The face to face interaction of two dust acoustic solitons with adiabatically trapped ions and Maxwellian electrons is investigated in a dusty plasma. The extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) ...technique is used to derive a pair of trapped nonlinear partial differential equations with fractional nonlinearity. Interestingly, unlike the untrapped case, the interaction and the phase shifts of the dust acoustic solitons cannot be obtained analytically for the trapped case and, therefore, evaluated numerically. This leads to the important finding that the phase shift depends upon the velocities of both the solitons. Furthermore, the number density of electrons and the temperature of ions are found to affect the phase shift of the colliding solitons. The present investigation is carried out for the parameters pertaining to the Saturn’s magnetosphere, however, the results presented here are general and can be gainfully exploited to comprehend the interaction of solitons in space and laboratory applications of dusty plasmas.
•The face-to-face interaction of two dust acoustic solitons with trapped ions is investigated.•The PLK technique gives a pair of trapped Korteweg de Vries equations with fractional nonlinearity.•Unlike un-trapped case, interaction of solitons cannot be obtained analytically, so analysed numerically for the trapped case.•Furthermore, phase shifts of the solitons depend upon the velocities of both the solitons.•The plasma parameters pertaining to the Saturn’s magnetosphere affect the phase shift of colliding solitons.
The collisions of weakly nonlinear structures in an electronegative plasma consisting of Boltzmann electrons, Boltzmann negative ions, and cold mobile positive ions are investigated depending on ...experimental data. Our attention is focused on the study of the face-to-face soliton collisions, i.e. head-on soliton collisions. To do this, the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) reductive perturbation method is used. The present study is split into two parts: the first one, called generic case. In this case, the two-coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations and the analytical phase shifts after the head-on collision of the two-KdV solitons are obtained. Our numerical calculations, showed that both compressive and rarefactive solitons can exist in such plasma, depending on the relevant physical plasma parameters, namely the electrons-to-negative ion temperature ratio and the negative ion concentration. It is found that the phase shift has a positive sign for compressive solitary structures and negative sign for rarefactive solitary structures. At the critical value of the temperature ratio, the two-coupled modified Kortwege–de Vries (mKdV) equations are used to study the soliton collision rather than the two-KdV equations and the analytical phase shifts after the collision are derived. In the latter case (called special case), the combinations of negative and positive soliton collision can occur, contrary to the generic case, where both soliton collisions necessarily have the same polarity. The plasma parameter values for laboratory experiment are taken for discussion.
The coordinated activities of many protein kinases, acting on multiple protein substrates, ensures the error-free progression through mitosis of eukaryotic cells. Enormous research effort has thus ...been devoted to studying the roles and regulation of these mitotic kinases, and to the identification of their physiological substrates. Central for the timely deployment of specific protein kinases to their appropriate substrates during the cell division cycle are the many anchoring proteins, which serve critical regulatory roles. Through direct association, anchoring proteins are capable of modulating the catalytic activity and/or sub-cellular distribution of the mitotic kinases they associate with. The key roles of some anchoring proteins in cell division are well-established, whilst others are still being unearthed. Here, we review the current knowledge on anchoring proteins for some mitotic kinases, and highlight how targeting anchoring proteins for inhibition, instead of the mitotic kinases themselves, could be advantageous for disrupting the cell division cycle.
Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang besar pada seluruh aspek kehidupan tak terkecuali pendidikan. Pelaksanaan pendidikan yang biasanya secara langsung kini harus beralih secara daring termasuk ...Praktek Lapangan Kependidikan yang dikenal dengan PLK. Kondisi PLK ini tentunya menjadi hal baru dan dapat menjadi tantangan sendiri pada diri mahasiswa termasuk mahasiswa prodi pendidikan bahasa Jepang. Dalam menghadapi kondisi ini, tentunya diperlukan kecakapan dan kecerdasan yang mampu membantu mahasiswa tetap bertahan dalam kondisi tersebut yang juga dikenal dengan AQ. Pengukuran AQ menggunakan instrumen Adversity Quotient untuk mahasiswa yang telah melalui validasi ahli serta uji validitas dan realibilitas. Jumlah mahasiswa yang terlibat pada penelitian ini ialah 44 mahasiswa prodi Pendidikan bahasa Jepang yang melaksanakan PLK di sekolah secara daring tahun 2020. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang dilakukan dan dijibarkan, didapatkan hasil secara umum AQ mahasiswa yang menjalani PLK secara daring berada pada kondisi yang baik. Mahasiswa tetap mampu menunjukkan potensi dan tetap berusaha menjalani PLK segaimana mestinya meskipun dilakukan secara daring dan berada pada kondisi pandemi. Kata kunci: PLK, AQ , Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang.
•The nonlinear propagation of soliton waves can be expressed by different equations.•KdV equation includes the equilibrium between nonlinearity and dispersion sentences, which gives information about ...the soliton waves.•One of the distribution functions that have been utilized in the last few years is the C-T distribution function.•The results demonstrated that the parameters α and q have a great impact on phase. Velocity, nonlinear and dispersive coefficients, Sagdeev potential, maximum amplitude, and width of IASWs.
