The widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a serious problem and constitutes a threat for public health. Plasmid-mediated conjugative transfer of ARGs is recognized as one ...of the most important pathways accounting for this global crisis. Inhibiting the conjugative transfer of resistant gene-bearing plasmids provides a feasible strategy to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here we found that melatonin, a neurohormone secreted from pineal gland, substantially inhibited the horizontal transfer of RP4–7 plasmid in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, melatonin could also suppress the conjugal frequency of different types of clinical plasmids that carrying colistin resistance gene mcr-1 rather than blaNDM or tet(X) genes. Next, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of melatonin on conjugation. As a result, we showed that the addition of melatonin markedly reduced bacterial membrane permeability and inhibited the oxidative stress. In line with these observations, the conjugative transfer-related genes were regulated accordingly. Most importantly, we uncovered that melatonin disrupted bacterial proton motive force (PMF), which is an essential bacterial energy metabolism substance and is important for conjugative process. Collectively, these results provide implications that some non-antibiotics such as melatonin are effective inhibitors of transmission of ARGs and raise a promising strategy to confront the increasing resistant infections.
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The primary aim of this study is to investigate how employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions contribute to their voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. This study also seeks to ...understand the moderating effects of employees' CSR motive attribution (substantive and symbolic) on the relationship between CSR perceptions and voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 784 employees working in various industries such as telecommunication, pharmaceutical, medical, manufacturing, hospitality, and electronic. Results revealed that CSR perceptions positively affected voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors of employees. Moreover, employee's substantive CSR motive attribution strengthened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior, whereas symbolic CSR motive attribution weakened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. This study provides guidance for managers who wish to address sustainability and CSR issues to enhance employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. Organizations should integrate CSR initiatives into their sustainable strategy to increase employee's voluntary pro‐environmental behavior.
The proton motive force (pmf) generated across the thylakoid membrane rotates the Fo-ring of ATP synthase in chloroplasts. The pmf comprises two components: membrane potential (∆Ψ) and proton ...concentration gradient (∆pH). Acidification of the thylakoid lumen resulting from ∆pH downregulates electron transport in the cytochrome b6f complex. This process, known as photosynthetic control, is crucial for protecting photosystem I (PSI) from photodamage in response to fluctuating light. To optimize the balance between efficient photosynthesis and photoprotection, it is necessary to regulate pmf. Cyclic electron transport around PSI and pseudo-cyclic electron transport involving flavodiiron proteins contribute to the modulation of pmf magnitude. By manipulating the ratio between the two components of pmf, it is possible to modify the extent of photosynthetic control without affecting the pmf size. This adjustment can be achieved by regulating the movement of ions (such as K+ and Cl-) across the thylakoid membrane. Since ATP synthase is the primary consumer of pmf in chloroplasts, its activity must be precisely regulated to accommodate other mechanisms involved in pmf optimization. Although fragments of information about each regulatory process have been accumulated, a comprehensive understanding of their interactions is lacking. Here, I summarize current knowledge of the network for pmf regulation, mainly based on genetic studies.
Authenticity is examined in various marketing literature, but an understanding of its role in the context of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is lacking. Although it is known that consumers ...reward companies that engage in CSR, there is still a notable level of skepticism that hinders the success of CSR campaigns. This paper describes two studies. The first employs content analysis to understand the factors that influence the perceived authenticity of CSR initiatives. The second empirical study develops and validates a CSR authenticity scale and offers evidence that CSR authenticity is influenced by fit, impact, and reparation. Further, the findings indicate that CSR authenticity has a mediating influence on important consumer outcomes. The results indicate that it is not enough for a firm to simply engage in CSR. A firm's CSR strategy must also take into account the extent to which consumers perceive the CSR initiative to be authentic.
The correlation between implicit and explicit motive measures and potential moderators of this relationship were examined meta-analytically, using Hunter and Schmidt's (2004) approach. Studies from a ...comprehensive search in PsycINFO, data sets of our research group, a literature list compiled by an expert, and the results of a request for gray literature were examined for relevance and coded. Analyses were based on 49 papers, 56 independent samples, 6151 subjects, and 167 correlations. The correlations (ρ) between implicit and explicit measures were 0.130 (CI: 0.077-0.183) for the overall relationship, 0.116 (CI: 0.050-0.182) for affiliation, 0.139 (CI: 0.080-0.198) for achievement, and 0.038 (CI: -0.055-0.131) for power. Participant age did not moderate the size of these relationships. However, a greater proportion of males in the samples and an earlier publication year were associated with larger effect sizes.
