A new phosphor-in-glass film (PiGF) color converter with high heat dissipation capability was proposed for high-power laser illumination. To intensify heat conduction, a composite structure was ...fabricated by welding the PiGF to a copper block through a silver layer. The PiGF converter was found to have a high quantum yield and similar fluorescence lifetime as the original phosphors. The optical characteristics of this material were investigated by varying the thickness of PiGF and the lase power. Under the excitation of 8.78W laser power, the PiGF converter with 100 μm film thickness enables a luminous efficacy of 187.9 lm/W, a CCT of 6150 K, and a perfect chromaticity coordinate of (0.3174, 0.3351). In addition, a maximum luminous flux of 4449 lm was obtained when the laser power reached 27.42 W. Besides, The PiGF converter displayed low working temperature and stable optical performance under the sustained excitation test, which indicates that the PiGF converter exhibits excellent opto-thermal performances. In general, an effective solution is put forward for the heat dissipating obstacle of laser lighting.
PiGF (Phosphor-in-glass film) with high color rendering was successfully prepared at a low sintering temperature. The influence of sintering temperature, the mass ratio of glass and phosphor, and ...different fluorescent layers on the luminescence properties of PiGF was systematically studied. It is of note that the “cyan cavity” is significantly reduced due to the addition of “cyan phosphor” (BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+). Under 455 nm blue light laser excitation, PiGF has the highest luminous efficiency of 94.55 lm/W and a white light composite PiGF with a correlated color temperature of 5500 K and a color rendering index of 95 can be obtained. In short, this work shows that the PiGF has great potential application in white light laser lighting.
•The PiGF has a very high color rendering index, which can reach 95.•While maintaining a high color rendering index, the correlated color temperature is low, only about 5500 K.•First application of cyan phosphor (BaSi2O2N2:Eu2+) to laser lighting to fill in cyan glow.
Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Preeclampsia involves multi-organ and characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. One of the hypothesis pathogenesisin preeclampsia is ...placental insufficiency. Its causing imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in maternal circulation. This imbalance factors are responsible for systemic vasoconstriction. However, until now, there is no predictor for preeclampsiain high risk pregnancy. Therefore, this review briefly describes the recent studies about utility of biologic angiogenesis marker, such as s-Flt1 and PIGF as predictor in preeclampsia
Objective The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1)/placental growth factor (PlGF) ratio is a reliable tool in the assessment of preeclampsia. We tested the hypothesis that the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio ...is able to identify women at risk for imminent delivery. We characterized the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in different types of hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Study Design We investigated 388 singleton pregnancies with normal pregnancy outcome, 164 with PE, 36 with gestational hypertension, and 42 with chronic hypertension. sFlt-1 and PlGF were measured in serum samples. Results Patients with preeclampsia had a significantly increased sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as compared with controls and with patients with chronic and gestational hypertension in <34 weeks and ≥34 weeks ( P < .001). Time to delivery was significantly reduced in women with preeclampsia in the highest quartile of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio ( P < .001). Conclusion The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio allows the identification of women at risk for imminent delivery and is a reliable tool to discriminate between different types of pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
Pregnant women with covid-19 are more likely to experience preterm birth. The virus seems to be associated with a wide range of placental lesions, none of them specific.
We collected cases of ...Covid-19 maternal infection during pregnancy associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, for which we received the placenta. We studied clinical data and described pathological findings of placenta and post-mortem examination of fetuses. We performed an immunohistochemical study and RT-PCR of SARS-Cov-2 on placenta samples.
We report 5 cases of poor fetal outcome, 3 fetal deaths and 2 extreme premature neonates, one with growth restriction, without clinical and biological sign of SARS-Cov-2 infection. All placenta presented massive perivillous fibrin deposition and large intervillous thrombi associated with strong SARS-Cov-2 expression in trophoblast and SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity in amniotic fluid or on placenta samples. Chronic histiocytic intervillositis was present in 4/5 cases. Placental ultrasound was abnormal and the sFLT1-PIGF ratio was increased in one case. Timing between mothers’ infection and the poor fetal outcome was ≤10 days in 4 cases. The massive placental damage are directly induced by the virus whose receptors are expressed on trophoblast, leading to trophoblast necrosis and massive inflammation in villous chamber, in a similar way it occurs in diffuse alveolar damage in adults infected by SARS-Cov-2.
