In this work we study several Formula omitted and Formula omitted states dynamically generated from the meson-baryon interaction in coupled channels, using an extension of the local hidden gauge ...approach in the Bethe-Salpeter equation. These molecular states appear as poles of the scattering amplitudes, and several of them can be identified with the experimentally observed Formula omitted states, including the Formula omitted, Formula omitted, Formula omitted, Formula omitted and Formula omitted. Also, for the recently reported Formula omitted state, we find two poles with masses and widths remarkably close to the experimental data, for both the Formula omitted and Formula omitted sectors.
A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment (LCA) was done to identify the environmental impacts related to pentachlorophenol (penta)-treated wooden utility poles. Penta-treated utility poles commonly ...are used for electricity distribution and transmission, and telecommunications. In addition, this LCA has evaluated the opportunities to reduce the environmental impacts associated with penta-treated poles and has compared the penta-treated pole product to alternative products. A model of penta-treated utility pole life cycle stages was created and used to determine inputs and outputs during the pole production, treating, service life, and disposal stages. Pole production data are based on published sources. Primary wood preservative treatment data were obtained by surveying wood treatment facilities in the United States. Product service life and disposal inventory data are based on published data and professional judgment. Life cycle inventory inputs, outputs, and impact indicators for penta-treated utility poles were quantified per pole. In a similar manner, an inventory model was developed for the manufacture, service life, and disposal of the primary alternative products: steel and spun concrete utility poles. Impact indicator values, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil fuel and water use, and emissions with the potential to cause acidification, smog, ecological toxicity, and eutrophication were quantified for each of the pole products.
The GHG, fossil fuel use, acidification, water use, eutrophication, and ecological toxicity impact indicator values for penta-treated poles are less than those for concrete poles. The GHG, fossil fuel use, acidification, water use, and ecological toxicity impact indicator values for penta-treated poles are less than those for steel poles. The values are about equal for eutrophication. The smog impact from penta-treated poles is greater than the smog impact from both concrete and steel poles.
Time delay handling is a major challenge in dominant pole placement design due to variable number of poles and zeros arising from the approximation of the delay term. This paper proposes a new theory ...for continuous time PID controller design using a dominant pole placement method mapped on to the discrete time domain with an appropriate choice of the sampling time to convert the delays in to finite number of poles. The method is developed to handle linear systems, represented by second-order plus time delay (SOPTD) transfer function models. The proposed method does not contain finite-term approximations such as various orders of Pade, for handling the time delays, which may affect the number and orientation of the resulting poles/zeros. Effectiveness of the proposed method have been shown using numerical simulations on nine SOPTD test-bench processes and another six challenging processes including single, double integrators, and process with zero damping.
AbstractWood poles are among key components of the overhead grid infrastructure that are highly vulnerable to wind hazards. In coastal regions where hurricanes are often accompanied with a storm ...surge, in addition to high wind pressure, poles may experience significant surge and wave loads with the potential of triggering multiple failure mechanisms. However, multihazard pole fragility models that consider various modes of failure are lacking. This paper proposed a set of parameterized fragility models that are a function of wind-, surge-, and wave-related intensity measures and properties of poles. For this purpose, a design of experiment was conducted to generate realizations of intensity measures and pole-specific deterministic and uncertain parameters. For each realization, the state of survival/failure of pole was estimated for each mode of failure. Subsequently, for each class of pole and soil type, a logistic regression was carried out to generate fragility models for pole rupture at the ground line and pole overturning due to foundation failure. The results indicated that both pole rupture and foundation failure can be significant modes of failure conditioned on the type of soil. For example, for medium-strength cohesive soils, both modes of failure were significant, whereas for very-stiff-strength cohesive soils, pole rupture was the dominant mode of failure. The results of this study are key for risk and resilience analysis of coastal electric power systems and provide useful insights for decision making and risk management processes.
A novel dimensionless parameterisation of the three-pole assignment for control plants with delay is presented. A second-order model with input delay is chosen as an approximation of the plant ...properties. The prescribed trio of poles is considered in form of one pair of complex conjugates and a real pole and it is shown that this option is not a matter of choice but necessary constraint for control design with delay in the loop. The prescribed poles are determined by the damping and root ratios with a natural frequency derived from the ultimate frequency of the plant. The three-pole assignments are determined by two similarity numbers
considered as coordinates of the map. The limitation of admissible damping ratio due to the dominance condition is one of the original results presented in the paper. Furthermore, the influence of the root ratio is evaluated and final design recommendations are presented.
