Radiation observation data are important basic data for assessment and research of climate change and solar energy resources. Quality control of radiation observation data is an important guarantee ...for accurate and reliable observation. First, the global radiation data collection method and the quality control process are introduced, and the differences and similarities between different quality control standards are compared in detail. Then, the quality control contents of the upper and lower limits and the rate of change are analysed theoretically and verified by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the lower limit of the global radiation irradiance quality control should be −20 W/m2, the upper limit should be 2221 W/m2 or based on solar position, and the wrong change rate of sampling value should be 1000 W/m2. Through the unification of the global radiation quality control standards, the difference caused by the inconsistent quality control methods can be avoided, thus improving the effectiveness of the radiation observation data and ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the radiation observation data.
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
When reagent lot number change for a particular assay it is hoped that the results obtained from the new lot are comparable with those of the old lot and so will not ...lead to misleading clinical conclusions based on either the reference intervals or previous results on the same patient. This study has criticality evaluated and compared various methods of establishing reagent lot-to-lot verification acceptability criteria to determine the most suitable approach in Sidra Medicine Clinical Biochemistry Department in order to implement an efficient and cost-effective method of verifying new reagent lot numbers.
Methods/Case Report
Several methods and approach for establishing in-house acceptable criteria for determining reagent variations were critically evaluated. These methods include the use of CLSI EP26-A guidelines, proficiency testing or external quality assessment (EQA) total allowable errors (TeA) and internal quality control (IQC) in-house target SD and CV reflecting the current assay performance. A user friendly statistical template was also produced to be able to improve fhe current workflow, data entry, presentation and documentation of each test with a new reagent lot number approved and implemented for patient testing.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
A full version of Reagent Lot Variation Acceptance Table was produced showing comprehensive established criteria based from methods mentioned above. IQC and patient comparability results are entered in an excel template which automatically calculates the differences and shows if the new lot number passed or failed based on the in-house acceptability criteria established. The reagent lot-to-lot verification template is updated each month using complex excel rules to keep the acceptability limits in accordance with the most current in-house IQC target mean and SD based from the most recent monthly IQC reviews.
Conclusion
The comparison of different reagent lot variation acceptability criteria indeed raised awareness of the efficiency and practicality of performing reagent lot-to-lot verification. CLSI EP26-A approach was observed to have the least sample number requirement. However, one patient sample for comparison study seems not enough to justify the approval and implementation of the new reagent lot number to consider the assays AMR. The IQC SD and CAP Total Allowable Error (TeA) acceptability criteria are more effective since there is more number of patient samples used for comparability across the assays AMR.
Based on the exposure data sets from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP, http://tapdata.org.cn/), we characterized the spatiotemporal variations in PM2.5 and O3 exposures and quantified the ...long- and short-term exposure related premature deaths during 2013–2020 with respect to the two-stage clean air actions (2013–2017 and 2018–2020). We find a 48% decrease in national PM2.5 exposure during 2013–2020, although the decrease rate has slowed after 2017. At the same time, O3 pollution worsened, with the average April–September O3 exposure increased by 17%. The improved air quality led to 308 thousand and 16 thousand avoided long- and short-term exposure related deaths, respectively, in 2020 compared to the 2013 level, which was majorly attributed to the reduction in ambient PM2.5 concentration. It is also noticed that with smaller PM2.5 reduction, the avoided long-term exposure associated deaths in 2017–2020 (13%) was greater than that in 2013–2017 (9%), because the exposure–response curve is nonlinear. As a result of the efforts in reducing PM2.5-polluted days with the daily average PM2.5 higher than 75 μg/m3 and the considerable increase in O3-polluted days with the daily maximum 8 h average O3 higher than 160 μg/m3, deaths attributable to the short-term O3 exposure were greater than those due to PM2.5 exposure since 2018. Future air quality improvement strategies for the coordinated control of PM2.5 and O3 are urgently needed.
Power quality of power systems affects all connected electrical and electronic equipment. Power quality is a measure of deviations in voltage and frequency of the particular supply system. In recent ...years, there has been a considerable increase in nonlinear loads; in particular distributed loads, such as computers, TV monitors and lighting. These draw harmonic currents which, when distorted, have detrimental effects including interference, loss of reliability, increased operating costs, equipment overheating, motor failures, capacitor failure and inaccurate power metering. This subject is pertinent to engineers involved with electric power systems, electronic equipment, computers and manufacturing equipment. This book shows readers to understand the causes and effects of power quality problems such as non-sinusoidal wave shapes, voltage outages, losses due to poor power quality, and origins of single-time events such as voltage dips, voltage reductions and outages, along with techniques to mitigate these problems.
Front Cover. To provide a method for the quality control of Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr., the wound healing activities of two main components, periplogenin and digitoxigenin were ...investigated. Periplogenin and digitoxigenin significantly promoted the wound healing in rats. A UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of periplogenin and digitoxigenin in Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr. was presented by L. Yang et al. in their research article at 10.1002/cbdv.202301585.
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