New technologies are influencing today’s work and change social attitudes towards the organization and design of work. Against this background, the question arises as to how human-centred work design ...has to be in the digital age. In order to derive indications for work design, first it is necessary to find out which work conditions actually are present for different tasks and what their level of digitization is. This article focuses on the working conditions and the level of digitization of object-related tasks. These tasks are characterized by the fact that objects are processed or handled. In particular, it includes the task groups manufacturing, transporting and cleaning.
For these three groups, current working conditions of N = 6.435 employees with object-related tasks were analyzed based on the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey. Furthermore, the current state of digitization of N = 411 employees with object-related tasks was analyzed based on the survey Digitization and Change in Employment (DiWaBe). The results show, that a high proportion of physical work requirements and physical-chemical environmental conditions have an impact on object-related tasks. Furthermore, the results indicate tendencies towards monotonous work processes. Object-related tasks show a rather low degree of digitization. However, especially in manufacturing and transport, detailed instructions are often given by means of various technologies.
Based on the data analysis, a structured literature analysis was conducted about the current state of research on new technologies in object-related tasks. It was found, that research and practice is concerned with technologies that meet the high physical demands of object-related tasks in particular (e.g. HRC, exoskeletons). In addition, there are many approaches to support employees cognitively with digital assistance systems. This article present the results of the data and literature analysis.
Suicide and attempted suicide are major public health concerns. In recent decades, there have been many welcome developments in understanding and preventing suicide, as well as good progress in ...intervening with those who have attempted suicide. Despite these developments, though, considerable challenges remain. In this article, we explore both the recent developments and the challenges ahead for the field of suicide research and prevention. To do so, we consulted 32 experts from 12 countries spanning four continents who had contributed to the
(2nd edition). All contributors nominated, in their view, (i) the top 3 most exciting new developments in suicide research and prevention in recent years, and (ii) the top 3 challenges. We have synthesized their suggestions into new developments and challenges in research and practice, giving due attention to implications for psychosocial interventions. This Perspective article is not a review of the literature, although we did draw from the suicide research literature to obtain evidence to elucidate the responses from the contributors. Key new developments and challenges include: employing novel techniques to improve the prediction of suicidal behavior; testing and applying theoretical models of suicidal behavior; harnessing new technologies to monitor and intervene in suicide risk; expanding suicide prevention activities to low and middle-income countries; moving toward a more refined understanding of sub-groups of people at risk and developing tailored interventions. We also discuss the importance of multidisciplinary working and the challenges of implementing interventions in practice.
Deepfakes, Seeing is Believing? López Frías, Claudia
Проблеми на постмодерността,
12/2023, Letnik:
13, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Artificial intelligence has burst into our lives and today it is a constant in our routines. Initially, it represented a great advance in everything that until now limited the human being. It also ...seems to have a series of risks that we are only beginning to be aware of. One of the technologies derived from AI is that of deepfakes, words that arise as an acronym when combining Deep, coming from how these intelligences learn, through deeplearning, and fake, whose translation would be false or falsification. It is a technology widely used in audiovisuals, both for cinema, television, or other types of videos, with variable results. However, the use of pornography of celebrities without their consent, or the deliberate interest in misinforming, at critical moments, are some of the problems faced by the use of this technology. Something that seems to reach a critical point when it comes to news since the presenters usually enjoy greater credibility for the viewer. Throughout this work, we will try to approach the use of artificial intelligence on television as well as Deepfakes, their uses, and risks.
This article analyses the impact of innovation on the costs of transport companies. In order to carry out the research, the types of innovation in the transport industry and the innovation strategies ...of transport companies are considered. The case method has been identified as the research method. The analysis concludes that innovation has an impact on both operational performance and shareholder value. Firstly, the value of companies is influenced by innovations related to the purchase of new equipment, the improvement of production indicators and the increase in the quality of services/goods offered.
The main objectives of digital technologies are to improve the control of operational processes, to enhance customer interaction and to reduce costs. Together with the purchase of new equipment, this can be seen as one of the ways of increasing the value of the company.
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize potential modulations of the intestinal microbiome aimed at preventing or delaying progression to overt type 1 diabetes in the light of ...recently identified perturbations of the gut microbiota associated with the development of type 1 diabetes.
Recent Findings
Accumulated data suggest that the gut microbiota is involved at two different steps in the evolution of type 1 diabetes. At the first step, the intestinal tract is colonized by a microbial community unable to provide an adequate education of the immune system. As a consequence, the infant acquires susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases, type 1 diabetes included. At the other step, the young child seroconverts to positivity for diabetes-associated autoantibodies. This is preceded or accompanied by a decrease in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and an increased abundance of
Bacteroides
species. These changes will affect the disease process promoting progression toward overt type 1 diabetes.
Summary
By providing specific probiotics, one can affect the colonization of the intestinal tract in the newborn infant or strengthen the immune education in early life. Human milk oligosaccharides function as nutrients for “healthy” bacteria. Dietary interventions applying modified starches can influence the numbers and activities of both autoreactive and regulatory T cells and provide protection against autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome holds the promise of effective protection against human type 1 diabetes.
