In this volume, Thomas Olander offers a historical analysis of the inflectional endings of Proto-Slavic, comparing them with the corresponding endings in related languages and reconstructing the ...Proto-Indo-European point of departure.
Although the Proto-Slavic word for lungs can be reliably reconstructed as *pluťa (n. pl.) or *pľuťa (n. pl.), it remains unclear how these two forms are related to each other. Scholars have expressed ...contradictory views as to which of the two forms should be considered primary. In a number of Slavic languages, the descendants of *pľuťa are more widespread, as they can be found in Old Church Slavonic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Lusatian, and Old Russian, whereas the continuants of *pluťa prevail (without being exclusive) in two unconnected areas: Polish-Sorbian-Polabian and Serbo-Croatian-Slovenian. It seems most likely that the form *pľuťa is older and *pluťa is an innovation. The following attempts have been made to explain the relation between the two forms: a) assimilation *pluťa > *pľuťa; b) dissimilation *pljutja > *plutja or *pľuťa > *pluťa; c) *pľuťa > *pluťa under the influence of the infinitive *pluti ‘to fl oat’; d) *pľuťa > *pluťa as a result of the ‘secondary hardening of ľ; e) doubleting *pľuťa / *pluťa because of the twofold development of Proto-Slavic *eu̯ > *u/*ju; f) doubleting *pľuťa / *pluťa as a reflection of two ablaut grades within one athematic paradigm; g) doubleting as a result of vowel assimilation *pleu̯ti̯ā > *plau̯ti̯ā. In our view, the distant dissimilation of the palatals ľ–ť > l–ť or the influence of the underlying verb *pluti ‘float’ should be considered the most probable scenarios of how the variant *pluťa appeared. In terms of word formation, it is likely that feminine *pleu̯tis > *pľutь was the initial form. Having shifted from *-i-declination to *-jā, it came to be perceived as the plural of the neutral noun.
This book is a comprehensive study of the Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic. It includes an investigation of all Germanic words that were borrowed into Proto-Slavic until its disintegration in the ...early ninth century. Research into the phonology, morphology and semantics of the loanwords serves as the basis of an investigation into the Germanic donor languages of the individual loanwords. The loanwords can be shown to be mainly of Gothic, High German and Low German origin. One of the aims of the present study is to clarify the accentuation of Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic and to explain how they were adapted to the Proto-Slavic accentual system. This volume is of special interest to scholars and students of Slavic and Germanic historical linguistics, contact linguistics and Slavic accentology.
U ovom se radu raspravlja o podrijetlu praslavenskog ornitonima *čižь / *čižьkъ / *čižikъ m. ‘čižak, Spinus spinus L.’. Čižak je dobro poznata i lako prepoznatljiva ptica pjevica čiji karakterističan ...glas zvuči poput ponavljajućega cvrkuta čí-čí ʧi:-ʧi:. Onomatopejsko objašnjenje, koje je više puta prihvaćeno u literaturi o ovoj temi, moglo se pojaviti u praslovenskom jeziku tek nakon prve palatalizacije guturalnih suglasnika, datirane u sredinu prvoga tisućljeća pr. Kr. Dakle, s gledišta baltoslavenske fonologije, praslavenski je izraz za ‘čižak’ inovativan. Ne možemo odlučiti jesu li sami preci Slavena stvorili ornitonim *čižь / *čižьkъ / *čižikъ na onomatopejskoj osnovi u kasnoj fazi razvoja praslaveskog jezika ili su ga posudili iz stranoga izvora. Zvučni fonem *-ž-, koji narušava izvorno „onomatopejsko” podrijetlo, čini se da podupire hipotezu o posuđivanju iz stranoga jezika. U ovom se članku sugerira da bi izvor navodne posuđenice mogao biti protouralski izraz *čičä(-kä) ~ *činčä(-kä) koji označava ‘malu pticu pjevicu’ (savršeno sačuvan u saamiju, permu, ugarskom i samojedskim jezicima), koji je vjerojatno funkcionirao već u vrijeme raspada uralske zajednice (tj. u četvrtom tisućljeću pr. Kr.), pa je stoga nekoliko tisućljeća stariji od praslavenskog izraza za ‘čižak’. Autor pretpostavlja da su (po svoj prilici) Praslaveni tu uralsku posuđenicu preuzeli preko neutvrđenoga ugrofinskog supstrata, koji je ostavio različite tragove u praslavenskom leksiku.
This article analyses a number of Romanian dialectal words and expressions associated with: (1) coat colours of farm animals, like ‘black’, ‘pied’, ‘spotted white’, ‘piebald’ and ‘light brown’; and ...(2) different types of sheep earmarks. The study indicates that many archaic terms used to denote these meanings are Slavic in origin. In some cases, the very phonetics of the Romanian words in question proves beyond doubt that they are early borrowings from the Proto-Slavic language.
Volumes 5–8 of the Proto-Slavic Dictionary (Słownik prasłowiański, 1974–2001), edited by Franciszek Sławski, include 116 asterisked entries; 109 of them concern the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic ...Languages (Ėtimologicheskiĭ slovarʹ slavianskikh iazykov, 1974–2018), edited by O. N. Trubachev, and the remaining 7 – other authors and Slavic dictionary sources. The entries in question almost exclusively contain strongly critical assessment of reconstruction and etymologisation of particular items of Slavic lexis proposed in those publications. Although the asterisked entries (authored mainly by Sławski) are certainly of high scholarly standard, some of the proposals they criticise should be considered viable. Possibly, those hypotheses can be positively verified in the future, when we have a more extensive knowledge on historical and modern Slavic dialectal lexis and appellative vocabulary preserved in onomastic material.
The paper presents the history of shaping the category of time in Polish and Ukrainian, that is forms of the present, future and past tenses, based on a reconstruction of appropriate, analogous forms ...of the Proto-Slavic language. The author analyses the process of shaping tense forms in both languages in detail, revealing their common and specific features. The material is based on works by renowned European linguists (A. Meillet, N. van Wijk, Z. Klemensiewicz, T. Lehr-Spławiński, S. Urbańczyk, S. Dubisz, P. Zhyteckyi, W. Rusanivskyi, P. Kuzniecow, and others), a complete picture of the system of tense forms and the grammatical category of time in a complementary manner in two related languages.
The paper deals with the analysis of synonymous words of Protoslavic origin
that distinguish different Serbo-Croatian dialects (the lexemes are
excerpted from The Questionnaire for the Serbo-Croatian ...Dialectological
Atlas). Some of these lexemes have strict geolinguistic characteristics and
are connected with certain areas, which allows for the assumption that they
performed the same differential function in the Proto-Slavic language. The
areas of the other lexemes are often diffuse, and sometimes synonyms of this
type co-exist in the same dialect. Therefore, we can assume that these words
may have been synonyms found in the same lexical system in Proto-Slavic as
well. Most synonyms were created by semantic or lexical innovations that
replaced archaisms, while the rest probably consist of parallel creations.
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