As in other Palpimanidae, two pairs of posterior spinnerets present in typical Araneomorphae are vestigial in Palpimanus uncatus Kulczynski, 1909, with only the anterior lateral spinneret (ALS) pair ...prominent. Nevertheless, in late juvenile and adult females, spigots appear in the ancestral posterior spinneret region (PS). Consistent with these spigots serving cylindrical silk glands, females construct substantial egg sacs. While juveniles and adults exhibit a compressed PS, in postembryos it is fully extended. Piriform silk gland (PI) spigots form a linear array on ALSs from the 1st stadium, increasing in number during ontogeny by addition of PIs of the tartipore-accommodated (T-A) subtype (i.e., functional during proecdyses). The number of T-A PIs added from one stadium to the next and locations occupied by their spigots often exhibit a stereotypic pattern, especially consistent in early instars. The number of non-T-A PIs remains constant through ontogeny from the 1st stadium: one per ALS rather than the two per ALS inferred in a few araneoids. The secondary major ampullate silk gland (2degrees MaA) spigot, primitively uni-shafted among araneomorphs, has become modified into a multi-shafted spigot with extended base, the number of shafts increasing during ontogeny. However, the multiple ducts that connect to the shafts continue to be accommodated during proecdysis by a single enormous tartipore. Sexual dimorphism is present, with late stadium females having greater numbers of T-A PI spigots and 2degrees MaA spigot shafts. Observations are presented pertaining to feeding behavior, sexual cannibalism (absent), habitat, winter diapause, numbers of molts, and longevity.
The COVID-19 pandemic received considerable attention from public relations scholars and research publications after the pandemic exploded. This study provides an overview of the status of COVID-19 ...public relations research in terms of topics, regional focuses, organization-public relationships, public relations approaches and themes, stages of the pandemic, and theoretical and methodological frameworks. This study also investigated how public relations research has described the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed 126 articles published in peer-reviewed journals using quantitative and qualitative content analyses. We expect that this review provides new insights based on the current literature to advance public relations research in today’s fast-changing society.
•We analyzed 126 COVID-19 public relations research papers that have been published in peer-reviewed journals from the height of the pandemic in 2020 to February 2023.•Public Relations Review was the largest publication venue in COVID-19 public relations research (n = 17, 13.5%).•The most common topics in COVID-19 public relations research were relationship management (n = 43, 34.1%), crisis/risk management (n = 37, 29.4%), and issue management (n = 24, 19.0%).•Public Relations research papers described the COVID-19 pandemic situation commonly with six characteristics: transboundary impacts, uncertainty, global-scale event, health crisis, calling for sophisticated communication strategies, and an external crisis event.
•The historical development of GPRD of Thailand presents the influences of political environments on government public relations practice.•The GPRD’s main functions include publicity, information ...dissemination, and propaganda through the study of four periods.•Despite the great expansion of the GPRD’s media and network, its PR role under the direct control of the governments has been questioned.•The GPRD’s main hindrances in governmental communication are political interference and its bureaucratic culture.
The Government Public Relations Department (GPRD) of Thailand has existed in various forms since the country’s governing system changed from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one in 1932. This study reflects on how the GPRD’s practices have been affected by the country’s governing and political environments over time. It has periodized the eighty-four-years of development of the GPRD into sequential phases based on a continuum approach. The GPRD’s roles and duties are detailed based on four periods: Beginning Period, Growth Period, Full Expansion Period, and Weak Period. The GPRD was firstly positioned to be the primary government tool for introducing the concept of democracy to the Thai populace and disseminating information about government policies, activities and propagandistic campaigns. Through Thailand’s periods of political instability, World War II, the Cold War and rise of communism in Indochina, globalization, and the current digital age, the GPRD has expanded in its role within the government as the center of communication for a wide variety of governmental organizations. However, even as it has expanded and undergone re-organization, it has been criticized for being a government mouthpiece rather that a reliable source of factual information. Working under the direct oversight of the various governments led by the military, as well as both appointed and elected politicians, the GPRD has struggled to maintain a balanced public relations role at the juncture of Thai politics and public interest.
