The article discusses the teachings of Feliks Koneczny about the nation and the state. Koneczny was an outstanding Polish historian, philosopher and historiosophist, and the author of many works ...devoted to the history of world civilizations. He described in his publications especially the Latin, Byzantine and Jewish civilizations. In his research focused on the issues of the nation and the state and their mutual relations. He believed that the existence of the nation is the result of the historical process taking place in the Latin civilization. No other civilization has enabled the emergence of a spiritual community that protects a person’s right to a dignified life. It enables the individual to develop comprehensive way, especially in the area of broadly understood spiritual culture. The state, on the other hand, is a community that organizes the nation for community life through efficient administration and governance that enables the realization of the aspirations of human beings. If the state pursues only the goals of the authorities, and not of the nation, it begins to be for a threat to him. The freedom of people in the state and respect for their dignity gives an opportunity development of national culture and strengthens the power of the state as a community of people, and not only physically coexisting individuals.
The article discusses the philosophical, legal, historical, and technological aspects of the space state, provides definitions, presents classifications, models, suggests examples, and makes ...forecasts. The general classification of participants in space activities for the purpose of survival and development, as well as the universal classification of space states have been developed. The definitions of space states are given, criteria for classifying space states into different levels and types are proposed, considering the areas and scope of space activities, and their various forms are shown. The prospects and limitations of the space states, their philosophical and technological aspects, including those in the new era of international cooperation, taking into account the possibilities of creating the World Cosmic Union, are briefly reviewed, as well as the futurological aspect of a universal space state is considered.
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the law does not exclude liberty. The scope of considerations over the liberty, community and law is determined by a specified, i.e. Enlightenment-based ...intellectual tradition. The article analyses two types of communities distinguished by E.J. Weinrib. The first community would be unified just as the Plato’s state was. The second type of communities (rooted in Aristotelian thought) would be characterised by the existence of positive relationship between the individuals who retain a significant degree of autonomy. In Plato’s state there is no law and in Aristotle’s state the law is supposed to organise a community based on training the virtues and kindness towards one another. Which model leaves more liberty to the citizens? Law does not stand in opposition to individual liberty when the citizens are not willing to break the law (law can even impose certain moral rules). However, the state limits liberty when there is no space for criticising the state even if the state and the law were minimal (in the liberal spirit). In that sense, the liberal state may interfere in liberty stronger than the paternalistic state.
Any assessment of the continuity between Hegel and Marx must divide into two parts: Speculative Philosophy and Methodology. In this essay I deal with Marx's First Appropriation of Hegel, the years ...1836-1850. Marx perceived Hegel as a Speculative Idealist, or affirmed that Idea was the pneumatic force in the universe. Reading Hegel from this perspective led Marx to misunderstand Hegel, particularly The Philosophy of Right. Marx's misreading of Hegel is encapsulated in his 1843 text 'Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of State' in which Marx mistakenly characterizes Hegel's theory of state as an objectification of the Idea. But Marx's erroneous evaluation of Hegelian philosophy did not mean that he rejected Hegelian methodology. as a difference exists between philosophy and methodology, which is not logic. Marx appropriated the methodology of The Science of Logic, specifically Book Two, 'The Doctrine of Essence' and used this methodology as the explanatory paradigm by which to interpret social formations. The Hegelian modes of Totality, Form-Content and Organicism were the ground, the analytical devices through which Marx interpreted a social system.
The article discusses four facets of the subject of legitimacy. The first issue concerns the understanding of the concept of legitimacy. The Author opts for a definition which treats "belief in ...legitimacy" (Legitimitatsglaube) as central for the whole concept and regards legitimacy as a "popular philosophy of power". The second issue deals with the Weberian type of legal rational legitimacy. Following Mommsen the Author proposes to treat substantive and procedural brands of democracy as separate sub types of legal rational legitimacy. The third issue concerns the inclusion of views on the economic system as part of beliefs about state legitimacy (which was not explicitly stated by Weber). Finally, the fourth postulates introducing to academic discourse national democratic legitimacy as a significant form of justification of a political system. The final part of the paper discusses, quite extensive, many specific details of the typology suggested by the Author. Adapted from the source document.
Iako je prošlo gotovo dvije decenije od propasti političkog sustava u kojem je hrvatski filozofski autor i političar Julije Makanec (1904.–1945.) bio prešućivan po ideološkom i političkom kriteriju, ...ni u novim političkim okolnostima nije primjereno i sustavno obrađen, iako to njegovi filozofijski radovi, po ocjeni autora, zaslužuju. Autor prikazuje dosadašnje parcijalno bavljenje Makancem u razdoblju nakon 1990. i sugerira moguće razloge zašto je izostala ozbiljnija obrada njegova opusa, s naglaskom na radove iz filozofije države i politike.
Bibliogr. s. 169-173
Rozprawa doktorska. Uniwersytet Warszawski, 1933
Streszcz. fr.
Bibliogr. s. 169-173
Rozprawa doktorska. Uniwersytet Warszawski, 1933
Streszcz. fr.
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