Con la finalidad de identificar afinidades biológicas entre poblaciones del sitio arqueológico de Teotihuacán, se efectuó un análisis morfológico de los senos frontales de un total de 125 individuos ...adultos prehispánicos de ambos sexos exhumados en diferentes exploraciones. La muestra incluye un sector de los sujetos sacrificados en el Templo de la Serpiente Emplumada de Teotihuacan, otro del Posclásico, y cráneos mayas hallados en la Cueva de las Banquetas. Asimismo se usó una muestra control de 14 habitantes de la Ciudad de México mediante el uso de tomografía.
Los datos morfológicos fueron analizados usando la técnica de morfometría geométrica. Se observó que la población del Posclásico se separa completamente de las poblaciones Clásicas de Teotihuacan (Estado de México) y la Cueva de las Banquetas (Chiapas), en tanto que los individuos encontrados en el Templo de la Serpiente Emplumada presentan una mayor afinidad con las poblaciones mayas que con la población teotihuacana. En lo referente a la variación que presenta cada grupo, se observó que la muestra de Teotihuacan es la que presenta más dispersión en la morfología de los senos frontales. Este dato concuerda con el papel que desempeñó esta urbe como centro económico, ideológico y cultural. La investigación muestra que el estudio de los senos frontales es un marcador fiable para estudiar afinidades biológicas en poblaciones antiguas. Una de sus ventajas es que es factible incluir tanto cráneos completos como fragmentos de huesos frontales, ampliando así el tamaño de la muestra.
The morphological analysis of the frontal sinuses of 125 pre-Columbian human adults of both sexes exhumed in different explorations allowed to identify biological affinities between populations at the archaeological site of Teotihuacan. The sample included subjects sacrificed in the Temple of the Feathered Serpent at Teotihuacan and Postclassic subjects, as well as Mayan skulls found in the Cueva de las Banquetas. A control sample of 14 inhabitants of Mexico City was also used, assessed by tomography.
The morphological data were analysed using geometric morphometric methods. It was observed that the Postclassic population had absolutely no affinity with the Classic populations of Teotihuacan (State of Mexico) and the Cueva de las Banquetas (Chiapas), while the subjects found in the Temple of the Feathered Serpent had greater affinity with the Mayan populations than with the Teotihuacan population. Regarding the variation of each group, the Teotihuacan sample was found to have the greatest dispersion in terms of the morphology of the frontal sinuses. These data are consistent with the role played by this city as an economic, ideological and cultural centre. This research shows that the study of the frontal sinuses is a reliable marker in to establish biological affinities among ancient populations. One of its advantages is that it is feasible to include both complete skulls and fragments of frontal bones, thus enlarging the sample size.
The Myth of Quetzalcoatl Austin, Alfredo López; Davidson, Russ; Olivier, Guilhem ...
10/2015
eBook
Odprti dostop
The Myth of Quetzalcoatlis a translation of Alfredo López Austin's 1973 bookHombre-Dios: Religión y politica en el mundo náhuatl. Despite its pervasive and lasting influence on the study of ...Mesoamerican history, religion in general, and the Quetzalcoatl myth in particular, this work has not been available in English until now.
The importance ofHombre-Diosand its status as a classic arise from its interdisciplinary approach, creative use of a wide range of source material, and unsurpassed treatment of its subject-the nature and content of religious beliefs and rituals among the native populations of Mesoamerica and the manner in which they fused with and helped sanctify political authority and rulership in both the pre- and post-conquest periods. Working from a wide variety of previously neglected documentary sources, incorporating myth, archaeology, and the ethnography of contemporary Native Americans including non-Nahua peoples, López Austin traces the figure of Quetzalcoatl as a "Man-God" from pre-conquest times, while Russ Davidson's translator's note, Davíd Carrasco's foreword, and López Austin's introduction place the work within the context of modern scholarship.
López Austin's original work on Quetzalcoatl is a pivotal work in the field of anthropology, and this long-overdue English translation will be of significance to historians, anthropologists, linguists, and serious readers interested in Mesoamerica.
Here Gananath Obeyesekere debunks one of the most enduring myths
of imperialism, civilization, and conquest: the notion that the
Western civilizer is a god to savages. Using shipboard journals and
...logs kept by Captain James Cook and his officers, Obeyesekere
reveals the captain as both the self-conscious civilizer and as the
person who, his mission gone awry, becomes a "savage" himself. In
this new edition of The Apotheosis of Captain Cook , the
author addresses, in a lengthy afterword, Marshall Sahlins's 1994
book, How "Natives" Think , which was a direct response to
this work.
