Destination memory involves remembering to whom we told information. Low accuracy of this memory is linked to higher self‐focus and lower attentional resources allocated to the recipient of the ...information. The present paper aimed to investigate whether the existence of distinctive features (e.g., tattoos) of destination face would improve destination memory, in a within‐ (Experiment 1 and 2) and between‐participants (Experiment 3) design. In a destination memory task, participants had to tell proverbs to faces that presented a distinctive feature and to other faces that did not. Results showed that a destination memory advantage only occurs when faces with different distinctive features are compared to faces without distinctive features (Experiment 1). These results are in accordance with the existing theoretical framework on destination memory and distinctiveness; highlighting the importance of personal attributes, namely, the distinctiveness of the destination face and the relativity of distinctiveness in destination memory.
Low recruitment rates in palliative care clinical trials amongst Black and rural individuals have been attributed to lack of trust and procedural barriers. Community engagement strategies have ...increased clinical trial participation of under-represented populations.
Describe a successful community-engaged recruitment strategy in an ongoing multi-site randomized clinical trial (RCT).
Using community-based participatory research principles and input from a prior pilot study's community advisory group (CAG), we designed a novel recruitment strategy for Community Tele-Pal, a three-site, culturally based palliative care tele-consult RCT for Black and White seriously ill inpatients and their family caregivers. Local site CAGs helped design and implement a recruitment strategy in which a CAG member accompanied the study coordinators to introduce the study to eligible patients. Initially, CAG members could not accompany study coordinators in person due to pandemic restrictions. Hence, they created videos of themselves introducing the study, just as they would have done in person. We examined outcomes to date by the three recruitment methods and race.
Of the 2879 patients screened, 228 were eligible and approached. Overall, the proportions of patients who consented 102 (44.7%) vs. not consented 126 (55.3%) were similar by race- White (consented= 75 44.1%) vs; Black (consented = 27 46.6%). Proportionally, consent rates favored CAG-involved methods: coordinator only- 47 approached and 13 (12.7%) consented vs. coordinator/CAG video-105 approached and 60 (58.8%) consented.
A novel community-enhanced recruitment strategy demonstrated the potential to increase clinical trial participation from historically under-represented populations.
Customer engagement (CE) is an emerging perspective that provides a holistic view of the ways in which customers’ interactive experiences with organizations create value for both the parties. Central ...to this, is the need to develop an understanding of why a customer would choose to invest their resources (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) with an organization, to be able to better facilitate this engagement and properly value the outcomes from it. Sport, with its inherently strong interactions for both participants and fans, would seem an ideal setting to study CE. To date, however, the CE work in sport domains has largely followed established paths. Given CE’s potential to unify many disparate areas of sport research, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the CE work to date and highlights several ways sport can leverage and advance this work through both academic research and management practice.
A Trip to Guatemala Natalia Bailey
Journal of urban mathematics education,
12/2023, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Our research institutions in the US do an excellent job of both protecting participants and allowing researchers to ask and answer new questions. When a researcher embarks on a journey to examine ...educational spaces in another country, how does and IRB protect or hinder research attempts? This paper documents the journey of one researcher examining the line between researcher and friend. Questions are posed about protection of participants, power of the IRB, and how data might be collected or shared.
The article reviewed the literature in the framework of the study of digital platforms. The main types of digital platforms were considered: instrumental, infrastructural and applied. Within the ...framework of three types of digital platforms, the features of the of interaction mechanism between their participants are considered.
A study was also conducted in terms of determining the levels of interaction between participants of digital platforms within the framework of social, managerial, economic and technological activities. It was revealed that, in general, within the framework of digital platforms, their participants are characterized by a high level of relationships.
At the same time, the article conducted a study to determine the role of each participant in the development of their interaction within digital platforms of instrumental, infrastructural and applied types. It is revealed that the development of relationships between participants of digital platforms is influenced by the integration of all participants providing a synergistic effect.
Ensuring quality, safety and efficacy of all pharmaceuticals is the responsibility of drug regulators. However, healthcare workers should be aware of the legal/regulatory provisions involved. This ...study was planned to assess and compare the knowledge of various drugs schedules under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 amongst medical students, post graduate residents and pharmacists.
A questionnaire was designed based on review of literature and was validated. After obtaining ethical clearance and consent from participants, questionnaire was administered to students undergoing internship/6 th semester/4 th semester, post graduate residents and pharmacy students. Participants' knowledge was assessed based on the percentage of correct responses and the intergroup comparison was done by applying ANOVA test.
Overall, nearly half of the participants had poor knowledge about schedule H1. Sixth semester MBBS students had maximum knowledge followed by interns whereas pharmacy students, 4 th semester MBBS students and PG residents had poor knowledge about drug schedules.
The study clearly highlights the need for further knowledge dissemination about drug schedules. We recommend that a capsule course be developed especially for post graduate residents and final year pharmacy students.
Understanding racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in physical activity (PA) is important, as certain subgroups bear a disproportionate burden of physical inactivity-related diseases. This ...descriptive study compared mean leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (LTMVPA) by race/ethnicity and nativity.
