The objective of this study was to analyse the level of pedigree and genomic inbreeding in a herd of the Norik of Muran horses. The pedigree file included 1374 animals (603 stallions and 771 mares), ...while the reference population consisted of animals that were genotyped by using 70k SNP platform (n = 25). The trend of pedigree inbreeding was expressed as the probability that an animal has two identical alleles by descent according to classical formulas. The trend of genomic inbreeding was derived from the distribution of runs of homozygosity (ROHs) with various length in the genome based on the assumption that these regions reflect the autozygosity originated from past generations of ancestors. A maximum of 19 generations was found in pedigree file. As expected, the highest level of pedigree completeness was found in first five generations. Subsequent quality control of genomic data resulted in totally 54432 SNP markers covering 2.242 Mb of the autosomal genome. The pedigree analysis showed that in current generation can be expected the pedigree inbreeding at level 0.23% (ΔFPEDi = 0.19 ± 1.17%). Comparable results was obtained also by the genomic analysis, when the inbreeding in current generation reached level 0.11%. Thus, in term of genetic diversity both analyses reflected sufficient level of variability across analysed population of Norik of Muran horses.
Na nagrobnih spomenikih Norika in Zgornje Panonije so relativno pogosto upodobljene personifikacije letnih časov, ki nastopajo tako v podobi Erotov, Hor, bust, posebej pa izstopajo upodobitve Letnih ...časov kot mladeničev, saj ti kažejo nemalo likovnih sorodnosti z upodobitvami satirov, prav tako dobro zastopanih v obeh provincah. Slednji si delijo tako določene atribute kot še toliko bolj držo. Številni reliefi so bili najdeni na sekundarnih mestih, zaradi česar je nemalokrat domala nemogoče presoditi, v kolikor lik predstavlja satira ali genija letnih časov. Edinstvenega pomena je tako cikel letnih časov na grobnici Spektatijev v Šempetru v Savinjski dolini, kjer se personifikacije še posebej izrazito prepletajo z bakhičnim svetom (drža, pedum, panterjeva koža). Prav povezave z bakhično ikonografijo kažejo na časovno umestitev v seversko dobo, ko so upodobitve v prenesenem pomenu predstavljale apoteozo umrlega in upanje na brezskrbno posmrtno življenje.
The book discusses the minor settlements that dotted the territory of present-day Slovenia in the Roman period. This geographically diverse territory was crossed by important lines of communication ...and divided between three large administrative units of the Roman state: Italy and the provinces of Noricum and Upper Pannonia. Twenty-six authors wrote contributions on individual settlements in a comprehensive and clear manner roughly following a common concept. The presentation of each settlement opens with its location and name in Antiquity, possible habitation traces from prehistory, mentions in ancient literary texts and documents, and recovered epigraphic evidence. The next, main part offers an overview of the archaeological remains from the Roman period: topography, infrastructure, buildings, cemeteries and portable remains of particular significance. This is followed by the information on the status of a settlement, social standing of its inhabitants, their administrative or military functions, as well as professional or ethnical background. All is brought together in an outline of the historical development of each settlement.
The Norik of Muráň breed is a Slovak horse breed mainly intended for forestry and agriculture-related work. It is also a unique type among the cold-blooded horse breeds. In general, the microbiota ...influences animal health status. However, limited information regarding the microbiota of this horse species is available. Similarly, few aspects are known about the species Enterococcus asini bacteriocin (postbiotic) potential. Therefore, this study investigated the E. asini strain EAs 1/11D27, isolated from mucosal samples obtained from horses, along with the evaluation of its molecular characteristics and bacteriocin (postbiotic) activity. Taxonomic allocation of the strain EAs 1/11/D27 was confirmed using the sequencing method, reaching 99.86% similarity (match) with the nucleotide sequence of the strain E. asini NR113929.1. E. asini EAs 1/11D27 has been assigned the GenBank accession number (AN) MN822908. This strain is hemolysis-negative, deoxyribonuclease-negative, and gelatinase-negative. EAs 1/11D27 lacks genes encoding for virulence factors such as gelatinase, enterococcal surface protein, adhesins, hyaluronidase, and aggregation substance. It does not produce damaging enzymes and is susceptible to antibiotics. Additionally, it produces bacteriocin-like substances with inhibitory activity against 165 out of 170 indicator bacteria tested (97%). The highest inhibitory potential was recorded against staphylococci (88), enterococci (57), lactococci (7), and streptococci (4/8). The growth of 9 out of 10 Gram-negative strains was also inhibited. These results suggest a valuable postbiotic potential of the studied bacteriocin substance, and further studies are needed to establish its applications in horses.