The interaction of positron acoustic soliton waves (PASWs) with the arbitrary collision angle in plasma including cold fluid positrons, stationary ions and electrons with Kappa-Cairns (K-C) distribution function have been studied. The equations of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the phase shifts are obtained by employing the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method for the two colliding waves. The influences of parameters of the K-C distribution function (κ and α), the collision angle θ and the proportion of the ion (electron) and positron unperturbed densities (βi(βe)) on the phase shifts are investigated.
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Despite significant advances in treatment, it remains one of the leading causes of female mortality. The inability to effectively ...treat advanced and/or treatment-resistant breast cancer demonstrates the need to develop novel treatment strategies and targeted therapies. Centrosomes and their associated proteins have been shown to play key roles in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and thus represent promising targets for drug and biomarker development. Centrosomes are fundamental cellular structures in the mammalian cell that are responsible for error-free execution of cell division. Centrosome amplification and aberrant expression of its associated proteins such as Polo-like kinases (PLKs), Aurora kinases (AURKs) and Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been observed in various cancers, including breast cancer. These aberrations in breast cancer are thought to cause improper chromosomal segregation during mitosis, leading to chromosomal instability and uncontrolled cell division, allowing cancer cells to acquire new genetic changes that result in evasion of cell death and the promotion of tumor formation. Various chemical compounds developed against PLKs and AURKs have shown meaningful antitumorigenic effects in breast cancer cells
and
. The mechanism of action of these inhibitors is likely related to exacerbation of numerical genomic instability, such as aneuploidy or polyploidy. Furthermore, growing evidence demonstrates enhanced antitumorigenic effects when inhibitors specific to centrosome-associated proteins are used in combination with either radiation or chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the roles of centrosome and centrosome-associated proteins in breast cancer pathogenesis and their utility as novel targets for breast cancer treatment.
Mitotic catastrophe is a form of cell death linked to aberrant mitosis caused by improper or uncoordinated mitotic progression. Abnormal centrosome amplification and mitotic catastrophe occur ...simultaneously, and some cells with amplified centrosomes enter aberrant mitosis, but it is not clear whether abnormal centrosome amplification triggers mitotic catastrophe. Here, to investigate whether radiation-induced abnormal centrosome amplification is essential for induction of radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe, centrinone-B, a highly selective inhibitor of polo-like kinase 4, was utilized to inhibit centrosome amplification, since polo-like kinase 4 is an essential kinase in centrosome duplication. When human cervical tumor HeLa cells and murine mammary tumor EMT6 cells were irradiated with 2.5 Gy of X-rays, cells with morphological features of mitotic catastrophe and the number of cells having >2 centrosomes increased in both cell lines. Although centrinone-B significantly inhibited radiation-induced abnormal centrosome amplification in both cell lines, such treatment did not change cell growth and significantly enhanced mitotic catastrophe in HeLa cells exposed to X-rays. In contrast, inhibition of centrosome amplification reduced cell growth and mitotic catastrophe in EMT6 cells exposed to X-rays. These results indicated that the role of radiation-induced abnormal centrosome amplification in radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe changes, depending on the cell type.
Object tracking is a problem about semi-supervised learning with insufficient data set. In the field of military navigation and security of public life, it is widely used to take the place of human ...beings. In this paper, we come up with a new algorithm based on Bayesian, CNN and PLK optical flow, which is called COB method, for object tracking problems. With the idea of track-by-detect, we cascade CNN after PLK optical flow and integrate them in a Bayesian method. Most importantly our method is proposed with an adaptive integrating method to reduce the influence of over-fitting. The integrator also introduces the competition mechanism between tracker and detector, so that the algorithm is able to update the classifier with online learning. Besides, the regularization of deep learning is used to solve the blind spots of classifier. The experimental results show that the algorithm is more robust than the previous work.
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoa
, which threatens a range of warm-blooded mammals including humans. To date, it remains a challenge to find ...safe and effective drug treatment or vaccine against toxoplasmosis. In this study, our results found that the development of a mutant strain based on gene disruption of dense granule protein 9 (gra9) in type II PLK strain decreased parasite replication
, severely attenuated virulence in mice, and significantly reduced the formation of cysts in animals. Hence, we developed an immunization scheme to evaluate the protective immunity of the attenuated strain of Δ
in type II PLK parasite as a live attenuated vaccine against toxoplasmosis in the mouse model. Δ
vaccination-induced full immune responses characterized by significantly high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), maintained the high
-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) level, and mixed high IgG1/IgG2a levels. Their levels provided the complete protective immunity which is a combination of cellular and humoral immunity in mouse models against further infections of lethal doses of type I RH, type II PLK wild-type tachyzoites, or type II PLK cysts. Results showed that Δ
vaccination proved its immunogenicity and potency conferring 100% protection against acute and chronic
challenges. Together, Δ
vaccination provided safe and efficient immune protection against challenging parasites, suggesting that
:Δ
is a potentially promising live attenuated vaccine candidate.
PDF
