Self-efficacy has long been viewed as an important determinant of academic performance. A counter-position is that self-efficacy is merely a reflection of past performance. Research in the area is ...limited by unidirectional designs which cannot address reciprocity or the comparative strength of directional effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis considered both directions of the relationship simultaneously, pooling data from longitudinal studies measuring both academic self-efficacy and academic performance over two waves. Pooled correlations (k=11, N=2688) were subjected to cross-lagged path analysis that provided support for a reciprocal effects model. Performance had a net positive effect on subsequent self-efficacy (β=0.205, p<0.001), significantly larger than the effect of self-efficacy on performance (β=0.071, p<0.001). Moderator analyses indicated that reciprocity holds for adults, but not for children (in whom performance uniquely impacts subsequent self-efficacy beliefs, but not the reverse). Cross-lagged effects were stronger in studies which used methodologies consistent with recommendations of self-efficacy theorists.
•First fully systematic review of the reciprocal relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance.•Self-efficacy has a unique effect on subsequent academic performance.•Academic performance has a unique effect on subsequent self-efficacy.•Reciprocity of self-efficacy and performance was found in adults, but not children.•Studies with methodologies consistent with self-efficacy theory show stronger effects.
The majority of evidence on the interplay between academic and non‐academic skills comes from high‐income countries. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional associations between ...Ghanaian children's executive function, social‐emotional, literacy, and numeracy skills longitudinally. Children (N = 3,862; M age = 5.2 years at time 1) were assessed using direct assessment at three time points over the course of two school years. Controlling for earlier levels of the same skill, early executive function predicted higher subsequent literacy and numeracy skills, and early literacy and numeracy skills predicted higher subsequent executive function, indicating that the development of executive function and academic skills is inter‐related and complementary over time. Early literacy and numeracy predicted subsequent social‐emotional skills, but early social‐emotional skills did not predict subsequent literacy and numeracy skills. The findings provide longitudinal evidence on children's learning and development in West Africa and contribute to a global understanding of the relations between various developmental skills over time.
We examine longitudinal associations between Ghanaian preschoolers' executive function (EF), social‐emotional (SE), early literacy, and early numeracy skills over 2 years. Earlier EF skills predict subsequent academic skills, and earlier academic skills predict subsequent EF skills. Early academic skills predict subsequent SE skills, but early SE skills do not predict subsequent early academic skills. The results contribute to a global understanding of the bidirectional relations between developmental skills over time.
This paper investigates the determinants of carbon emissions based on energy consumption, analyzing the data of 30 countries using nuclear energy for the period 1990–2014. Renewable energy and ...nuclear energy consumption are adopted as determinants, and real coal price and real GDP are used as additive variables. The panel cointegration analysis and Granger causality tests are conducted to investigating the relationship among the variables. First, the panel cointegration test results suggest that long-run equilibrium relationship exists among carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, and nuclear energy consumption. The results of the long-run cointegrating vector and Granger causality tests indicate that nuclear energy does not contribute to carbon reduction unlike renewable energy. Thus, the development and expansion of renewable, not nuclear, energy are essential to prevent global warming. Though there is a concern that rising energy prices caused by the expansion of renewable energy may impact the economy negatively, our empirical results also imply that renewable energy consumption will promote economic growth. In other words, our evidence shows that using and expanding renewable energy is both economically and ecologically beneficial.
•We investigate a role of renewable and nuclear energy on carbon mitigation.•The heterogeneous panel analysis is conducted to focus on renewable and nuclear.•Both renewable and nuclear energy can mitigate carbon emissions in the short-run.•Only renewable energy can achieve carbon mitigation in the long-run.•Policies for carbon emissions may reconsider the usage of nuclear power plant.
Nowadays, citizens collaborate increasingly with scientists in citizen science (CS) projects on environmental issues. CS projects often have educational goals and aim to increase citizens' knowledge ...with the ultimate goal of fostering positive attitudes toward science. To date, little is known about the extent to which CS projects strengthen the positive interrelationship between knowledge and attitudes. Based on previous research, it has been suggested that the knowledge–attitude relationship could be further examined by focusing on different aspects: (1) different attitudinal domains, (2) topic‐specific knowledge, and (3) its direction. Our study contributes to the clarification of the interrelation between scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science within the specific domain of urban wildlife ecology using cross‐lagged panel analyses. We collected survey data on five attitudinal domains, topic‐specific knowledge, scientific reasoning abilities, and epistemological beliefs from N = 303 participants before and after they participated in a CS project on urban wildlife ecology. Participants collected and analyzed data on terrestrial mammals in a German metropolitan city. Our results provide evidence for the relationship between knowledge and attitudes due to the topic‐specificity of knowledge in CS projects (e.g., wildlife ecology). Our method provided a rigorous assessment of the direction of the knowledge–attitude relationship and showed that topic‐specific knowledge was a predictor of more positive attitudes toward science.
The subject of this paper is the examination of the impact of liquidity on the profitability of 100 companies in the processing sector of the Republic of Serbia with the highest level of business ...income in the period from 2016 to 2020. A regression with fixed effects was applied to the panel data. Based on the obtained results, it can be argued that there is no direct relationship between indicators of accelerated liquidity and net return on assets when it comes to the observed companies, which implies that the optimal amount of cash and cash equivalents that would enable the maximization of net return on assets cannot be determined either.. There is no direct connection between profitability and the length of the business cycle of the observed companies. On the other hand, a faster turnover of capital results in a higher level of profitability, as well as the growth of company assets, while higher indebtedness has negative implications for the profitability of companies in the processing sector. The obtained results have significant implications for the decisions of financial managers, for the financial sector, as well as for competent state institutions.
