising strategy for the construction of LDA models of authentication for TVBM and BVM due to its easier applicability, rapidity, and slightly higher predictive performance. The proposed method for authenticating TBVM and BVM could be employed by Italian producers for safeguarding their valuable products.
Nel dopoguerra modenese l'Istituto Ferrarini inizia la sua fase terminale, e la sua biblioteca popolare non riesce a stare al passo e perde utenti. Contemporaneamente inizia l'attività dell'Istituto ...storico, che darà vita a una biblioteca di storia contemporanea. Le due biblioteche, che hanno carattere molto diverso, si incontrano una prima volta negli anni Ottanta con una cessione di libri di storia, e infine nel 2017 col totale passaggio del patrimonio ex Ferrarini all'Istituto storico.
•UV–vis spectroscopy was used for grape-must caramel quantification in vinegars.•Balsamic and PDO vinegars’ grape-must caramel content was predicted.•Univariate and multivariate calibration ...approaches were assessed and compared.•Prediction results were compared with those obtained by other spectroscopies.•The results encourage UV–vis as an alternative tool for monitoring caramel addition.
The addition of E-150d caramel, known as grape-must caramel in vinegars, is a legal but without limitation practice in Spanish wine vinegars, as those with a protected designation of origin (PDO), for unifying the final colour of different batches and barrels. It is also used in the production of ‘Balsamic vinegar of Modena’ vinegars, with a maximum addition fixed at 2% v/v by law. Although its quantification in vinegars was studied by other techniques, there is still not any official method for it. Therefore, UV–vis spectroscopy was assessed as a quick analytical method able to quantify grape-must caramel in Balsamic vinegars of Modena and Spanish PDO wine vinegars. Univariate and multivariate calibrations were assessed for this quantification. Results demonstrated the ability of UV–vis spectroscopy coupled with multivariate calibration in the quantification of grape-must caramel, predicting caramel amounts under 2% v/v in both Balsamic and PDO wine vinegars.
Segni, Julio Mischiati, Oscar
MGG Online,
11/2016
Reference
*1498 in Modena, †23. Juli 1561 in Rom, Instrumentalist. Segni wuchs unter der umsichtigen Führung seines Onkels Don Gaspar da Signa in Modena auf, erhielt Gesangunterricht bei Bidon da Asti ...(Antoni...
On the 14th of April 2022, during a periodic bird monitoring activity in a wetland area located in the municipality of Mirandola (Moedna), Northern Italy, a breeding pair of Pied Avocets ...Recurvirostra avosetta, were recorded along with chicks aged approximately 2/3 days old. This is clearly a case of extremely early breeding seeing as, in Italy, Pied Avocets lay eggs from late April to June, based on adequate weather and environmental conditions. As for this specific case, an estimated cause of such anticipated breeding may be the previous very mild Winter months with little rainfall as well as the breeding ground offering shelter from predators.
A multi-scale modelling system was developed to provide hourly NOx concentration fields at a building-resolving scale in the urban area of Modena, a city in the middle of the Po Valley (Italy), one ...of the most polluted areas in Europe. The WRF-Chem model was applied over three nested domains and employed with the aim of reproducing local background concentrations, taking into account meteorological and chemical transformation at the regional scale with nested resolutions of 15 km, 3 km and 1 km. Conversely, the PMSS modelling system was applied to simulate 3D air pollutant dispersion, due to traffic emissions, with a very high-resolution (4 m) on a 6 km × 6 km domain covering the city of Modena.
The methodology employed to account for anthropogenic emissions relies on two different strategies. Traffic emissions were based on a bottom-up approach using emission factors suggested by the European Environmental Agency with traffic fluxes estimated by the PTV VISUM model in the urban area of Modena, combined with direct traffic flow measurements performed between October 28 and November 8, 2016 which was used for the hourly vehicle modulation. Other anthropogenic emissions were taken from the TNO-MACC III inventory at the scales resolved by the WRF-Chem model. Simulations were performed for the same period whereby the traffic measurement campaign was carried out.
2 m temperature and 10 m wind speed were captured quite well by the WRF-Chem model with statistical metrics in line with similar case studies related to the Northern Italy. The NOx concentrations reproduced in the Po Valley area by WRF-Chem were on average simulated reasonably well with a general negative bias in almost all the examined rural background monitoring stations. Additionally, the deployment of an emission inventory at the original resolution (7 km) highlighted that increasing resolution from 3 km to 1 km does not generally improve the model performance.
Nevertheless, simulated and observed NOx hourly concentrations in the urban area of Modena exhibit a large agreement in particular for urban traffic site where detailed traffic emission estimations proved to be very successful in reproducing the observed NOx trend. At urban background stations, despite a general underestimation of the observed concentrations, the combination of WRF-Chem with PMSS provided daily pattern in line with observations. The analysis of the modelled NOx daily cycle pointed out also that at both traffic and background urban stations the morning NOx peak concentration was on average underestimated. This could be explained with an overestimation of mixing phenomena between 07:30 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. by WRF-Chem which leads to a greater dispersion of NOx along the vertical and thus a morning underestimation.
The statistical analysis showed finally that PMSS combined with WRF-Chem at both the resolutions (3 km and 1 km) and at both traffic and background sites fulfilled standard acceptance criteria for urban dispersion model evaluation, confirming that the proposed multi-modelling system can be employed as a tool to support environmental policies, epidemiological studies and urban mobility planning.
A hybrid modeling system composed by the WRF-Chem model and the Parallel Micro SWIFT and SPRAY modelling suite was employed to estimate urban NOx concentrations at very high resolution (4m) in a real case study. Results show that the modeling system provides good accuracy in reproducing observations, particularly at the traffic reference site. Model performances are also compliant with validation criteria at both the urban traffic and the urban background reference stations. Display omitted
•Application of a multi-scale approach to estimate urban NOx level.•Tailored traffic emissions by the combination of direct measurements and simulation.•Model performances for NOx fulfill the acceptance criteria for urban environments.•Better description of NOx in urban traffic than in urban background conditions.
Balsamic vinegar of Modena (ABM) is a product obtained from concentrated grape must with the addition of wine vinegar. It can be adulterated with the addition of exogenous water. The official method ...EN16466-3, based on the analysis of the stable isotope ratio δ 18O of the water, is not applicable to ABM with high density (above 1.20 at 20 °C). In this work, for the first time, the official method was modified, providing for a prior dilution of the sample and applying a correction of the data in order to eliminate the isotopic contribution of the diluent, whereupon the within- and between-day standard deviations of repeatability (Sr) were estimated. Considering the limit values of δ 18O for vinegar and concentrated must, the threshold limit of δ 18O, below which the ABM product can be considered adulterated, has been identified.
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