This article seeks to understand the importance of indigenous navigation on the northern coast of Peru during the Viceregal Period. Every day the rafts of the village of Indians of San Lucas de Colán ...arrived at the Spanish port of Paita to provide water and food. Through a smuggling case registered in 1707 in Paita involving two French vessels, the article explores the capacity of the indigenous rafts to participate in the legal and illegal trade along the route that linked Saint-Malo, the American ports on the Pacific and the Far East. The article presents a contextualization of the case and draws conclusions on the importance of indigenous participation. In addition, the article presents the paleographic version of the most relevant document consulted in this research.
Marine magnetic data extracted from the geophysical database of the SHOM (the French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service) offer a first overview of the magnetic offshore environment in the Gulf of ...Saint-Malo (Brittany, France). Their cross-interpretation with available geological and geophysical knowledge provides a new land and sea model of the western part of the Late Proterozoic North Armorican Cadomian belt. In particular, marine data exhibit relatively intense and heterogeneous magnetic signatures, mainly interpreted as the offshore prolongation of plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic geologic formations recognized onshore. Imprints of major faults well known on land can be inferred at sea from discontinuities and shifting of magnetic anomalies or followed by high-resolution bathymetry. An impressive and dense dolerite dyke swarm propagated on more than 50km from the coast seaward. Dykes are characterized by both 1-km-deep and less than 50-m-deep superficial magnetic responses, suggesting the existence of deeply rooted super dykes to which individual small-scale structures are connected.
Saint-Malo is baptized the “Nid des Corsaires”. It is the most glistening port in the Louis XIV’s kingdom (Lespagnol, 1995). How not to hold the famous names to which gives birth Saint-Malo, with a ...sailor such as Jacques Cartier or privateers as René Duguay-Trouin and Robert Surcouf? Saint Malo's prosperity in the Modern period and offspring of its famous names, can be understand only in ferments’ prospect carried out by other malouins, which footnotes of history was repulsed in the shade of greatest one. Include Saint Malo in the XIVth century requires a dichotomous reading. On one hand, the city joins in the continuity towards its past, that of three men’s types independance, in the triple legacy’s bloodline, the crossroads of an unchanging sea; on the other hand, it evolves with regard to his its time, there also according to the sea, politically as economically.
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•Tidal-dominated hard-rock coast with a varied HM spectrum forms a natural laboratory.•The tidal range controls the diversity of coastal features and siting of HM.•Neotectonics ...suppresses or accentuates the built-up of coastal-morphological features.•Weathering, erosion and marine processes are conservative with regard to the economic geology.•Granulometry, morphometry and situmetry are efficient quantitative tools to analyze this coastal environment.
The Isles of Jersey and Guernsey, GB, are situated in the Bight of St. Malo which ranks among the upper-macrotidal environments with one of the highest tidal ranges ever measured on the globe. They are built up of metasedimentary and –magmatic basement rocks followed by a suite of gabbro-diorite-granite intrusive rocks. Based on sedimentological, geomorphological and mineralogical investigations focused on heavy minerals (HM) the coastal environment has been subdivided into three principal coastal types headland-, headland-bay and bay types. Chemical and physical weathering, neotectonics, eustatic sea level changes, wave action, land-derived sediment supply and aeolian processes had not only a strong impact on the various coastal landform series (CLFS) established but also on the variegated HM assemblages casting them into the role of markers for the coastal environment and some kind of an ore guide for marine placer deposits. Tidal-dominated coastal environments under study sculptured exclusively out of crystalline bedrocks are conservative with regard to the economic geology and potential of HM placer-type deposits provided while physical weathering predominates over the chemical one. The tidal processes in context with the other land-forming processes are special importance for the diversity of coastal features within the environment hosting HM on a small- and large-scale. Neotectonics may accentuated or suppress tidally-controlled features in that strong uplift and provokes typical tidal features to get suppressed so that vast tidal flats are missing in a great deal of coastal areas and rocky coasts formed instead with consequences for the accumulation of HM. The “GMS tool (granulometry-morphology-situmetry) has methodologically proved to be very effective for the study of the coastal zones hosting HM in two principal ways. Granulometric and the morphological variation of HM can successfully be used for the host rock environment analysis (“ore guide”). Morphometric studies and situmetric measurements of gravel clasts in the coastal sediments bearing HM accompanied by similar measurement of joints and faults cutting through the bedrock can assist in the localization of HM trap sites in shoreline platforms and their rock veneer. The HM associations in upper-macrotidal environments are variegated in terms of morphology, mineralogical composition and their geomorphological trap sites so that they constitute a natural laboratory for environment analysis in terms of hydrodynamic and (paleo) climate along marine terrigenous shorelines and help better understand the way of HM from source to trap site in modern and paleoplacers.
