The research shows experiences of the war in Sarajevo from the citizens’ point of view, learned from architectural drawings, videos, photos, and other media projects from the war, different from ...sensational media representations. The results display how citizens in Sarajevo have been responding to the military violence during the siege between 1992-1996, relying on all available architectural and other materials. The newly developed x-media analysis includes the study of analogue and digital media documents on the war in Sarajevo, and a translation of the analogue materials to the digital materials for exhibitions or lectures. A virtual reality model includes a 3D model of the city and a transformed by war modernist apartment. Archival photos and videos from the war are collected in the open source digital archive ‘un-war space’.
The research shows experiences of the war in Sarajevo from the citizens’ point of view, learned from architectural drawings, videos, photos, and other media projects from the war, different from ...sensational media representations. The results display how citizens in Sarajevo have been responding to the military violence during the siege between 1992-1996, relying on all available architectural and other materials. The newly developed x-media analysis includes the study of analogue and digital media documents on the war in Sarajevo, and a translation of the analogue materials to the digital materials for exhibitions or lectures. A virtual reality model includes a 3D model of the city and a transformed by war modernist apartment. Archival photos and videos from the war are collected in the open source digital archive ‘un-war space’.
Water represented a very important segment in the design and functioning of Sarajevo over the course of its long past. Water, as a symbol of life, in various forms and shapes, has been an ...indispensable factor in the creation and development of many urban areas in human history, which is very clearly visible in the Sarajevo example. Based on data from unpublished archival materials, published sources and relevant literature, this text attempts to present certain elements that undoubtedly led to the city's development. The work deals with different thematic areas that chronologically presented the exploitation of the water potential of Sarajevo and its immediate surroundings, as one of the key causes of the city's urban development and its economic and social transformation. In the classic Ottoman era, Sarajevo was, to the greatest extent thanks to the institution of the Waqf, an area with an extremely large number of different forms of construction on the water. Wells, fountains and shadirwans as well as a wide branched network of water supply systems, made it possible to use the bounty of water unhindered. Mills and bridges were in the function of economic activity, which directly affected the prosperity of the city. In addition to these positive examples, the paper also provides information on certain problems caused by the natural effect of water power. During the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods, Sarajevo was faced with floods which, depending on the intensity and whether the Miljacka or one of its tributaries flooded, caused damages of different scopes. Therefore, special attention was paid to the efforts of the city authorities to prevent such scenarios. The paper deals with the construction and maintenance of Sarajevo's water supply network. Its beginnings in the Ottoman period are presented and analyzed, as well as the first, at that time, modern approaches in the construction of a modern water supply system after the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian authorities, aware of the existing water potential of the source of the Mošćanica river not far from Sarajevo, tried to make maximum use of these facilities with the aim of supplying the city with sufficient quantities of drinking water. The Ottoman waterworks were dilapidated and could not meet the needs of the entire population, which was constantly growing, and the city's territory was expanding year by year, so this was also an aggravating circumstance. The paper shows in detail how the construction of the first modern water supply system in Sarajevo proceeded in 1889, as well as how it functioned in the following period. The presented and analyzed cases from the original material clearly illustrate the problems faced by the residents who wanted to connect their housholds to the water supply network as well s how the new water supply system caused various types of damage to their private properties. The last segment that this paper treats refers to the use of water power for the production of electricity. Towards the end of the First World War, the Dudin Hrid power plant was put into operation, which used the water power of the existing water supply brought from the Jahorina mountain. In this way, the city was supplied with water and electricity, which was extremely important. Particular attention was paid to the construction of a hydroelectric plant on the Željeznica River, in Bogatići, not far from Sarajevo. This project, although conceived and planned at the beginning of the twentieth century, was only realized after the Second World War and represented the first built object of the First Five-Year Plan. The results of the research presented here can serve, not only within the framework of the historiographic range, but also for the needs of knowledge that is of various social significance.
At the moment, there is no real picture of the state of geodetic proffesion in Sarajevo Canton. To be precise, there are no official data, for the Sarajevo Canton area, about the number and structure ...of geodetic experts and their activities in the proffesion, nor on the number and type of surveying equipment and software used, both in private and public sector. This paper deals with the collection and analysis of data on the number and structure of geodetic experts, as well as on data on the surveying instruments equipment and service systems of public sector u Sarajevo Canton. This paper should give a real picture of the state of surveying proffesion, and a good basis for decisions making and rehabilitation plans of the state of geodetic profession in the Sarajevo Canton.