This study investigates how the system justification motive manifests in employees’ voice/silence behavior at the workplace. It also explores the moderating effects of system justification on the ...linkage between abusive supervision and voice/silence behavior for blue- and white-collar employees. The field study generated responses from 905 employees in Turkey. Multi-group analysis reveals that the moderating effect of system justification motives varies by occupational class. In particular, the impact of abusive supervision on silence becomes more salient when white-collar employees endorse higher system justification motives. However, in the blue-collar sample, the absence of a moderating effect could be attributed to the strong main effect of system justification motives. The current study adds to the extant literature by applying a system justification perspective to voice and silence behavior by collar differences at work. It also provides important implications for managers in dealing with workplace mistreatment affecting all occupational groups, mainly when blue-collar employee silence is endemic and regulatory policies are inadequate.
Achievement motive and sport participation Gröpel, Peter; Wegner, Mirko; Schüler, Julia
Psychology of sport and exercise,
November 2016, 2016-11-00, 20161101, Letnik:
27
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Three studies investigated the relationship between the achievement motive and sport participation. It was expected that both the implicit and the explicit achievement motives are positively ...associated with how frequently people engage in sport activities. The implicit achievement motive was assessed with indirect motive measures; the explicit achievement motive was either inferred from participants’ personal goals or measured with self-reports. Two hundred five athletes participated including college students enrolled in leisure sport programs offered at their university (Study 1), amateur athletes registered in sports clubs (Study 2), and elite tennis athletes (Study 3). The implicit achievement motive consistently predicted sport participation in all three studies. In contrast, the explicit achievement motive was uncorrelated with sport participation. The interaction between the two motives did not yield an effect on sport participation. The results indicate that the implicit, unconscious need to achieve facilitates regular engagement in sport activities, but the explicit, conscious orientation toward achievement does not. The enrichment of sports environments with incentives for the implicit achievement motive may thus attract more people to participate in sport activities.
•The implicit achievement motive predicts sport participation.•The explicit achievement motive is uncorrelated with sport participation.•Athletes' implicit and explicit affiliation motives are not correlated.
The article is devoted to the study of the complex motive home-antidome in the work of F. Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov. Studying the motive as a key unit of narratology, the author comes to the ...conclusion that in Dostoevskys poetry a special role is played by antinomic motives, the multidirectional semantic potential of which contributes to the complexity of the poetic dialectic of the writer. Thus, the motive of the home in Dostoevskys novel is inextricably linked with the motives of homelessness, wandering, the search for the place in the world by the heroes of the novel. Each of the heroes of the novel is a bearer of the motive function of home. The image of old Karamazov is associated with the idea of desacralizing the house as an intimate, family space. Each of the brothers is in a transit situation, not having, according to the thesis of Yu.M. Lotman, fastening to a certain topos. Homelessness becomes for heroes of the work the starting point of a spiritual search. Using the methods of linguistic-poetic and literary analysis, the author of the article concludes that the motives of the anti-home in the Brothers Karamazov novelty explicate the writers idea of a person and his place in the world, and in a broader sense, of the past and future of Russia, which has lost touch with previous generations and faith in God.
This is a study that analyzed effects of self-oriented motivate and other-oriented motivate on career development among university students. A questionnaire that was asking "attitude toward self- and ...other-oriented motivation" and "career resilience" had been carried out to 316 students. And then pass-analysis had been conducted on the result above mentioned questionnaire on the assumption that "attitude toward self- and other-oriented motivation" might affect "career resilience". As a result of the analysis showed that only "integrating self- and other-oriented motivation" affected "novelty and diversity of interests", "optimism about the future", "social skills" and "ability to cope with problems and change" all of which are belong to subscale of "career resilience". A certain result showed that an importance of "integrating self- and other-oriented motivation" in the career development process.
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