•Urban sustainability is analyzed by scrutinizing 2847 indicators.•A novel approach linking indicators to SDGs, STEEP and MONET frameworks is proposed.•Current issues and gaps in urban sustainability ...indicator sets are elicited.•The most frequently used indicators are identified and discussed.•Seven key lessons are proposed for selecting urban sustainability indicators.
Today, the centrality of cities in the global sustainability challenge is widely acknowledged, and numerous initiatives have been developed worldwide for monitoring and comparing the sustainability performance of urban areas. However, the escalating abundance of indicators makes it difficult to understand what really counts in urban sustainability and how to properly select the most suitable indicators. By methodically collecting and mapping the diversity of available indicators, our work aims to elucidate the emphases, as well as the gaps, that exist in the way urban sustainability is currently translated into metrics, and to draw instructive lessons to support the development of future indicator sets. Representing the most comprehensive study ever performed in the field, this analysis relies on both an innovative research approach entailing multi- and cross-typological systematic analysis of indicators and an extensive data sample comprising 67 indicator sets (for a total of 2847 indicators) from academia and practice. The findings highlight the most frequent indicators in urban sustainability measurement initiatives, and demonstrate the prominence of social issues (e.g., quality of life, access to services, consumer behaviour, employment) and to a lesser extent, of environmental stakes. In contrast, urban sustainability indicator sets generally pay marginal attention to political questions (e.g., participation, policies, institutional settings), gender issues and distributional concerns. From a systemic point of view, the analysis reveals the strong emphasis placed on the status of actual and potential resources as well as the satisfaction of current needs. The study further highlights seven key lessons on how to deal with three typical tensions faced during indicator selection processes: (i) parsimony vs. comprehensiveness; (ii) context-specificity vs. general comparability; and (iii) complexity vs. simplicity. The directly implementable recommendations proposed herein will support both scholars and practitioners in the design of future urban sustainability measurement initiatives.
In 1809--the year of Charles Darwin's birth--Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published Philosophie zoologique, the first comprehensive and systematic theory of biological evolution. The Lamarckian approach ...emphasizes the generation of developmental variations; Darwinism stresses selection. Lamarck's ideas were eventually eclipsed by Darwinian concepts, especially after the emergence of the Modern Synthesis in the twentieth century. The different approaches--which can be seen as complementary rather than mutually exclusive--have important implications for the kinds of questions biologists ask and for the type of research they conduct. Lamarckism has been evolving--or, in Lamarckian terminology, transforming--since Philosophie zoologique's description of biological processes mediated by "subtle fluids." Essays in this book focus on new developments in biology that make Lamarck's ideas relevant not only to modern empirical and theoretical research but also to problems in the philosophy of biology. Contributors discuss the historical transformations of Lamarckism from the 1820s to the 1940s, and the different understandings of Lamarck and Lamarckism; the Modern Synthesis and its emphasis on Mendelian genetics; theoretical and experimental research on such "Lamarckian" topics as plasticity, soft (epigenetic) inheritance, and individuality; and the importance of a developmental approach to evolution in the philosophy of biology. The book shows the advantages of a "Lamarckian" perspective on evolution. Indeed, the development-oriented approach it presents is becoming central to current evolutionary studies--as can be seen in the burgeoning field of Evo-Devo. Transformations of Lamarckism makes a unique contribution to this research.
L’œuvre de Monet « Impression soleil levant », datée de 1872, peut-elle être considérée comme la première manifestation picturale de l’entrée de l’Humanité dans l’Anthropocène ? La question mérite ...d’être posée dans la mesure où le peintre paraît souligner davantage les effets de la pollution industrialo-portuaire que les simples effets de lumière d’un soleil levant dans la brume. La toile qui a donné naissance au courant de l’impressionnisme en marquant fortement les esprits lors de sa première exposition, au demeurant à l’instar de « la petite danseuse de Degas », relève davantage de l’esquisse réaliste, peut-être d’une prise de conscience du citoyen Monet peu de temps après son voyage à Londres (1870).
La malédiction de Giverny Adeline Clerc-Florimond; Lylette Lacôte-Gabrysiak
Communication,
07/2020, Letnik:
37, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Giverny is a Norman village that for more than forty-three years (1883 to 1926) was the principal residence of leading Impressionist painter Claude Monet. Giverny is presented as an extraordinary ...creation of a great artist; it is imbued with an idealized, romantic image that feeds the myth of an enchanted garden that everyone must go see. The authors examine the reality of a place torn between tourism development and the welfare of its residents. It’s undoubtedly a place to see, but is it a place to live?
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