Information about urban built-up areas is important for urban planning and management. However, obtaining accurate information about urban built-up areas is a challenge. This study developed a ...general-purpose built-up area intelligent classification (BAIC) system that supports various types of data and classifiers. All of the steps in the BAIC were implemented using Python modules including Numpy, Pandas, matplotlib, and scikit-learn. We used the BAIC to conduct a classification experiment that involved seven types of input data; namely, Point of Interest (POI), Road Network (RN), nighttime light (NTL), a combination of POI and RN data (POI_RN), a combination of POI and NTL data (POI_NTL), a combination of RN and NTL data (RN_NTL), and a combination of POI, RN, and NTL data (POI_RN_NTL), and five classifiers, namely, Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT), and AdaBoost. The results show the following: (1) among the 35 combinations of the five classifiers and seven types of input data, the overall accuracy (OA) ranged from 76 to 89%, F1 values ranged from 0.73 to 0.86, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) ranged from 0.83 to 0.95. The largest F1 value and OA were obtained using the POI_RN_NTL data and AdaBoost, while the largest AUC was obtained using POI_RN_NTL and POI_NTL data against AdaBoost, LR, and RF; and (2) the advantages of the BAIC include its support for multi-source input data, its objective accuracy assessment, and its robust classifiers. The BAIC can quickly and efficiently realize the automatic classification of urban built-up areas at a reasonably low cost and can be readily applied to other urban areas in the world where any kind of POI, RN, or NTL data coverage is available. The results of this study are expected to provide timely and effective reference information for urban planning and urban management departments, and could also potentially be used to develop large-scale maps of urban built-up areas in the future.
A comprehensive guide to understanding key techniques for architecture and hardware planning, monitoring, replication, backups, and decouplingKey FeaturesNewly updated edition, covering the latest ...PostgreSQL 12 features with hands-on industry-driven recipes
Create a PostgreSQL cluster that stays online even when disaster strikes
Learn how to avoid costly downtime and data loss that can ruin your businessBook DescriptionDatabases are nothing without the data they store. In the event of an outage or technical catastrophe, immediate recovery is essential. This updated edition ensures that you will learn the important concepts related to node architecture design, as well as techniques such as using repmgr for failover automation. From cluster layout and hardware selection to software stacks and horizontal scalability, this PostgreSQL cookbook will help you build a PostgreSQL cluster that will survive crashes, resist data corruption, and grow smoothly with customer demand.
You'll start by understanding how to plan a PostgreSQL database architecture that is resistant to outages and scalable, as it is the scaffolding on which everything rests. With the bedrock established, you'll cover the topics that PostgreSQL database administrators need to know to manage a highly available cluster. This includes configuration, troubleshooting, monitoring and alerting, backups through proxies, failover automation, and other considerations that are essential for a healthy PostgreSQL cluster. Later, you'll learn to use multi-master replication to maximize server availability. Later chapters will guide you through managing major version upgrades without downtime.By the end of this book, you'll have learned how to build an efficient and adaptive PostgreSQL 12 database cluster.What you will learnUnderstand how to protect data with PostgreSQL replication tools
Focus on hardware planning to ensure that your database runs efficiently
Reduce database resource contention with connection pooling
Monitor and visualize cluster activity with Nagios and the TIG (Telegraf, InfluxDB, Grafana) stack
Construct a robust software stack that can detect and avert outages
Use multi-master to achieve an enduring PostgreSQL clusterWho this book is forThis book is for Postgres administrators and developers who are looking to build and maintain a highly reliable PostgreSQL cluster. Although knowledge of the new features of PostgreSQL 12 is not required, a basic understanding of PostgreSQL administration is expected.
This article introduces a method of web-application quality evaluation based on static analysis of the source code. A model for SQL-injection vulnerability detection and a web-application quality ...model based on the results of vulnerability detection that extends the ISO/IEC 25010 quality model are described.
This article introduces a method of web-application quality evaluation based on static analysis of the source code. A model for SQL-injection vulnerability detection and a web-application quality ...model based on the results of vulnerability detection that extends the ISO/IEC 25010 quality model are described.