SARS-Cov-2 can be associated to a rare set of placental lesions which can lead to fetal demise, preterm birth, or growth restriction. Stronger surveillance of mothers infected by SARS-Cov-2 is required.
•SARS-Cov-2 can cause massive damage to placenta.•Maternal immune response can be fatal to the fetus.•Fetal death and intra-uterine growth restriction are possible outcomes of SARS-Co-2 during pregnancy.•SARS-Cov-2 might cause pre-eclampsia-like syndromes.
Phosphor-converted laser lighting has become a credible candidate in next-generation high-brightness white lighting, and the configuration types of phosphor converters have a great influence on the ...opto-thermal performances of laser lighting. In this work, we proposed nitride phosphor-in-glass films (PIGFs) for high-brightness laser lighting and investigated the opto-thermal performances of PIGFs in transmissive (T) and reflective (R) modes. The Y-PIGFs were prepared by low-temperature sintering a mixture of yellow-emitting La3Si6N11:Ce3+ (LSN) phosphor and borosilicate glass, and the Y/R-PIGFs were achieved by incorporating red-emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN) phosphor into the Y-PIGFs. The PIGFs display higher thermal stability and luminescence intensity than the raw phosphors. By tailoring the thickness of Y-PIGFs, the Y-PIGF with a film thickness of 75 μm achieves the luminous efficacy of 199.4 lm/W and 91.5 lm/W in the T mode and R mode, respectively, and the PIGF realizes the highest luminous efficacy of 207.8 lm/W by collecting backward light in the T mode. At the CASN/LSN ratio of 0.20, the Y/R-PIGF enables high-quality white light with a color rendering index (CRI) higher than 89. Furthermore, under 4.82 W laser excitation, the central temperatures of Y-PIGF in the T-mode and R-mode are only 98 °C and 67.4 °C, respectively. The results indicate that the PIGFs enable high-performance white laser lighting with distinct opto-thermal properties by adjusting configuration types.
In this retrospective study, we investigated whether first trimester serum placental growth factor (PIGF) differed amongst pregnancies with placenta previa-accreta and non-adherent placenta previa ...and healthy pregnancies.
In 1 January 2017–30 September 2019, a total of 177 pregnant females were included in the study, as follows: 35 cases of placenta previa-accreta, 30 cases of non-adherent placenta previa, and 112 cases of age and BMI-matched, healthy pregnant controls. PIGF multiples of the median (MoM) were acquired from laboratory data files. The predictor of placenta accreta was analyzed by using multiple logistic regression analysis.
PIGF MoM of placenta previa-accreta group was significantly higher than those of the non-adherent placenta previa group and control group (p = 0.0098 < 0.01, p = 0.0002 < 0.01). Serum PIGF was found to be significantly positively associated with placenta accreta after adjusted gestational week at time of blood sampling, BMI, and age (OR: 4.83; 95% CI: 1.91–12.24；p = 0.0009 < 0.01). In addition, previous cesarean section history (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.23–6.17; p = 0.014 < 0.05) and smoking (OR: 9.17; 95% CI: 1.69–49.62; p = 0.010 < 0.05) were also significantly associated with placenta accreta.
Increased first trimester serum PIGF was significantly positively associated with placenta accreta, suggesting that the potential role of PIGF in identifying pregnancies at high risk for placenta accreta. Previous cesarean section history and smoking may be the risk factors for accreta in placenta previa patients.
•First trimester serum PIGF was positively associated with placenta accrete.•PIGF have a potential role in identifying pregnancies risks of placenta accreta.•Previous cesarean section history and smoking may be the risk factors.