Vojaki iz Celeje na tujem Julijana Visočnik
Arheološki vestnik (Acta archaeologica),
01/2012, Letnik:
63
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Članek o celejskih vojakih, ki so izpričani drugod po rimskem imperiju, je dopolnitev prispevka o vojaških na-pisih Celeje (Visočnik 2008). V katalogu so zbrani latinski napisi, v katerih ...so omenjeni posamezniki, ki izvirajo iz Celeje oz. iz njene okolice in so velik del svojega življenja preživeli v eni izmed mnogih rimskih vojaških enot. Domov se niso vrnili, saj so se po končani vojaški službi ali ustalili v bližini krajev, kjer je službovala njihova vojaška enota, ali pa je nenadna smrt predčasno zaključila njihovo vojaško kariero. Origo, ki je na tak ali drugačen način zapisan ob imenu celejskih vojakov, pa nam omogoča, da s pomočjo obstoječih epigrafskih baz (heidelberška, frankfurtska, rim-ska in LUPA) takšne Celejane najdemo in jih analiziramo. Katalogu napisov, ki so jih našli skoraj po vsem rimskem imperiju, namreč sledi še podrobna analiza imen, enot in funkcij, ki se pojavijo na zbranih napisih
The sepulchral monuments of Noricum and Pannonia dating to the Antonine - Severan period (and later), particularly the aediculae, are characterised by abundant mythological decoration. The central ...mythological scene of a more or less detailed mythological apparatus is one of the three key ingredients used in presenting the deceased or their families, the other two being the portraits and the inscription tablet (all of them placed on the front facade of the monument). The choice of the mythological scenes is guided by the two basic art themes found on Roman sepulchral monuments - death, consolation, and mourning, and, on the other hand, homage to the deceased and his virtues, or mourning and farewell. Both themes correspond to the topoi of funeral poetry and rhetoric. The choice of the individual myths reveals differences between the sarcophagi of Rome and the products of Noricum or Pannonia, as well as between the products of Noricum and of the Pannonian centres.
The motif of Icarus is richly represented in small objects, such as gems and cameos, as well as in wall paintings, but appears only rarely in stone sculpture. As pointed out by Arnold Schober, it has ...achieved its greatest popularity in Noricum and especially in Pannonia: outside these provinces, a larger number is represented only in Regio X Venetia et Histria. Icarus is accompanied by Daedalus or one of the Parcae, who is attaching wings to his arms. The majority of the statuettes shows Icarus standing, naked or draped only in a chlamys, with large wings attached to his shoulders. Since the Roman Empire has so few representations of the young hero just before or during the fight, Schober has labelled this motif as a special feature of Norico-Pannonian sepulchral monuments. Most of the statuettes were found in the territory of a Roman necropolis, and they apparently belonged to the decoration of the sepulchral monuments. They usually served as the acroteria of the tympanums of the aedicule tomb, which is confirmed by their more or less rudimentary workmanship and in some cases by a pair of holes in the plinth. Icarus was also one of the rare mythological motifs depicted on the sepulchral monuments of the eastern part of Gallia Cisalpina, where it doubtlessly decorated the acroterium. Statues were found in the necropolises of Aquileia and Altinum. All date to the Julio-Claudian era and resemble those from Noricum and Pannonia. The theme probably came to the Danubian provinces with a time delay through well-established merchant connections. The