The Cancer Prevention Study-3 (78.1% women; age, 47.9 ± 9.7 yr) includes 4722 (1.9%) Asian/Pacific Islander; 1232 (0.5%) Black/Indigenous (non-White) Latino; 16,041 (6.5%) White Latino; 9295 (3.8%) non-Latino Black; 2623 (1.1%) Indigenous American; and 210,504 (85.7%) non-Latino White participants across the United States and Puerto Rico. Participants completed validated LTMVPA and 24-h time use surveys at enrollment (2006-2013). Differences in LTMVPA across race/ethnicity and nativity were examined by ANCOVA with paired Tukey tests adjusting for age and sex. The proportion of time spent sitting, sleeping, and on PA by race/ethnicity was also compared.
There were significant differences in LTMVPA by race/ethnicity (race main effect, P < 0.001; nativity, P = 0.072; interaction, P < 0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed that White participants born abroad were the most active (23.8 MET-h·wk-1) and non-White Latino participants born abroad were the least active (17.9 MET-h·wk-1). Among Latinos, participants born in Puerto Rico were 6.6-7.3 MET-h·wk-1 less active than participants born in Mexico, the United States/Canada, or other countries. There were variations in time use by race/ethnicity, with the largest difference in time spent sitting while watching TV. Black participants spent 14.8% of the day (~3.5 h) sitting watching TV, which was 78 min longer than Asian/Pacific Islander participants.
This study suggests that there are differences in LTMVPA accumulation by race, ethnicity, and nativity. Results can be used to identify demographic groups that may benefit from culturally tailored PA interventions.
Thematic analysis (TA) is widely used in qualitative psychology. In using TA, researchers must choose between a diverse range of approaches that can differ considerably in their underlying (but often ...implicit) conceptualizations of qualitative research, meaningful knowledge production, and key constructs such as themes, as well as analytic procedures. This diversity within the method of TA is typically poorly understood and rarely acknowledged, resulting in the frequent publication of research lacking in design coherence. Furthermore, because TA offers researchers something closer to a method (a transtheoretical tool or technique) rather than a methodology (a theoretically informed framework for research), one with considerable theoretical and design flexibility, researchers need to engage in careful conceptual and design thinking to produce TA research with methodological integrity. In this article, we support researchers in their conceptual and design thinking for TA, and particularly for the reflexive approach we have developed, by guiding them through the conceptual underpinnings of different approaches to TA, and key design considerations. We outline our typology of three main "schools" of TA-coding reliability, codebook, and reflexive-and consider how these differ in their conceptual underpinnings, with a particular focus on the distinct characteristics of our reflexive approach. We discuss key areas of design-research questions, data collection, participant/data item selection strategy and criteria, ethics, and quality standards and practices-and end with guidance on reporting standards for reflexive TA.
To assess the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the 100-item short form of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5-SF), 2,143 community-dwelling adults (59.6% female), and 706 ...adult clinical participants (52.4% female) were administered the Italian translation of the PID-5. Clinical participants were also administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-II), and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). Item response theory analysis showed that all proposed PID-5-SF items showed adequate item discrimination parameters in both community-dwelling adults and clinical adults. All PID-5-SF trait scales showed satisfactory internal consistency estimates. PID-5-SF five-factor structure closely matched the factor structure of the PID-5 in both community-dwelling participants and clinical participants and was invariant across the two samples that participated in this study. Moreover, the factor structure of the PID-5-SF closely replicated the factor of the PID-5-SF that was originally reported in Maples et al.’s study. In our clinical sample, dominance analysis results showed that PID-5-SF scales explained a nonnegligible and significant amount of variance in both SCID-II and PDQ-4+ ratings of selected DSM-5 Section II personality disorder, and the use of the PID-5-SF did not result in a substantial loss of information as compared with the original PID-5.
The emerging discipline of Animal–Computer Interaction (ACI) aims to take what in Interaction Design is known as a user-centred approach to the design of technology intended for animals, placing them ...at the centre of the design process as stakeholders, users, and contributors. However, current regulatory frameworks for the involvement of animals in research are not animal-centred, regarding them as research instruments, unable to consent to procedures that may harm them, rather than consenting research participants and design contributors. Such frameworks aim to minimise the impacts of research procedures on the welfare of individual animals, but this minimisation is subordinated to specific scientific and societal interests, and to the integrity of the procedures required to serve those interests. From this standpoint, the universally advocated principles of replacement, reduction and refinement aim to address the ethical conflicts arising from the assumed inability of individual animals to consent to potentially harmful procedures, but such principles in fact reflect a lack of individual centrality.
This paper makes the case for moving beyond existing regulations and guidelines towards an animal-centred framework that can better support the development of ACI as a discipline. Firstly, recognising animal welfare as a fundamental requirement for users and research participants alike, the paper articulates the implications of a welfare-centred ethics framework. Secondly, recognising consent as an essential requirement of participation, the paper also defines criteria for obtaining animals׳ mediated and contingent consent to engaging with research procedures. Further, the paper argues for the methodological necessity, as well as the ethical desirability, of such an animal-centred framework, examining the boundaries of its applicability as well as the benefits of its application. Finally, the paper puts forward a series of practical principles for conducting ACI research, which imply but also essentially exceed the welfare and ethics requirements of current regulatory frameworks.
•Propose an animal-centred ethical framework to support ACI development.•Articulate the implications of a welfare-centred ethical approach.•Define criteria for obtaining animals׳ mediated and contingent consent.•Put forward a series of practical principles for conducting ACI research.
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