Two-dimensional, plane-strain finite element numerical models produce small normal faults similar to those formed during the Oligocene to Miocene of the salt-cored St. Malo anticline in the deepwater ...Gulf of Mexico. The mechanical stratigraphy used in the models was derived from well data and a rate-independent, elastic-plastic constitutive model with a non-associated flow rule was used to represent the behavior of weak, over-consolidated rocks. Motion of salt is modeled by displacing the base of the overburden from an initially flat configuration to the observed present-day geometry. Model results using dominantly vertical displacement with minor extension (2%) are consistent with observed faulting at St. Malo. Small amounts of contraction (2–5%) in the numerical model suppress normal faulting whereas 2% extension best reproduces the observed structural style. The normal faults develop during elastic-plastic bending and evolve from sub-vertical, plastic mode-I failure zones to dominantly inclined normal faults. Throws of normal faults produced by the numerical models range from 11 m to 123 m. By comparison, the throws observed in the crest of the St. Malo anticline range from 30 m to 300 m. Models only using vertical displacement develop normal faults with ≤50 m throws due to bending; these are below seismic resolution. Only models with ≥2% extension develop normal faults that would be detectible (i.e., throws ≥50 m). A constraint of all the models is that the top of the salt is not faulted. The maximum depth of normal faulting in the models is ca. 900 m below the top of the reservoir. The maximum throws at the top of the reservoir in the models are ca. 30–65 m. Initiation of the normal faults as plastic mode-I failure zones in the numerical models suggests a mechanism that could facilitate early seal breach, even without juxtaposition of stratal leak points.
•Numerical models reproduce normal faults in crest of salt-cored St. Malo anticline.•Calibration of model results with observations predicts subseismic faults.•Rock properties and finite element mesh size control strain localizations.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems, FORMATS 2008, held in Saint Malo, France, September 2008. The 17 ...revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on extensions of timed automata and semantics; timed games and logic; case studies; model-checking of probabilistic systems; verification and test; timed petri nets.
Theatricality of the self is a part of contemporary writers' overall aesthetic, their public performances fusing with their published work. This is particularly evident in the performances of ...Francophone African writers, especially at literary festivals in France, where they must choose how to respond to roles as actors within the neocolonial framework of the Parisian publishing industry. By reading as scenario (Taylor) appearances by Alain Mabanckou and Léonora Miano at the 2013 Étonnants Voyageurs festival in Saint-Malo, France, I uncover evidence for a more nuanced understanding of resistant practices of parody: disidentification (Muñoz). Their performances are wholly integrated into the content and form of their prose, in a discourse specific to Francophone African authors today that simultaneously embraces and challenges the status quo of identity politics in the French literary field.
ABSTRACT
Uncertainty is inherent in every stage of the oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) business and understanding uncertainty enables mitigation of E&P risks. Therefore, quantification ...of uncertainty is beneficial for decision making and uncertainty should be managed along with other aspects of business. For example, decisions on well positioning should take into account the structural uncertainty related to the non‐uniqueness of a velocity model used to create a seismic depth image. Moreover, recent advances in seismic acquisition technology, such as full‐azimuth, long‐offset techniques, combined with high‐accuracy migration algorithms such as reverse‐time migration, can greatly enhance images even in highly complex structural settings, provided that an Earth velocity model with sufficient resolution is available. Modern practices often use non‐seismic observation to better constrain velocity model building. However, even with additional information, there is still ambiguity in our velocity models caused by the inherent non‐uniqueness of the seismic experiment. Many different Earth velocity models exist that match the observed seismic (and well) data and this ambiguity grows rapidly away from well controls. The result is uncertainty in the seismic velocity model and the true positions of events in our images. Tracking these uncertainties can lead to significant improvement in the quantification of exploration risk (e.g., trap failure when well‐logging data are not representative), drilling risk (e.g., dry wells and abnormal pore pressure) and volumetric uncertainties. Whilst the underlying ambiguity can never be fully eradicated, a quantified measure of these uncertainties provides a valuable tool for understanding and evaluating the risks and for development of better risk‐mitigation plans and decision‐making strategies.
Challenging the traditional narrative of an orderly establishment of law, sovereignty, and authority in the colony, Disputing New France reveals how negotiations and contestations among a range of ...actors actively shaped empire building, offering readers an intertwined history of French state formation and empire building in New France.
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