high-quality fragment from Flavia Solva shows sitting on Icarus’ left side a naked woman, usually interpreted as one of the Parcae, who is securing his wings. In this position she replaces Daedalus, who is sculpted beside Icarus especially from the 5th century BC onward. She might be an allusion to Icarus’ premature death. An almost identical composition is found in a wall painting from Echzell (Germania Superior), where the Parca is replaced with Daedalus, and on a sarcophagus from Asia Minor depicting Icarus’ life. Based on the narrative cycle of Icarus’ life on that sarcophagus, Salvatore Calderone has pointed out a Neoplatonic explanation of the myth: that the fight and fall could symbolise the soul which goes into the sky, from where it falls to Earth again. As Icarus in the Danubian provinces is never shown falling but rather flying or about to take wing (the only exception being the relief from Carnuntum), the image may express a Neoplatonic thesis and the apotheosis of the deceased. The provinces display at least three elementary types: Icarus standing alone with outstretched winged arms – this type probably derives from Aquileia; Icarus in relief, together with the Parca or Daedalus; and the bust of Icarus in the tympanum of the stele or acroterium. The fragment in Joanneum has most probably arrived from one of the Attic sarcophagi, where the Parca often appears by the side of the protagonists who die prematurely.
Avtorica predstavi vojaške napise iz Celeje in okolice; bene-ficiarski napisi, ki so že bili predmet raziskave, so navedeni le tabelarično. Napisi so zbrani v katalogu (delitev mesto – ager), kjer ...transkripciji sledi še prevod. V osrednjem delu so vojaški napisi analizirani glede na vojaške funkcije in enote, ki so iz-pričane na napisih. Avtorica opozarja tudi na druge posebnosti: imena, ikonografijo, jezikovne značilnosti ... Velik del vojaških napisov predstavljajo nagrobniki, votivni so trije, počastitvena dva. Največ celejskih vojakov je svoje služenje opravilo v Drugi italski legiji, torej v edini noriški legiji. Na napisih so izpričani predvsem navadni vojaki in veterani, srečamo pa tudi pretori-jance in centurione
V članku so obravnavani vsi dosedaj znani rimski kamnitispomeniki z današnje slovenske Koroške: iz Mežiške, Dravskein Mislinjske doline. Prevladujejo spomeniki iz naselbine Sta-ri trg pri Slovenj ...Gradcu / Kolaciona (Colatio), z izkopavanjadr. Hansa Winklerja v letih 1909-1912 in z grobišča Zagrad priPrevaljah. Celotno območje je spadalo pod upravo Celeje (Celeia).Kamni so razvrščeni geografsko, po vrstnem redu, kot ga uva-jajo Arheološka najdišča Slovenije (ANSl) iz leta 1975.
Prema rimskom arhitektu Vitruviju (De architectura 5, 3, 1), gradnja kazališta spada među najvažnije prioritete: “Nakon što se odredi mjesto za forum, treba naći što zdravije mjesto za kazalište, za ...prikazivanje igara tijekom svetkovina besmrtnih bogova…” Ostatci, odnosno dokazi za postojanje antičkih kazališta mogu se naći u cijelom Rimskom Carstvu. To su zapravo pokazatelji postojanja kazališta na osnovi arhitektonskih ostataka ili spominjanja izvedaba koje nalazimo na natpisima. Do sada je, međutim, malo pozornosti poklonjeno provincijama Dalmaciji, Meziji, Noriku i Panoniji, posebno u pogledu rasprostranjenosti kazališta i njihovoj povijesti tijekom antičkog razdoblja. Upravo u ove četiri provincije, u kojima se susreću različite kulture, možemo primijetiti grčki, rimsko/italski i galski utjecaj. Štoviše, te nam provincije daju iznimnu ostavštinu kakva se ne može naći u ostatku Rimskog Carstva.
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