The aim of this study was to assess the risk of human exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) through agricultural soil by considering both uncertainty and variability in key exposure ...parameters. For this reason we collected soil samples from 29 locations in the Tuzla Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and measured their metal levels with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission or absorption spectrometry (ICP-AES and ICP-AAS, respectively). The levels of Pb ranged from 13.33 to 1692.33 mg/kg, of Cd from 0.05 to 3.67 mg/kg, and of Hg from 0.02 to 2.73 mg/kg. To estimate cancer and non-cancer risks we used deterministic and semi-probabilistic methods. Lead was found to involve higher health risk than the other two heavy metals. Its hazard index (HI) decreased between population groups (children>women>men) and exposure routes (ingestion>skin contact>inhalation). Our Monte Carlo simulations indicated that Pb HIs for both adult populations had a 0.6 % probability to exceed the threshold value of 1, while in children this probability was 14.2 %. Cd and Hg showed no probability to exceed the threshold in any scenario. Our simulation results raise concern about possible adverse health effects of heavy metals from soil, especially in children. It is very important to continue monitoring environmental pollution and assess human health risk, not only with respect to soil, but also with other important environmental compartments, such as air and water.
Unatoč činjenici da na Zagrebačkoj burzi dosad nije zaživjela trgovina izvedenicama, važno je naglasiti da se na europskim tržištima kapitala već nekoliko godina trguje varantima i turbo ...certifikatima koji za temeljnu imovinu imaju hrvatske dionice i indeks CROBEX. Postavlja se pitanje kako vrednovati takve vrijednosne papire? Za uspješno vrednovanje izvedenica financijski stručnjaci moraju podrobno poznavati njihova svojstva, svojstva temeljne imovine i modele i numeričke metode koje se mogu primijeniti za njihovo vrednovanje. Varanti i turbo certifikati koji kotiraju na europskim burzama sa stajališta vrednovanja imaju svojstva opcija. Budući da je do danas razvijeno više od šezdeset modela za vrednovanje različitih tipova opcija, čest je slučaj da se pri vrednovanju opcija primjenjuju neprikladni matematički alati. Stoga je cilj ovog rada prikazati metodologiju koju bi financijski stručnjaci morali primjenjivati prilikom vrednovanja opcija i razvijeni model temeljen na prikazanoj metodologiji primijeniti u vrednovanju varanata i turbo certifikata s temeljnom imovinom s hrvatskoga tržišta kapitala.
PDF
