Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the acaricidal activity of two forms of geranium (
Pelargonium graveolens
) (PG). These two forms were the
P. graveolens
...essential oil nanoemulsion (PGN), and the PG in combination with the sesame oil (SO), PGSO). These forms were first evaluated in vitro for their adulticidal, ovicidal, and larvicidal activities against the different stages of acaricide-resistant
Rhipicephalus annulatus
(Say). Geranium nanoemulsion was prepared and then characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and zeta droplet size measurement. The results revealed that LC
50
of the PG against the adult ticks was attained at concentration of 7.53% while it was decreased to 1.91% and 5.60% for PGSO and PGN, respectively. Also, the LC
50
of PGN and PGSO were reached at concentrations of 1.688 and 0.944%, respectively against the larvae while the LC
50
of the PG was reached at concentration of 3.435% for. The combination of PGN with PG exhibited non-significant ovicidal effect meanwhile PGSO showed significant ovicidal effect even at the low concentration (2.5%). The PGSO and PGN formulations were applied in a field trial to control the ticks of the naturally infested cattle. PGSO and PGN significantly reduced the tick burden to 74.83% and 87.97%, respectively at 3 weeks post-application with performance better than the deltamethrin (29.88%). In conclusion, the two PG forms can be used as suitable alternatives to control
R. annulatus
tick and they need further modifications for effective field application.
The essential oil of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L′Herit ex Aiton) has multifarious properties and is one of the industrially important aromatic crop. Since the productivity, content, and ...composition of essential oil of geranium is well recognized that geranium depends on both external and internal variabilities, which include suitable cultivars, climate, and seasonal changes, knowledge of the different agro-climatic conditions is necessary for the production of quality essential oil. Hence, the current investigation was carried out to study the variation in the yield productivity and essential oil composition of the two selected geranium cultivars, CIMAP Bio-G-171 (C1) existing cultivar and the newly released cultivar CIM-Bharat (C2). The study was conducted during the year 2020–2022 in a tropical region of five different districts/locations Satara district (L1), Ratnagiri district (L2), Bhandara district (L3), Jalgaon district (L4) and Ahmednagar district (L5) of Maharashtra, India. The results findings revealed that the productivity of geranium cultivars was influenced by different locations in Maharashtra. From the mean data of locations, fresh biomass yield was ranging 47.62–27.47 (ton ha−1). From the mean data of the cultivar, C2 showed a maximum (56.45 kg ha−1) essential oil yield over the presently dominant cultivar C1 (47.55 kg ha−1), however C:G ratio of cultivar C2 was higher than C1 in all locations. According to the average economic data from each location, L3 had the maximum gross return (10,270 US$ ha−1 or 8.036 × 105 INR ha−1), total net profit (7356 US$ ha−1 or 5.756 × 105 INR ha−1), and B:C ratio (2.52), while it was followed by L2 and lowest was achieved in L5.
•Newly developed cultivar ‘CIM-Bharat’ is able to provide more monetary returns than ‘CIMAP-Bio-G-171′.•Productivity and essential oil yield of geranium cultivars variegate according to different environmental conditions.•Essential oil content in geranium cultivars ranged from 0.14% to 0.22%.•Citronellol: Geraniol (C:G) ratio of ‘CIM-Bharat’ were high in all the regions as compare with ‘CIMAP-Bio-G-171′.
Determinadas plantas medicinais possuem nomes populares semelhantes entre si. Malva sylvestris e Pelargonium graveolens são espécies conhecidas pelo mesmo nome popular “Malva” e, portanto, comumente ...confundidas, além de serem usadas para fins medicinais parecidos. O objetivo do trabalho foi executar uma revisão da literatura dos últimos dez anos sobre o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico de óleos essenciais de M. sylvestris e P. graveolens, com a finalidade de identificar os principais componentes químicos e atividades biológicas. Os resultados descrevem a produção comercial destes óleos essenciais, no qual P. graveolens, que também é conhecido popularmente como gerânio ou malva-cheirosa, possui um forte efeito terapêutico em sua composição. Quanto aos componentes químicos, os ácidos graxos: ácido linolênico, ácido linoléico e ácido palmítico são constituintes majoritários dos óleos de M. Sylvestris. Enquanto P. graveolens é composto principalmente de citronelol, geraniol, formiato de citronelila e mentona. As principais atividades relatadas foram: antimicrobiana, antifúngica, inseticida e antioxidante.