•The first attempt of validating the EKC in construction waste management is made.•The EKC is found valid in the domain of construction waste management.•A panel analysis of 27 European economies is ...adopted for validating the EKC.•The EKC provides great referential value for both policymakers and researchers.
The environmental Kuznets curve has received widespread attention from researchers and policymakers for its ability to vividly capture the dynamics between economy and environment. While attempts have been made to validate the environmental Kuznets curve and harness its explanatory power in different dilemmatic scenarios (e.g., economic development and greenhouse gas induced climate change), these scenarios do not include construction waste management. Given its impact on economic development and environmental protection, this research investigates whether the environmental Kuznets curve is applicable to construction waste management. We adopt gross domestic product per capita and construction waste generation as economic and environmental indicators, respectively. Considering the stationary and long-term equilibrium effects, a panel dataset derived from 27 European economies is adopted to estimate the inverted-U relationship between gross domestic product per capita and construction waste generation. In the sample economy group, we confirm applicability of the environmental Kuznets curve to construction waste management. This study, therefore, makes a simple but non-trivial theoretical contribution by extending the environmental Kuznets curve to the construction waste management domain. Future studies are recommended to further validate the environmental Kuznets curve using a wider set of economies and longer panel data, and more importantly, to harness its power by implementing it in real-life construction waste management scenarios.
From an economic, political and social standpoint, one of the most evident and visible features of today's European Union as a supranational regional organization is its heterogeneity, where ...disparity seems to be the common denominator. This leads to the interest for measuring the territorial economic cohesion of the EU. From an eminently economic perspective, and working with the GDP per capita of the EU NUTS-2 regions for the period 2003–2021, this paper aims to provide evidence of a lack of territorial economic cohesion through a beta and sigma convergence methodology by applying cross-sectional and spatial panel data analysis.
The findings show that the speed of convergence depends mainly on the level of economic development, its cycles and the heterogeneity of the, which implies conditional convergence. Less developed regions show higher convergence speeds, which are also accentuated during recession periods. Greater heterogeneity among the regions also increases the convergence speed, while accentuating in the less developed regions. In general terms, the results reveal convergence speeds of the entire NUTS-2 regions between 7 and 11 per cent (much higher than 2 per cent under absolute convergence). Likewise, when considering spatial dependence, a reduction in convergence speeds between approximately 3 and 8 per cent is detected. Finally, the 29 vulnerable regions have been identified, with economic development and growth below the EU average mean, emphasizing the need to take the concerns of territorial economic cohesion into account.
•Less developed regions show higher convergence speeds, which are also accentuated during recession periods.•Greater heterogeneity among the regions increases the convergence speed, while accentuating in the less developed regions.•The results reveal convergence speeds between 7 and 11 per cent.•A reduction in convergence speeds between approximately 3 and 8 per cent with spatial dependence is detected.•The 29 vulnerable regions have been identified, with economic development and growth below the EU average mean.
•Identification of robust determinants of the Ecological Footprints.•Empirical panel approach proposed to address globalization on ecological pressures.•Globalization affects Ecological footprints ...depending on the dimension addressed.•Social and economic globalization are important to consider to address ecological overshoot.
This paper empirically analyzes the ecological consequences of globalization, by employing the Ecological Footprint (EF) as a proxy for human ecological demands and the KOF index of Globalization. We develop an unbalanced data set covering 146 countries over the 1981–2009 period and are thus able to address the influence of countries’ development over time. After empirically showing that globalization is an explanatory factor of ecological demands, an Extreme Bounds Analysis (EBA) identifies a robust set of impact factors. Subsequently, specific hypotheses on economic, political, social and overall globalization guide the empirical analysis. The findings suggest that economic globalization drives the EF of consumption, production, imports and exports. Social globalization correlates negatively with the EF of consumption and production, while increasing the EF of imports and exports. No effects are found for political globalization while overall globalization is positively correlated with EFs of imports and exports. The findings show that globalization may have different effects on EFs depending on the dimension (consumption, production, exports and imports) referred to.
Are feelings of not mattering an antecedent of depressive symptoms, a consequence, or both? Most investigations focus exclusively on feelings of not mattering as an antecedent of depressive symptoms. ...Our current study examines a vulnerability model, a complication model, and a reciprocal relations model according to a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). A sample of 197 community adults completed the General Mattering Scale (GMS), the Anti-Mattering Scale (AMS), and a depression measure at three time points (i.e., baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks). GMS and AMS scores were associated robustly with depressive symptoms at each time point. Other results highlighted the need to distinguish levels of anti-mattering and mattering. CLPM analyses supported a reciprocal relations model of anti-mattering (assessed by the AMS) and depressive symptoms and a complication model linking mattering (assessed by the GMS) and depressive symptoms. The RI-CLPM analyses provided tentative support only for a complication model of anti-mattering and depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the differences between measures of the mattering construct and the need to adopt a temporal perspective that considers key nuances and the interplay among feelings of mattering, feelings of not mattering, and depression.
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