This paper presents a study on the modelling approaches for column loss scenarios using software that is widely available to structural engineers worldwide, with the goal of providing practical ...guidance to designers faced with the need or the opportunity to perform progressive collapse analyses. The presented study leverages recent experimental results on column removal in a composite frame obtained at the University of Trento. Comparisons between experimental data, results of high‐definition finite element analyses, and the simulation results obtained using commercially available software are performed and conclusions are drawn based on the modelling approach used. Furthermore, a parametric study on various column loss scenarios in a prototype building is conducted and the results are compared with highdefinition model results in literature. It is concluded that the proposed modelling approach can be successfully used in practical cases, with results that are quite satisfactory both at the local and at the global level.
A reinforced concrete structure design is carried out based on structural analysis results. From this, the engineer defines the most appropriate design technique for each type of building. Due to the ...importance of structural analysis, this paper proposed to carry out the analysis, dimensioning, and detailing of a floor of massive slabs, through three distinct methodologies, consisting of an elastic analysis, based on the Theory of Grids for deformable supports, a plastic analysis based on the Theory of Rupture Lines, and a numerical analysis by the Finite Element Method (FEM), carried out using the SAP2000 software. The accomplishment of this research had as its main objective to evaluate the steel consumption demanded by each analysis methodology used, and to establish a comparative study about the soliciting efforts determined by the three methods of structural analysis. Thus, when analyzing the results, there were large discrepancies between the bending moments presented in each analysis methodology. Also, regarding steel consumption, there were considerable savings for the plastic model compared to the elastic model, and taking the numerical model as a parameter, an 11.52% higher steel consumption was observed for the elastic calculation.
Although many existing damage diagnosis techniques based on the combination of optimization algorithms and finite element model updating have been studied and demonstrated to be promising, there are ...still some limitations that need to be improved to enhance their performance for the large and complex structures. In this regard, the present article proposes a FE model updating technique based on the existing commercial software SAP2000-OAPI and an enhanced symbiotic organisms search (ESOS) algorithm for damage assessment of full-scale structures. First, to overcome the complexities of FE simulation, the FE model of monitored structure is built in SAP2000 software for analyzing the dynamic behavior of the structure. Then, the damage assessment of the structure is set up in the form of an optimization problem in which the objective function is established based on a combination of flexibility matrix and modal assurance criterion (MAC). An improved version of SOS algorithm, called ESOS algorithm, is adopted to solve this optimization problem for detecting and quantifying any stiffness degradation induced by damage. To perform the iterative optimization task automatically, a link between MATLAB and SAP2000 is created by using the OAPI feature of SAP2000. Finally, the numerical investigations on two full-scale structures with considering measurement noise and sparse measured data demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique in predicting the actual damage sites and their severities.
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•A FE model updating technique based on a commercial software SAP2000-OAPI and ESOS algorithm is proposed.•The proposed technique is implemented for damage assessment of full-scale structures.•The influence of spatially-incomplete measurements with noise contamination is taken into account.•Only the first five modes are sufficient to solve the damage detection problems successfully.•The ESOS algorithm is found to be efficient for the purpose of incorporating with FE model updating.
Abstract
Indonesia location is geographically very strategic for trade since it is located between two continents and two oceans. This condition must be supported by inter-island transportation ...facilities and infrastructure, including proper harbors. The ongoing construction of Tourism Harbor at South Eastern Bali must have satisfactory stability as an initial survey shows high passenger traffic. The tourism Harbor will connect the hinterland to the Nusa Penida Islands, specifically Sampalan, Buyuk, Toya Pakeh, Jungut Batu, Tanjung Sanghyang, and Munjul Bias.Therefore, analysis of piles subjected to lateral forces is critical to ensuring the stability and serviceability of a jetty structure. This study aims to investigate the structural stability of Tourism Harbor by analyzing the deflection of the pile with configurations such as pile diameter (35 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm), pile materials (concrete pile and steel pile), and the berthing force caused by two types of passenger ships (Bounty Cruise and Bali Hai II) under extreme condition of HWS (2.6 m). The analysis results indicate that an insignificant deflection can be obtained by using a large diameter pile and installing steel piles.
•The paper contributes to the first ever performance-based,optimisation-driven design routine for reducing the structural material usage in wind-sensitive tall self-standing modular buildings.•The ...optimisation is relying on a novel discrete sizing formulation considering, concurrently, multiple structural serviceability and safety constraints related to static and dynamic wind loading.•A novel, algorithmically flexible, and computationally efficient solution strategy is devised to solve the above optimisation problem.•The obtained optimal sizing designs can be as cost-effective as conventional building structural systems (in terms of structural steel usage) for tall building applications subjected to moderate wind speed at least.•Providing guidance and recommendations for modular building design through a comprehensive performance assessment of the optimally sized case-study building for different wind intensities.