Early Onset Preeclampsia (EO-PE) is preeclampsia that develops before 34 weeks 'gestation, caused by intrinsic factors, while Late Onset Preeclampsia (LO-PE) is preeclampsia that develops after 34 ...weeks' gestation due to extrinsic and maternal factors. There is an increased production of antiangiogenic factors (sFlt-1, s-Eng and PIGF) contribute to pathophysiology of preeclampsia.This study aims to measure the difference of sFlt-1, sEng, PIGF levels between EO-PE and LO-PE. This was an observational study with cross sectional design conducted at Dr. M. Djamil, TK Hospital. III dr. Reksodiwiryo and Biomedical Laboratory FK Unand Padang from August 2017 to August 2018. The sample of this study were 26 severe preeclampsia women : 13 (EO-PE) and 13 (LO-PE), selected using consecutive sampling. Levels of sFlt-1, sEng, PIGF were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney Test. Results shown that serum levels of sFlt-1 and sEng in (EO-PE) were 9.51 ± 0.71 ng / L, 1.44 ± 0.06 ng / mL, 5.79 ± 0.42 ng / mL while in PEAL it was 8, 89 ± 0.78 ng / mL, 1.35 ± 0.14 ng / mL, 6.72 ± 0.76. There were a significant difference with a value of p <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that the levels of sFlt-1 and sEng are higher in (EO-PE) than(LO-PE)and PIGF levels was lower in (EO-PE) compared to (LO-PE)
The proliferation and migration of Schwann cells is pivotal to peripheral nerve injury (PNI) repair. Recent studies have revealed that Ginkgetin has neuroprotective effects. Hence, we focused on ...identifying whether Ginkgetin could regulate the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells, thereby contributing to the repair of PNI. Rat Schwann cells RSC96 were treated with different concentrations of Ginkgetin. Short hairpin RNA targeting phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class F (shPIGF) was employed to investigate the effects of PIGF on Ginkgetin-induced RSC96 cells. Viability of RSC96 cells was estimated via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and proliferation of the cells was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Migration was estimated via wound healing assay and invasion was evaluated through transwell assay. Western blot was employed to test the expressions of PIGF, protein-38 (p38), and phosphorylated p-38 (p-p38). Ginkgetin (50 or 100 μg/ml) increased the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RSC96 cells, up-regulated PIGF expression and raised the ratio of p-p38/p38, which were all reversed by PIGF silencing. Ginkgetin promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of Schwann cells via PIGF/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
•Ginkgetin promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of RSC96 cells.•Ginkgetin up-regulated PIGF level and activated p38 MAPK signaling pathway.•shPIGF reversed the effects of Ginkgetin on RSC96 cells.
Phosphor-in-glass film (PiGF) has been considered as a credible color converter in laser-driven white lighting. However, the PiGF confronts the inevitable roadblock of low light extraction ...efficiency, serious backward scattering, and low saturation threshold in transmissive configuration. In this work, a unique reflection design of heat-conducting PiGF-B converter was proposed for high-quality laser-driven white lighting. The PiGF-B converters with different film thicknesses and side lengths were excited by a blue laser diode (LD) and their optothermal performance was evaluated and compared with the traditional PiGF-T converter. Attributing to the backward emission light collection of mirror Al reflection cup and the high thermal conductivity of sapphire heat sink, the saturation power density and luminous flux threshold of PiGF-B-5 converter are 1925.3 lm and 15 W/mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\text{2}}</tex-math> </inline-formula>, which are over two times higher than the traditional PiGF-T-5 converter of 398.6 lm and 6 W/mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\text{2}}</tex-math> </inline-formula>, respectively. Furthermore, the PiGF-B-5 converter displays better correlated color temperature (CCT) and thermal stability even under higher power laser excitation. The results demonstrate that the PiGF-B converter provides an effective strategy for enabling high-quality laser-driven white lighting.
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