Average daily data of solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed and air temperature from 1980 to 2008 are used to estimate the daily reference evapotranspiration in the Mosul City, North of ...Iraq. ETo calculator software with the Penman Monteith method standardized by the Food and Agriculture Organization is used for calculations. Further, a nonlinear regression approach using SPSS Statistics is utilized to drive the daily reference evapotranspiration relationships in which ETo is function to one or more of the average daily air temperature, actual daily sunshine duration, measured wind speed at 2m height and relative humidity.
The Status of Mosul Dam, NW of Iraq Varoujan K. Sissakian; Nasrat Adamo; Nadhir Al-Ansari ...
UKH journal of science and engineering,
12/2021, Letnik:
5, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Mosul Dam is located in the northwestern part of Iraq impounding the Tigris River; about 60 km north of Mosul city. This project is multipurpose project; to provide water for irrigation, flood ...control and hydropower generation. The dam is 113 m high and 3650 m long including the spillway. The dam is earth fill type with a mud core. The dam was designed to impound 11.11 km3 because it is based and underlain by gypsum beds alternated with limestone and marl. Therefore, it is planned to use continuous grouting to fill the karst caverns. The used quantity exceeded 95000 tons of solid grouting materials since 1986 up to 2014. After all, is the dam safe? The details are given in the current article.
Bu makale, devlet inşası ve sınır çizme faaliyetlerinin doǧasının analizinde kullanılmak üzere "ara barış" ve "sürdürülebilir barış" şeklinde bir kavram çifti önermektedir. Makalede, 20. yüzyılın ...başlarındaki Musul Vilayeti meselesinin tarihî ve hukukî öyküsü, barışın sürdürülebilirliǧinin/sürdürülemezliǧinin şartlarını yansıtan bir vaka çalışması olarak incelenecektir. Sözkonusu dönemde, tahkim kararlarının ilgili taraflarca aktif direniş gösterilmeden basitçe kabul edilmesi, rıza askeri tehdit altında alınmış olsa bile barışa ulaşmak için yeterli sayılmıştır. Bu nitelikteki ara barışın aksine, sürdürülebilir barış, yakın bir yıkım korkusundan baǧımsız olarak yapılan adil anlaşmalardan doǧar ve ihtilaf alanlarında yaşayan insanlar üzerindeki tahkim kararlarının uzun vadeli maliyetlerinin de dikkate alınmasını gerektirir. Bildiri boyunca, önce bu ikiz kavramlar tanıtılacak, daha sonra eşitsiz antlaşmalar tartışmalarının teorik kökenleri, Musul tahkimine yönelik eleştirilerin tarihî ve hukuki temelleri sunulacaktır. Çalışmanın argümanları, resmî belgelerin ve diǧer ilgili hukukî ve tarihî kaynakların kavramsal ve eleştirel yorumuna dayanmaktadır. Makalenin son bölümü, Musul Vilayeti'nde darbelerden, iç savaşlardan, işgallerden IŞİD'in yükselişine ve ötesine uzanan "geçici barış"ın kalıcı insanî maliyetlerinin hatırlatılmasına ayrılmıştır.
Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the nitrate ion concentration in drinking water and determine the potential health risks associated with nitrate contamination for ...humans. Methods: A total of 100 water samples were collected from ten sites, including the Dandan water supply station and adjacent residential neighborhoods on the right side of Mosul city between September 2021 and February 2022. Results: The results of the study revealed that the concentration of nitrate ions ranged between (0.95-3.614 mg/L). Based on the study’s results, all of the analyzed water samples fell within the international drinking water quality standards set by the World Health Organization. The concentrations of nitrate ions corresponded to low values of both chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ or QI), which ranged from 0.05162 to 0.18164 mg/kg/day and 0.03226 to 0.11357, respectively. Consequently, the hazard index (HI) for this study remained within safe limits for drinking water. The study also revealed that infants and individuals within the age group of 21 and older were the most susceptible to potential nitrate-related health risks, while the age group of 16 to 18 exhibited the lowest susceptibility to such risks. Conclusion: The study recommends the use of examined water for drinking due to its safe and healthy nitrate ion concentration. It further suggests the continuation of periodic assessments of drinking water supply stations to ensure ongoing consumer safety, as no potential health risks, including cancerous and non-cancerous risks, were identified.