In recent decades, the shortage of affordable housing has become an endemic issue in many cities worldwide due to the ongoing urban population growth. Against this backdrop, volumetric steel modular building systems (MBSs) are becoming an increasingly compelling solution to the above challenge owing to their rapid construction speed and reduced upfront costs. Notwithstanding their success in low- to mid-rise projects, these assembled structures generally rely on a separate lateral load-resisting system (LLRS) for lateral stiffness and resistance to increased wind loads as the building altitude increases. However, additional LLRSs require on-site construction, thereby compromising the productivity boost offered by the MBSs. To this end, this paper proposes a novel optimisation-driven sizing design framework for tall self-standing modular buildings subjected to concurrent drift, floor acceleration, and member strength constraints under static and dynamic wind loads. A computationally efficient solution strategy is devised to facilitate a meaningful sizing solution by decomposing the constrained discrete sizing problem into a convex serviceability limit stage (SLS) and a non-convex ultimate limit stage (ULS), which can be then solved using preferred local and global optimisation methods, separately. The framework is implemented by integrating SAP2000 (for structural analysis) and MATLAB (for optimisation) through SAP2000′s open Application Programming Interface (API), and demonstrated using a 15-storey self-standing steel modular building exposed to three different levels of wind intensity. A comprehensive performance assessment is conducted on the optimally designed case-study building to investigate its elastic instability behaviour, geometric nonlinear effects on wind-induced response, and impacts of global sway imperfections on member utilisation ratios under wind effects. It is concluded that tall self-standing modular buildings can be achieved economically using ordinary corner-supported modules without ad hoc structural provisions, while consuming steel at similar rates to conventional building structural systems. Furthermore, the proposed sizing framework and solution strategy have proven to be useful design tools for reconciling the structural resilience and material efficiency in wind-sensitive self-standing modular buildings.
•A novel Enhancing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (EHVPSO) for damage identification in structures.•Damage assessment of Electric Power Transmission with 44.05 m height.•Open Application ...Programming Interface (OAPI) source code making use of SAP2000 and MATLAB.•High accuracy and reliability of the results obtained using EHVPSO.
In this paper, a novel enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced for solving damage identification problems. For the first time, the algorithm is applied to a complex structure, namely an Electric Power Transmission with 44.05 m height. The process of structural damage assessment is implemented using SAP2000 commercial software combined with MATLAB. Using the Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI) source code, which is available in SAP2000, a strong MATLAB environment program has been developed in this research. This program can allow the user to adjust the initial model's parameters in SAP2000 to create a continuous two ways data exchange between SAP2000 and MATLAB. Thus, the process of detecting the location and level of damage in the structure is performed by applying a new version of PSO, namely Enhancing Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (EHVPSO), using stochastic parameters. The key factor in the EHVPSO algorithm is to introduce two novel equations. The first equation is used to control the convergence rate in each movement of particleith, and the second equation is used to control the balance between local optimal value and global optimal value. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can detect damage with very high accuracy and reliability.
Elevated water tanks are considered crucial infrastructure due to their significant role in supporting essential services. A strong ground motion may result in a failure or significant damage to a ...reinforced concrete shaft of an elevated water tank because hysteric energy dissipation is limited to the formation of plastic hinges at the base of the shaft, while the nonlinear properties of the rest of the shaft remain underutilised. The innovative system of assembling RC shafts for elevated water tanks using a slit wall technique was developed to enhance energy dissipation along with the shaft height by introducing slit zones. The comparative nonlinear dynamic analysis between three-dimensional models of elevated water tanks with different shaft diameters and heights was conducted using SAP2000 software. The results of elevated water tanks with slit and solid reinforced concrete shafts were compared. The research findings showed that during a seismic event, the slit zones increased the ductility of the shaft, reduced stress concentration in the lower part of the shaft, and provided uniform stress distribution throughout the shaft's height. The effect of the innovative system is especially noticeable in the elevated water tanks with tall and slender shafts.
Prevailing analysis and design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical stage in the construction industry to deliver the projects within the estimated construction time period and within ...the budget. The selection of suitable structural engineering software to perform the analysis and design tasks is not an easy matter of fact, especially with the existence of many specialized software in this domain such as Robot Structural Analysis, MIDAS Gen, SAP 2000, STAAD.PRO, Tekla Structural designer, S-Frame and many others. So a strong comparison between the existing software must be made before taking the final decision of selecting any software. The main goal of this paper is to present overall guidance for selection of the suitable software among the most common software used for the analysis and design of RC structures along with the supported design codes, analysis types and design modules incorporated in each software. The technical specifications, characteristics, application domains, incorporated structural design codes, limitation, technical popularity and capabilities of the existing most common used software were studied and compared. Based on the performed study, eleven software were selected and presented as a useful guideline for the structural engineers in the analysis and design of RC structures. In this paper, a complete guideline including the required technical information for structural engineers to choose the suitable software for analyzing and designing of the RC structures is presented.
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