Certain medicinal plants have popular names similar to each other. Malva sylvestrisand Pelargonium graveolensare species by the same popular name “Malva”, and therefore commonly confused, in addition ...to being used for similar medicinal purposes. The objective of the work was to perform a literature review of the last ten years on the development of scientific knowledge of essential oils of M. sylvestrisand P. graveolens, with an important to identify the main chemical components and biological activities. The results describe the commercial production of these essential essentials, where P. graveolens, which is also popularly known as geranium or mallow has a strong therapeutic effect in its composition. As for chemical components, fatty acids: linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid are major constituents of M. Sylvestrisoils. While P. graveolensis composed mainly of citronelol, geraniol, citronellate formate and menthol. The main activities reported were antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticide and antioxidant.
Various skin diseases are occurring due to external factors such as urbanization and increase in environmental pollution and wearing masks due to COVID-19. Accordingly, various functional cosmetics ...are being released, but as some side effects are reported, research on functional cosmetics materials using natural plants is necessary. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus emblica, Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), and Commiphora myrrha mixed extracts (PGC) that pharmacological efficacy has been verified were analyzed and their potential as functional cosmetics raw materials was examined. Four extracts (PGC-1~4) were prepared according to the extraction method. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity experiments were conducted for the antioxidant efficacy of the extracts. In addition, paper disc experiments and LPS inflammation-inducing cytokine experiments were conducted to examine the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, a cell viability test was performed to confirm cytotoxicity. As results of the study, all extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects without cytotoxicity, and in particular, PGC-4, a fermentation and ultrasonic extract, showed the best efficacy. This means that the extraction yield of useful components varies depending on the extraction method.
Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Herit. ex Aiton), belonging to the family Geraniaceae, has gained considerable attention because of its fragrance and high economic value. The ...compositional complexity of rose-scented geranium essential oil (GEO) has been challenging for quality control. In this study, the chemical profiles of GEOs extracted from Indian cultivars/genotypes were developed using polarity-based fractionation, followed by characterization using a combination of gas chromatography (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The analysis led to the identification of 121 compounds. Major components of the GEOs were citronellol (22.4–42.2 %), geraniol (5.7–30.5 %), linalool (2.1–9.8 %), citronellyl formate (4.0–9.5 %), isomenthone (5.3–7.5 %), geranyl formate (2.0–5.1 %), 6,9-guaiadiene (0.0–4.3 %), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (0.2–6.4 %), 2-phenyl ethyl tiglate (1.0–2.1 %), geranyl tiglate (1.4–2.7 %), germacrene D (0.8–1.7 %) and geranial (0.4–1.6 %). This study identified effective markers which could help determine the authenticity of Indian cultivars/genotypes. Physical properties and chromatographic profiles of GEOs and terpeneless GEOs (TLOs) derived from Indian cultivar/genotype were compared. The two-step chromatographic separation coupled with principal component analysis allowed the identification of possible markers. The presence or absence of the sesquiterpenes, namely 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, 6,9-guaiadiene, and some other minor constituents, physical, and organoleptic properties, could effectively distinguish and define the quality of Indian cultivars/genotypes. Besides, the GEOs and TLOs prepared from different cultivars exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.
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•Rose-scented geranium essential oil is known for its chemical complexity.•Chemical characterization and quality control of Indian genotypes were done.•Fractionation followed by GC-MS analysis led to the separation of co-eluting components.•The compounds identified could be viable tools for genotypes authentication.•Indian genotypes meet international standards.