A three-year-old ewe was received as a terminal stage animal for necropsy in the Teaching Veterinary Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Mosul, on 18/12/2018. The animal was ...carried alive from the Al-Fthilya region in the eastern north of Mosul and expired before hospitalization. Statement of the owner prevailed sudden deaths of healthy animals or a concise course of illness followed by respiratory distress and nervous manifestations and death at 14 mature animals within mortality rate reached 15.5% in the herd. Necropsy findings and histopathological analysis showed that encephalitis included hyperemic cortical blood vessels, severe perineuronal edema, microglial proliferation. The lungs revealed severe pulmonary edema and signs of peracute pneumonia. Liver sections demonstrated congested portal and central veins and lobular sinusoids with centrilobular coagulative degeneration. At the kidneys, we detected both glomerular and interstitial nephritis with severe tubular cell necrosis. We concluded a state of bacterial septic shock, suggesting Pasteurellosis as a probable etiologic factor from the symptoms and pathological examination. The case was reported, and laboratory tests were requested.
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) causes haemorrhagic disease in human beings with high mortality rate and it is typically asymptomatic in animals. Data for livestock exposure to CCHF and its ...risk in Mosul, Iraq are scarce. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the sero-prevalence of CCHF in sheep and goats and some risk factors for the disease. From April 2019 to October 2019, two hundred blood samples (from 120 sheep and 80 goats) were collected from privately-owned farms located in different parts of Mosul city. Specific IgG antibodies against CCHF virus were examined using indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (I-ELISA). The results revealed an overall prevalence rate of 14%, 19.16% and 6.25% in sheep and goats respectively. Significantly (P≤0.05) higher prevalence was recorded in imported sheep (23.3%) compared with the local sheep breed (6.66%), as well significant (P≤0.05) variations of risk between tick-infested and tick-free animals. CCHF detected in sheep and goats constitutes a risk to public health in Mosul city, Iraq. More studies are recommended to further investigate the disease in other animal species.
Background and objective: Smoking is a risk factor for major non-communicable diseases and is an important cause of preventable death. Smoking cessation is a challenge for both the smoker and the ...health care provider. This study aimed to assess the role of obligatory banning of smoking in 2014 - 2016 on the smoking habits of a group of men in Mosul city. Methods: A convenience sample of 500 male smokers, aged 18 years and above who were living in Mosul on June 10, 2014 (the day of Mosul invasion by the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham, ISIS) and stayed living in the city for three years after that, were included in the study. The study design was cross-sectional, and data were collected by direct interview. Results: One fifth (100 persons) of the participants quit smoking (without medications) during banning. More than one third (36%) of them quit due to the high price of cigarettes. Unfortunately, the majority (75%) returned back to smoking after the liberation of Mosul. The factors found to be significantly associated with the high rate of quitting included short duration of smoking(<9 years) before the banning period (P = 0.006), trial of quitting smoking before banning (P = 0.001), history of light smoking (P = 0.003), and smoking among second degree relatives, compared with the first degree relatives (P = 0.025). Conclusion: The rate of cessation was relatively low compared with the possible punishments by the ISIS. Smoking cessation is still a challenge to public health practitioners, as many factors play a role. Keywords: Smoking banning; ISIS; Mosul; Quitting smoking.
Schmallenberg virus is an emergent disease which infect cattle, sheep and goats which cause loss of condition, diarrhea, and abortion in pregnant animals, so this study was conducted to detect the ...antibodies in imported calves by using cELISA, so 400 blood samples was collected calves in different ages and healthy status in a period between October 2018 to September 2019 in Nineveh province, the investigation of specific antibodies was done by competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, the results showed that the prevalence of Schmallenberg virus in imported calves was 21% (84 positive from 400 samples), high prevalence of infection in the animals more than 6 months to 1 year old 11.5% when compare with animals less than 6 months of age 9.5%, high incidence of infection in animals suffer from various clinical signs 17% and the healthy apparent animals recorded low prevalence of infection 4%, samples which collected in spring months recorded high prevalence of infection 7.5% while the lowest prevalence of infection with the virus recorded in winter months 2%, with significant variance in spring and summer months compared with other seasons, in conclusion this study was conducted that schmallenberg virus is newly emerge in Iraq and this study is firstly recorded this virus in cattle in Iraq.
This work aimed to estimate the frequency of mitochondrial inborn errors of metabolism (MIEMs) in patients presenting with family history and IEM-picture who referred for advance IEM assay in Mosul ...province and Kurdistan region. This study was observational study conducted on 364 cases referred from different general /or private pediatric clinics with unexplained sign and symptoms and suspension of mitochondrial dysfunction. The study included 364 children with an age ranging from 1 month to 1 year. Started from January 2018 to January 2020. All patients referred with their full history review, notes about their clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including blood ammonia, serum lactate/ pyruvate, arterial blood gases. In addition to the standard laboratory-tests (kidney and liver functions, blood glucose, and complete blood picture) carried out in Sorain private Laboratory. The results of this work show that sixteen (4.4%) of cases were positive in the IEM screening test
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