The magnetic poles or dip poles are the points on the Earth's surface and circum‐terrestrial area where the magnetic field is vertical, so the horizontal component vanishes. They are not coincident ...with geomagnetic poles, which are the points where the dipole axis, obtained by analytic models, intersects the Earth's surface, and their instrumental sampling determination from ad hoc ground surveys is difficult due to the harsh environmental conditions and remoteness of the areas where they are located. In this work, we use magnetic field measurements from ESA's Swarm satellites covering 5 years (2015–2019), and determine the position of the magnetic poles by modeling the yearly average horizontal magnetic field component through analytic two‐dimensional Taylor polynomial fit and finding the locations where this component is minimum. The yearly dip poles positions at average satellites geocentric altitudes are also projected at ground level based on WGS84 geodetic reference system. Reliability of our method is evaluated by an optimized Monte Carlo test applied to combined International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model and Swarm data. The availability of several years of data allows us to investigate the long term variation and dynamics of the magnetic poles, also in comparison with the results provided by IGRF model (both IGRF12 and IGRF13). Our results agree with the model, in better accordance in the north hemisphere with IGRF13, indicating that both magnetic poles move in the north‐west direction, with a speed of ∼37–72 km/y (lower in year 2016) for the north dip pole and of ∼5–9 km/y for the south one.
Key Points
The dip poles positions at Swarm satellite altitudes are identified by robust although simple method
Westward and northward dip poles drift is rigorously found confirming a higher velocity for the north dip pole
The identified dip poles positions from experimental observations and models are compared
ASPM (known as Asp in fly and ASPM-1 in worm) is a microcephaly-associated protein family that regulates spindle architecture, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that ...ASPM forms a complex with another protein linked to microcephaly, the microtubule-severing ATPase katanin. ASPM and katanin localize to spindle poles in a mutually dependent manner and regulate spindle flux. X-ray crystallography revealed that the heterodimer formed by the N- and C-terminal domains of the katanin subunits p60 and p80, respectively, binds conserved motifs in ASPM. Reconstitution experiments demonstrated that ASPM autonomously tracks growing microtubule minus ends and inhibits their growth, while katanin decorates and bends both ends of dynamic microtubules and potentiates the minus-end blocking activity of ASPM. ASPM also binds along microtubules, recruits katanin and promotes katanin-mediated severing of dynamic microtubules. We propose that the ASPM-katanin complex controls microtubule disassembly at spindle poles and that misregulation of this process can lead to microcephaly.
Based on a novel microstrip terminated cross-shaped resonator (TCSR), the dual-band bandpass filters (DB-BPFs) with fixed and reconfigurable bandwidths are proposed in this brief. In addition to the ...basic TCSR's three poles and four zeros, the extra four poles and three zeros can be introduced with the help of a pair of symmetrical parallel-coupled lines and open-ended stubs. Therefore, a planar DB-BPF with multiple transmission poles and zeros can be realized. To achieve the reconfigurable bandwidths, a capacitor is inserted into the basic TCSR's lower stub. It is found that the lower bandedge of the first passband can be tuned while the other three bandedges are kept unchanged. Two prototypes, including fixed-bandwidth filter (Filter I) with 3-dB fractional bandwidths (FBWs) of 20.8% and 17.3%, and reconfigurable-bandwidth filter (Filter II) with 3-dB FBW variation from 22.5% to 34.7% for the first passband and 19.8% for the second passband, are designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. The experimental characterizations of these two filters verify the proposed design.
Human oocytes are prone to assembling meiotic spindles with unstable poles, which can favor aneuploidy in human eggs. The underlying causes of spindle instability are unknown. We found that NUMA ...(nuclear mitotic apparatus protein)-mediated clustering of microtubule minus ends focused the spindle poles in human, bovine, and porcine oocytes and in mouse oocytes depleted of acentriolar microtubule-organizing centers (aMTOCs). However, unlike human oocytes, bovine, porcine, and aMTOC-free mouse oocytes have stable spindles. We identified the molecular motor KIFC1 (kinesin superfamily protein C1) as a spindle-stabilizing protein that is deficient in human oocytes. Depletion of KIFC1 recapitulated spindle instability in bovine and aMTOC-free mouse oocytes, and the introduction of exogenous KIFC1 rescued spindle instability in human oocytes. Thus, the deficiency of KIFC1 contributes to spindle instability in human oocytes.
A compact fifth-order wideband bandpass filter (BPF) using simple coupled lines with sharp rolloff skirts is proposed in this letter. Five transmission poles within the passband and eight deep ...transmission zeros from 0 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2\!f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{0} </tex-math></inline-formula> denotes the center frequency of the passband) can be realized through input impedance calculations. For demonstration, a wideband BPF prototype centered at 2.05 GHz with high-stopband rejection is designed and fabricated, whose measured 3-dB fractional bandwidth is of 60% (1.44-2.66 GHz). Good agreement between the simulations and measurements validates the design idea.
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