The use of GPR data multipath summation on data acquired over parallel study lines is presented here within the framework of a study on the effects of natural hazards on cultural heritage areas in ...order to image weak zones within carbonates, such as fractures and caverns. This study was realized at the archeological site of Xochicalco in Mexico, where fractures and caverns are potential sources of the degradation of the archeological remains. Dense parallel GPR study lines spaced every 0.25 m were surveyed using a 400 MHz monostatic antenna with the aim to image possible weak zones in three dimensions. We used a 2D imaging approach, namely, the method of multipath summation, which efficiently focused the scattered energy within the GPR sections. The study revealed, at depths of 1.6m and 1.8m, several linear events attributed to fractures, leading to the preliminary conclusion of this on-going project that cracks on the walls of the Quetzalcoatl Temple after a large earthquake in 2017 are prone to instability of carbonates rocks.
El protocolo de las exequias de los señores de Anáhuac obedecía a un modelo establecido por Quetzalcóatl y referido como "Ley de Topiltzin". El ritual y sus fases constitutivas tienen antecedentes ...históricos, pero lo esencial del aparato mortuorio se funda en una mitología que le confiere legitimidad. Quetzalcóatl define el protocolo ritual mediante una gesta parcialmente "escenificada" en el contexto de las exequias de los gobernantes. Entre los mitos fundantes de la liturgia funeraria nahua, figura el relato "Huida de Quetzalcóatl a Tlillan, Tlapallan". El análisis de los textos que lo entrañan revela una isotopía narrativa en la que el rey-sacerdote tolteca, ya viejo, toma conciencia de que debe morir e ir a Tlillan Tlapallan.
The Aztec and Roman-German Empires seemed to share a similar religious legitimacy and the same hope of a Messiah, although they had never had contact before 1519. The arrival of Cortés is said to ...have been awaited by Moctezuma II: Quetzalcoatl was expected to return and renew his reign. This article will compare Quetzalcoatl's legitimizing function with that of Jesus Christ. The comparison will reveal that the messianic image of Quetzalcoatl was created after the Conquest as an Aztec adaptation of the Christian ideology of power. Cortés had invented the legend of the returning leader. By identifying this Messiah with Charles V, who had the right to be also a Mexican Emperor, Cortés sought to justify his rebellion against his superior. The Aztec adaptation of Cortés' invention can be interpreted as a further development of the myth of the returning Emperor. It shows the mutual influence of religion and politics.
Research on Aztec religion is the field of Mesoamericanists. Ethnohistoric texts are one of their main sources. The current state of research on the aztec god Quetzalcoatl reveals that historical ...source criticism is rarely utilized in the field. Most ethnohistorians regard Quetzalcoatl as a historic man who became a god and bore Messianic traits. Others interpret Quetzalcoatl as a product of a long process of conceptual syncretism with independent origins of its known manifestations, or as one god with many faces. Some scholars regard the man Quetzalcoatl as an invention of colonial times. These quite different points of view concerning Quetzalcoatl all derive from interpreting the same sources.
En prenant le parti d’analyser les êtres imaginaires et les figurations d’hybrides en Mésoamérique comme des retranscriptions imagées d’êtres réels selon des principes de l’analogie formelle, cette ...contribution se propose de revenir sur la figure de Quetzalcóatl, tant dans l’iconographie de Teotihuacan que dans celle, plus tardive, des Aztèques. Après avoir passé en revue certains principes de la perception intervenant dans le mode de nomination des espèces, leur application à des matériaux iconographiques mettant en combinaison des êtres – ou des parties d’êtres – distincts permet de rendre compte de leur présence concomitante sur une seule coiffe ou en tant qu’être mythologique.
Actualmente el outsourcing es una de las actividades principales de trabajo. Sin embargo, las relaciones que se dan entre un cliente y un proveedor de servicios no son lo suficientemente fuertes para ...lograr las expectativas de los acuerdos. El contrato de outsourcing para proyectos en desarrollo de software es una alternativa a este tipo de relaciones. En este artículo se presenta la arquitectura de la herramienta Quetzalcoatl, así como las funciones principales que ofrece la herramienta, todo esto con el objetivo de generar y evaluar contratos para proyectos de desarrollo de software en entornos de outsourcing como apoyo a las PYMEs. Palabras-clave: Outsourcing, desarrollo de software, Web, modelo de contrato, arquitectura. Internet, Quetzalcoatl. Nowadays, outsourcing is one of the most important work activities for the software development companies. However, the relationships between a client and a service provider are not strong enough to meet the expectations of the agreements. The outsourcing contract for software development projects is an alternative to this type of relationship. This paper presents the architecture of the tool named Quetzalcoatl, also the main functions that this tool offers in order to generate and evaluate contracts for software development projects in outsourcing environments to support SMEs. Keywords: Outsourcing, software development, Web, contract model, architecture, Internet, Quetzalcoatl.
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