Due to the increasing demands of consumers from the food packaging, it enabled the improve of active packaging practices. Antimicrobial and antifungal coatings or films are an active packaging ...application. In such packaging materials, natural or synthetic antimicrobial material is added to the film or coating to help the packaging protect food. The use of biofilms produced from biopolymers in food packaging is more suitable than polymers with many damages such as PET, PE. Film production of many biopolymers such as cellulose derivatives, chitosan, PVA, starch PLA can be realized.
plant is a natural source with strong antifungal and antimicrobial properties. For the reasons explained above, the experimental study aims to manufacture printable film with antimicrobial properties which is used in active packaging, using cellulose butyrate acetate and
essential oil. For this purpose, cellulose butyrate acetate bio films, having variative ratios (0.1, 2.5, 5, 10 %) of
oil, were produced with spin coating method. The transparency of prepared five different films were defined by UV–vis. spectroscopy. The antimicrobial properties of the produced films were measured against gram positive and negative bacteria. All produced biofilms were printed. The printability parameters of biofilms, (color, gloss) were determined. Consequently, cellulose butyrate acetate films loaded with
oil were successfully produced. It is concluded that obtained all biofilms are with no color, transparent and printable with oil based inks. It was determined that the quantity
oil raised in the biofilms had a strong inhibitory effect against gram positive and negative bacteria. With these features; produced films are considered to be suitable for active packaging applications.
The current study provides the first comprehensive assessment of rose geranium oil (commercially referred to as a hybrid of Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér.) extracted from plants cultivated in Lebanon. ...The chemical composition was deciphered by GC–MS, and citronellol (30.5%), citronellyl formate (15.9%), trans-geraniol (12.8%), linalool (8.6%), and isomenthone (8.0%) were the major constituents. The oil composition most closely resembles rose geranium oil from Egypt. The essential oil exhibited weak antioxidant activity with only 16% inhibition achieved at 2.2 mg/mL in the DPPH radical-scavenging assay. The antiinflammatory activity of the essential oil was evaluated in three different setups, namely albumin denaturation, heat induced hemolysis, and nitric oxide scavenging activity, where a dose-dependent response was observed in the different assays. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil revealed a bactericidal effect against the tested bacterial strains. The essential oil showed good cytotoxicity against HCT 116 human colon cancer cells with an IC50 value of 74 µg/mL as determined by the MTT cell viability assay. In the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay, the oil displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 10.5 mg/mL, thus highlighting the antiAlzheimer's protection potential of the extract. Finally, no significant hemolytic activity was observed even at the highest tested concentration (5 mg/mL). In conclusion, rose geranium oil produced in Lebanon demonstrated promising biological properties, and its cultivation for medicinal and industrial applications is highly recommended.
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•Lebanese rose geranium (Pelargonium cv. Rosé) essential oil is of commercial value.•The essential oil exhibited prominent antiinflammatory and cytotoxic activities.•The essential oil is strongly antibacterial against selected microorganisms.•The essential oil showed strong AChE inhibition, did not cause hemolysis of HRBCs.•The production of rose geranium oil in Lebanon appears to be feasible.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) (LEO) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) (GEO) essential oils on growth, immunity, ...antioxidant responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (3.04 ± 0.003 g) were fed the basal diet (G1), or the basal diet supplemented with LEO at 200 and 400 mg kg−1 of the diet (G2 and G3), or GEO at 200 and 400 mg kg−1 of the diet (G4 and G5), respectively for 12 weeks. Growth indices and feed utilization were significantly improved with G2, G3 and G5 groups. Also, a significant increase in protein content of the whole body was recorded in all groups. G2 and G5 showed a significant rise of both catalase activity and reduced glutathione content with a significant incline in the MDA level. Lysozyme activity and total IgM levels were significantly increased in G2 and G5 groups. G3 and G5 groups had a significantly lower intestinal total bacteria, Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas spp counts. Following challenge with A. hydrophila, all groups had a high survival rate. In conclusion, LEO and GEO could be a candidate dietary supplementation in fish improving growth performance, feed utilization, oxidative status, immune responses and disease resistance.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared using four different plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. The extracts were obtained from the following plants: Salvia officinalis, Lippia ...citriodora, Pelargonium graveolens and Punica granatum. The size distributions of the GNPs were measured using three different methods: dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle-tracking analysis and analysis of scanning electron microscopy images. The three methods yielded similar size distributions. Biocompatibility was examined by correlation of L-cell growth in the presence of different amounts of GNPs. All GNPs showed good biocompatibility and good stability for over 3 weeks. Therefore, they can be used for imaging and drug-delivery applications in the human body. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to view the shapes of the larger GNPs, while infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize the various functional groups in the organic layer that stabilize the particles. Finally, active ingredients in the plant extract that might be involved in the formation of GNPs are proposed, based on experiments with pure antioxidants that are known to exist in that plant.
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