ObjectiveEstimates of dementia prevalence in New Zealand (NZ) have previously been extrapolated from limited Australasian studies, which may be neither accurate nor reflect NZ’s unique population and ...diverse ethnic groups. This study used routinely collected health data to estimate the 1-year period prevalence for diagnosed dementia for each of the 4 years between July 2016 and June 2020 in the age 60+ and age 80+ populations and for the four main ethnic groups.DesignA population-based descriptive study.SettingSeven national health data sets within the NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) were linked. Diagnosed dementia prevalence for each year was calculated using the IDI age 60+ and age 80+ populations as the denominator and also age–sex standardised to allow comparison across ethnic groups.ParticipantsDiagnosed dementia individuals in the health datasets were identified by diagnostic or medication codes used in each of the data sets with deduplication of those who appeared in more than one data set.ResultsThe crude diagnosed dementia prevalence was 3.8%–4.0% in the age 60+ population and 13.7%–14.4% in the age 80+ population across the four study years. Dementia prevalence age–sex standardised to the IDI population in the last study period of 2019–2020 was 5.4% for Māori, 6.3% for Pacific Islander, 3.7% for European and 3.4% for Asian in the age 60+ population, and 17.5% for Māori, 22.2% for Pacific Islander, 13.6% for European and 13.5% for Asian in the age 80+ population.ConclusionsThis study provides the best estimate to date for dementia prevalence in NZ but is limited to those people who were identified as having dementia based on data from the seven included data sets. The findings suggest that diagnosed dementia prevalence is higher in Māori and Pacific Islanders. A nationwide NZ community-based dementia prevalence study is much needed to confirm the findings of this study.
The blooming of different cloud data management infrastructures, specialized for different kinds of data and tasks, has led to a wide diversification of DBMS interfaces and the loss of a common ...programming paradigm. In this paper, we present the design of a cloud multidatastore query language (CloudMdsQL), and its query engine. CloudMdsQL is a functional SQL-like language, capable of querying multiple heterogeneous data stores (relational and NoSQL) within a single query that may contain embedded invocations to each data store’s native query interface. The query engine has a fully distributed architecture, which provides important opportunities for optimization. The major innovation is that a CloudMdsQL query can exploit the full power of local data stores, by simply allowing some local data store native queries (e.g. a breadth-first search query against a graph database) to be called as functions, and at the same time be optimized, e.g. by pushing down select predicates, using bind join, performing join ordering, or planning intermediate data shipping. Our experimental validation, with three data stores (graph, document and relational) and representative queries, shows that CloudMdsQL satisfies the five important requirements for a cloud multidatastore query language.
Joe Celko's Analytics and OLAP in SQL is the first book that teaches what SQL programmers need in order to successfully make the transition from On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems into the ...world of On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). This book is not an in-depth look at particular subjects, but an overview of many subjects that will give the working RDBMS programmers a map of the terra incognita they will face — if they want to grow. It contains expert advice from a noted SQL authority and award-winning columnist, who has given ten years of service to the ANSI SQL standards committee and many more years of dependable help to readers of online forums. It offers real-world insights and lots of practical examples. It covers the OLAP extensions in SQL-99; ETL tools, OLAP features supported in DBMSs, other query tools, simple reports, and statistical software. This book is ideal for experienced SQL programmers who have worked with OLTP systems who need to learn techniques—and even some tricks—that they can use in an OLAP situation. * Expert advice from a noted SQL authority and award-winning columnist, who has given ten years of service to the ANSI SQL standards committee and many more years of dependable help to readers of online forums * First book that teaches what SQL programmers need in order to successfully make the transition from transactional systems (OLTP) into the world of data warehouse data and OLAP * Offers real-world insights and lots of practical examples * Covers the OLAP extensions in SQL-99; ETL tools, OLAP features supported in DBMSs, other query tools, simple reports, and statistical software
While there are many epidemiologic studies of Asian immigrants to the West and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the phenotype and lifestyle of Asian patients, particularly children, with IBD ...are not well described. In this study, we describe lifestyle practices, such as dietary pattern, as well as disease phenotype in Asian American children with IBD.
We reviewed the records of children with IBD, ages 0 to 21 years old, and race identified as Asian, Indian, or Pacific Islander. Patients who received outpatient IBD care at our center between January 2013 and January 2020 were included. We excluded patients who were international second opinions, who did not have a definitive diagnosis of IBD, and in whom a diagnosis of IBD was made after 18 years of age. A survey, including a food frequency questionnaire adapted from NHANES DSQ with modifications to include culturally appropriate food elements, was designed and conducted within this cohort to assess for dietary patterns.
Asian patients in our cohort have similar phenotypes as non-Asians with few distinctive differences. There was a Crohn's disease and male predominance similar with non-Asians. However, there was a high rate of proctitis in ulcerative colitis in Asian patients. Asian patients reported a typical dietary pattern that reflects a Westernized pattern rather than a traditional pattern. Despite a similar dietary pattern, there was a high rate of 25-OH Vitamin D deficiency (44%) and insufficiency (40%).
This single center study showed that the phenotype of Asian children with IBD in the U.S. is similar with that of non-Asian with a few distinct differences. The Asian children in our cohort reported following a Westernized dietary pattern and lifestyle. However, there was a high rate of Vitamin D deficiency surrounding diagnosis, suggesting a need for vigilant monitoring.
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