To assess the influence of racial and economic residential segregation of home or hospital neighborhood on very preterm birth morbidity and mortality in neonates born very preterm.
We constructed a ...retrospective cohort of n = 6461 infants born <32 weeks using 2010-2014 New York City vital statistics-hospital data. We calculated racial and economic Index of Concentration at the Extremes for home and hospital neighborhoods. Neonatal mortality and morbidity was defined as death and/or severe neonatal morbidity. We estimated relative risks for Index of Concentration at the Extremes measures and neonatal mortality and morbidity using log binomial regression and the risk-adjusted contribution of delivery hospital using Fairlie decomposition.
Infants whose mothers live in neighborhoods with the greatest relative concentration of Black residents had a 1.6 times greater risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity than those with the greatest relative concentration of White residents (95% CI 1.2-2.1). Delivery hospital explained more than one-half of neighborhood differences. Infants with both home and hospital in high-concentration Black neighborhoods had a 38% adjusted risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity compared with 25% of those with both home and hospital high-concentration White neighborhoods (P = .045).
Structural racism influences very preterm birth neonatal mortality and morbidity through both the home and hospital neighborhood. Quality improvement interventions should incorporate a framework that includes neighborhood context.
Efficient transfer hydrogenolysis of benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) was accomplished over Ni1.5Cu1.5/Al2O3 using isopropanol as hydrogen source. The characterization results demonstrated that the ...formation of NiCu alloy and electron transfer between Ni and Cu were responsible for the excellent catalytic performance. Isopropanol displayed better hydrogen-donating ability than other low-carbon alcohols because of its unique dehydrogenation pathway and small steric hindrance. The results of isotopic experiments elucidated that active hydrogen species for the CO bond cleavage originated from isopropanol rather than H2, while both isopropanol and H2 were responsible for hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol when reaction was conducted with mixed hydrogen sources. A mechanism study illustrated that transfer hydrogenolysis of BPE proceeded through direct cleavage of CO bond followed by phenol hydrogenation, in which the active hydrogen species were in the form of H+ and H−.
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•Ni1.5Cu1.5/Al2O3 shows excellent performance in transfer hydrogenolysis of BPE.•Isopropanol exhibits superior hydrogen-donating ability than other alcohols.•Active hydrogen for CO bond cleavage originates from isopropanol instead of H2.•The active hydrogen species are in the form of H+ and H−.
Fathers' perceptions of the NICU experience Urbanosky, Cameryn; Merritt, Linda; Maxwell, Jazmine
Journal of neonatal nursing : JNN,
June 2023, 2023-06-00, Letnik:
29, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To describe the experiences of NICU fathers who previously had a premature infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after the infant had been discharged.
During data analysis of a study on ...the recollection of NICU fathers' needs who previously had a premature infant in the NICU, the researchers discovered fathers could vividly recall their experiences, even years later. Convenient sampling was used to recruit (N = 28) fathers from three parent support organizations and data was collected by semi-structured interviews via Zoom from January 2020 to June 2020. Interview recordings were transcribed by a transcription company, and then verified, coded, and analyzed using NVivo11 software.
Three themes emerged about their experience: vividly recalling experiences, worries about their significant other, and stressed about work/life balance.
NICU fathers can vividly recall their experiences years after infant is discharged. They seek support for coping with this new and stressful experience. Further research is needed to explore how support groups can benefit NICU fathers and how the use of support groups can affect the father's long-term mental health.
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•O-vacancy-rich and heterostructured Cu/Cu2O/NiO@NiCu foam was constructed.•Cu/Cu2O/NiO@NiCu shows excellent electrocatalytic performance for HER.•Cu/Cu2O/NiO@NiCu is a top-tier among ...existing Cu-based alkaline HER catalysts.•Super HER catalytic performance of Cu/Cu2O/NiO@NiCu was revealed by DFT calculation.
Defect-engineering and heterojunction-creating on a catalyst have been endorsed as effective approaches to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) behavior. By skillfully employing the transformation of Cu2S/Ni3S2 to NiO/Cu2O and the electroreduction of partial Cu2O to Cu/Cu2O for the O-vacancy (Ov) production and in-situ reactions for the heterostructure construction, we fabricated a self-supported heterostructured hybrid with Ov-rich Cu/Cu2O coupled with few NiO grown in-situ on the NiCu bimetallic foam (named as Cu/NiO/Cu2O@NCF). Cu/NiO/Cu2O@NCF records a low overpotential of 79 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 60 mV dec−1 and sustained the activity without distinct decay for 100 h towards catalyzing HER in 1.0 M KOH. More profoundly, density functional theory computations reveal that Ov-Cu2O holds a much lower energy barrier for the rate-determining step of the H2O dissociation and a more electron density with respect to Ov-NiO, thereby accelerating the alkaline HER kinetics.
There is a growing understanding of the role and place of men in maternity care generally and for fathers of babies in neonatal care in particular. This review offers a systematic narrative review on ...issues affecting fathers, whose babies are admitted to neonatal units. Twenty-seven papers in the review highlighted four key themes: stress & anxiety; information; gender roles and emotions.
Long-standing health disparities in maternal reproductive health, infant morbidity and mortality, and long-term developmental outcomes are rooted in a foundation of structural racism. Social ...determinants of health profoundly affect reproductive health outcomes of Black and Hispanic women disproportionately; they have higher rates of death during pregnancy and preterm birth. Their infants are also more likely to be cared for in poorer quality neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), receive poorer quality of NICU care, and are less likely to be referred to an appropriate high-risk NICU follow-up program. Interventions that mitigate the impact of racism will help to eliminate health disparities.
The goal of this scoping review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the stress of mothers whose infant is born prematurely.
A scoping review using the Preferred ...Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) framework was conducted. Four electronic databases, Medline, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Embase, were searched with key search terms related to maternal intervention, neonatal intensive care unit, and stress was performed. Two independent reviewers performed the search strategy.
A total of 18 articles were included in the review. Five categories of interventions emerged: Kangaroo Care (5/18, 28%), Education (5/18, 28%), Relaxation (3/18, 17%), Psychological Support (2/18, 11%), and Multimodal Approach (3/18, 17%). All the intervention categories had a positive influence on reducing maternal stress, with maternal education having the most consistent evidence.
This review brings forth five categories of interventions aimed at reducing stress in mothers whose infant was born prematurely which may be used in clinical practice.
Aim
To assess the level of stress and coping strategies in parents of neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a tertiary care centre in North India.
Materials and methods
It was a ...descriptive/observational cross-sectional study of 3 year duration with a sample size of 224. All parents willing to participate and who could understand English or Hindi were included in the study after the informed consent. Stress levels and coping strategies were assessed using a validated questionnaire between 2nd to 7th day of admission. Demographic data was collected and parental stress and coping was quantified using likert scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0.
Results
Most of the parents were moderately stressed (93.3%). The most impactful stress domain was ‘Emotional’ and the most impactful question out of that domain was ‘constant fear of child’s recovery’. Of all the coping strategies, cognitive strategy was mostly used by parents. There was a negative correlation between stress and coping strategies (r = –0.09) but the result was statistically insignificant (p-value = 0.16). Of all the demographic variables, the birth order of the baby was significantly related to stress (p-value < 0.05), while parent’s education, monthly family income and area of residence were significantly related to coping (p-value < 0.05, <0.05 and <0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Most of the parents were moderately stressed, with cognitive strategy being the most used by parents as the coping mechanism.
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