Public Relations (PR) faces many challenges in respect to society (loss of trust, polarization), organizational terms (increased demands on legitimacy and responsibility) and in terms of ...communication (speed of communication processes, increased number of communication and communicators). As a result, communication must be faster, more flexible, more consistent and more transparent. Organizational conditions must also be established to meet these demands. Speed and flexibility must be ensured in terms of structure and personnel. Organizational structures and processes must be designed accordingly. This article focuses on the discussion of organizational theory, selects meaningful concepts and applies them to the reality of PR. It concludes that newsroom-like structures in PR, which take such theories and concepts into account, provide a suitable answer to these challenges. Accordingly, this article develops a definition of PR newsroom concepts. Firstly, the PR newsroom is presented as a multidimensional concept in which topic and channel levels are intertwined. Secondly, newsrooms are described as agile organizations with flat hierarchies and high internal autonomy. These structures are characterized by topic-oriented management. Such units must still be strategically integrated into the overall organization. Examples from German-speaking countries are provided. Finally, this article proposes five requirements for PR to fulfill in order to be able to cope organizationally both addressing present challenges as well as future ones. Keywords: future public relations, organization, agile organization, corporate communication, newsroom L'avenir des relations publiques comme défi organisationnel : contrôle thématique, intégration stratégique et organisation agile dans la salle de presse des relations publiques Les relations publiques (RP) sont confrontées à de nombreux défis en termes de société (perte de confiance, polarisation), d'organisation (exigences accrues de légitimité et de responsabilité) et de communication (vitesse des processus de communication, nombre accru de communicants et de communicateurs). En conséquence, la communication doit être plus rapide, plus flexible, plus cohérente et plus transparente. Des conditions organisationnelles doivent également être établies pour répondre à ces exigences. La rapidité et la flexibilité doivent être assurées en termes de structure et de personnel. Les structures et processus organisationnels doivent être conçus en conséquence. Cet article se concentre sur la discussion de la théorie organisationnelle, sélectionne des concepts significatifs et les applique à la réalité des relations publiques. Il conclut que les structures de type salle de rédaction dans les relations publiques, qui prennent en compte ces théories et concepts, fournissent une réponse appropriée à ces défis. En conséquence, cet article développe une définition du concept de salle de rédaction de relations publiques. Premièrement, la salle de rédaction de relations publiques est présentée comme un concept multidimensionnel dans lequel les niveaux de sujet et de chaîne sont entrelacés. Deuxièmement, les rédactions sont décrites comme des organisations agiles avec des hiérarchies plates et une grande autonomie interne. Ces structures se caractérisent par une gestion thématique. De telles unités doivent encore être stratégiquement intégrées dans l'ensemble de l'organisation. Des exemples de pays germanophones sont fournis. Enfin, cet article propose cinq exigences que les relations publiques doivent remplir afin d'être en mesure de faire face de manière organisationnelle à la fois aux défis actuels et futurs. Mots-clés : relations publiques futures, organisation, organisation agile, communication d'entreprise, rédaction
Existen varios estudios e informes que identifican los desafíos y retos que deben asumir las Relaciones Públicas en los próximos años, pero ¿cómo los afrontará el ámbito profesional?, ¿están las ...organizaciones e instituciones preparadas para asumir las nuevas necesidades que demandan una adaptación constante?, ¿cuáles son las prioridades que deben establecer para que la profesión se renueve? Para afrontar los retos que depara el futuro en la sociedad cambiante en la que vivimos, la profesión debe apostar por la formación. Gracias a la formación, los profesionales de las Relaciones Públicas podrán lograr un elevado grado de especialización en la disciplina. Visión estratégica, evaluación, apuesta por la calidad y por el compromiso ético de la profesión, transparencia, así como inclusión e igualdad, deben ser los referentes del sector.
The book highlights the challenges that leaders in the field of public relations will face in the future and how to communicate effectively to achieve leadership success.