The growing importance of the Internet to B2B customer purchasing decisions has motivated B2B sellers to create digital content that leads potential buyers to interact with their company. This trend ...has engendered a new paradigm referred to as ‘content marketing.’ This study investigates the organizational processes for developing valuable and timely content to meet customer needs and for integrating content marketing with B2B selling processes. The results of this single case study demonstrate the use of marketing automation to generate high-quality sales leads through behavioral targeting and content personalization. The study advances understanding of the organizational processes that support content marketing and shows how content marketing can be combined with B2B selling processes via marketing automation in ways that achieve business benefits.
PURPOSETo determine the effectiveness of current strategies oriented to increase adherence to physical therapy in subjects with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA).MATERIAL AND METHODSA systematic ...review of electronic databases was conducted from inception until March 2023. Studies with experimental interventions using strategies to increase adherence to physical therapy programs in subjects with knee or hip OA were included. A meta-analysis compared the effects of such interventions with usual care for adherence-related measures (primary outcome), and functional and pain outcomes, using standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). GRADE was used to determine the strength of the resultant evidence and the external validity of the findings.RESULTSFifteen articles, assessing 1,818 participants, were included. The interventions included cognitive-behavior strategies, telephone calls, internet-based interventions, communication technologies, and booster sessions. A meta-analysis revealed that the experimental interventions increased adherence over usual care with a moderate effect size of SMD = 0.39 (95%CI = 0.08-0.71) and moderate certainty in this evidence.CONCLUSIONOverall, this review supports that the strategies to promote adherence to physical therapy in individuals with knee and hip OA are effective. However, the positive impact on adherence rates does not always translate into improved clinical outcomes.
The search for new technologies that guarantee the safety and quality of food has intensified, as has concern for consumer health, leading to the adoption of measures to reduce food-related risks. ...The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of active biodegradable films incorporated with bacteriophage for future application in packaging materials. Cellulose acetate films incorporated with solution of bacteriophages showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 displayed the formation of inhibition zones in Muller-Hinton agar, and a growth curve, using the diffusion method in liquid medium. There was an increase in the lag phase and slower growth of microorganisms in the environment containing bacteriophages with the films, compared to control. The mechanical and physical properties of films, such as thickness, elongation and puncture resistance showed no significant effects. However, tensile resistance was different between control and treatments. The addition of bacteriophage altered the film surface, as observed by atomic force microscopy. There was a higher porosity of the films containing the bacteriophage solution compared to control. The acetate films may be incorporated with bacteriophages, since the physical and mechanical properties of the films were not changed drastically and there was an effect of the antimicrobial film.
•Lytic bacteriophages can be incorporated into acetate films for future application in food packaging.•The embedding technique must be improved in order to keep it viable in the package for further commercialization.•Bacteriophages incorporated into acetate film cause visual changes without drastically altering the mechanical properties.•The antimicrobial activity of the film was shown.•Change in the morphological structure of the surface of the films with and without addition of phage.
Introduction: Many wounds are treated surgically. For many years the method itself consisted mainly in cleaning the wounds and bringing its edges closer together, either by strips for closing the ...wounds or by suturing the wound with classic sutures or staples. Recently, new methods have emerged to support wound healing, which are discussed in this article.
Materials and methods: The basis of the work were medical articles collected in the PubMed database. The research was conducted by analyzing key words such as: "surgical treatment of wounds", "new technologies in wounds", "wound healing and new technologies", "dressings in wound treatment", "new methods of accelerating wound healing".
Results: In the process of surgical wound treatment the basis is still the closure and connection of the edges of the wounds, which prevents infections, accelerates healing and improves the cosmetic effect. However this is not the final stage of wound healing. Equally important is the subsequent appropriate selection of the dressing - appropriate in terms of its composition of active substances and absorption properties. The choice of the right dressing has a large impact on the final effect and the avoidance of infections or the subsequent appearance of the scar. Now we also have many new technologies to help heal wounds. They help not only to reduce the risk of infection, but also accelerate the healing process and shorten the treatment time.
Key message
The integration of new technologies into public plant breeding programs can make a powerful step change in agricultural productivity when aligned with principles of quantitative and ...Mendelian genetics.
The breeder’s equation is the foundational application of quantitative genetics to crop improvement. Guided by the variables that describe response to selection, emerging breeding technologies can make a powerful step change in the effectiveness of public breeding programs. The most promising innovations for increasing the rate of genetic gain without greatly increasing program size appear to be related to reducing breeding cycle time, which is likely to require the implementation of parent selection on non-inbred progeny, rapid generation advance, and genomic selection. These are complex processes and will require breeding organizations to adopt a culture of continuous optimization and improvement. To enable this, research managers will need to consider and proactively manage the, accountability, strategy, and resource allocations of breeding teams. This must be combined with thoughtful management of elite genetic variation and a clear separation between the parental selection process and product development and advancement process. With an abundance of new technologies available, breeding teams need to evaluate carefully the impact of any new technology on selection intensity, selection accuracy, and breeding cycle length relative to its cost of deployment. Finally breeding data management systems need to be well designed to support selection decisions and novel approaches to accelerate breeding cycles need to be routinely evaluated and deployed.
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