The paper argues that the narrative of the independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of its capital city Sarajevo under siege (1992-1995) was built on the trope of Sarajevo's European, ...Western-oriented, cosmopolitan cultural identity, based on the image initially nurtured by Socialist Yugoslavia. In the new context of the implosion of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945 -1991) the siege of Sarajevo and the war in one of the Yugoslav republics, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslav socialism was replaced by the multi-ethnic and cosmopolitan character of the young Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. I argue that the image of Sarajevo during the siege, as a by-product of foreign attention to the plight of the country and its citizens, was built on the pre-existing premises that promoted Socialist Yugoslavia as Western oriented and therefore progressive, in contrast to other communist countries beyond the Iron Curtain.
Based on available archival material and periodicals, the author reconstructs the life story of Javer Effendi Baruch, one of the most respected and wealthy citizens of Sarajevo, during the ...Austro-Hungarian administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The personality of Javer Eff. Baruch has not been thoroughly researched in the historiography so far. It is known that Baruch gained a social reputation during Ottoman rule. After the arrival of Austria-Hungary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he not only managed to preserve and strengthen his social position but also acquired enviable wealth. This paper aims to present the unusual life path of a Sephardic from Sarajevo. The paper analyzes his life path from a supplier for military needs, a customs tenant, a Sarajevo city councilor, to a convict for insulting majesty. Based on the available historical materials, the existence of changes in the relationship between the then administration and society towards Javer Effendi Baruch after 1887 is examined.
In Sarajevo, since the formation of the Jewish religious community, the religious education of children has developed simultaneously. First, four-grade elementary schools, where mostly male children ...went, came forward. Later in the 17th century, Talmud-Torah secondary school was developed, while Yeshiva was only formed in the second half of the 18th century. Until the establishment of the Belgrade Yeshiva by Rav Yehuda Lerma in 5395 (1635) and the Sarajevo Yeshiva by Rav David Pardo in 5528 (1768), there were no rabbinical schools in the territories of the Western Balkans and neither rabbis. In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, there was a need for qualified personnel for the religious education of Jewish children and youth according to general laws, in lower and secondary schools. On June 13, 1928, the Jewish Secondary Theological Seminary was opened, which began operating on November 25, 1928. The Seminary operated until 1941, when it was closed on April 6 by Nazzi Germans. The paper aims to present the development of Jewish religious education from the arrival of Sephardim to Sarajevo in the 16th century until 1941. To show the importance of the development of rabbinic and Talmudic studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the reputation of Sarajevo's Jewish religious schools in Europe and the world.
The paper examines recent drastic examples of politicization and mythologization of Bosniak historiography and the entire Bosniak historical narrative: the controversial renaming of streets and ...schools in Sarajevo, the ‘Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids’, exaggerating the number of war casualties, and the 2019 History Festival. The background of the examples discussed reveals an ideology and policy that seeks to consolidate the national identity of Bosniaks and aspires to establish a unitary and centralized Bosnia-Herzegovina, arousing hostility toward their neighbors, especially the Serbs.
At the height of the Serbian siege of Sarajevo, Ellen Blackman could no longer bear the televised images of wounded children desperate for medical care. So she set off for Bosnia. There she shared ...the tragedies and occasional triumphs of a brave people whose world was crumbling around them while a seemingly indifferent world stood by. And despite tremendous bureaucratic and dangerous obstacles, she got the children out.
This paper explores how citizens took part in educational opportunities in the Ottoman Empire with their endowments (waqfs). The focus is on the charity work for the benefit of maktabs in the City of ...Sarajevo in the Ottoman Era. The paper expounds on the contribution the citizens made to maktabs – the institutions which provided elementary education for the children and youth. The time period the paper examines is 18th and 19th centuries, and the occasion is the event that took place in 1697, when Sarajevo was devastated under the attack of the Austrian Army. The research is based on waqfs dating back to those centuries, the records of which, predominantly in the form of transcripts, may be found in the Archives of the Gazi Husrev-Bay's Library in Sarajevo. It is indicated that over the period of several decades of the recovery of Sarajevo from the suffering of 1697, maktabs were rebuilt and supported for the greater part from endowments made by the citizens of Sarajevo, who donated their own property. In addition to rebuilding those maktabs which had been built next to mosques in the previous centuries, the citizens of Sarajevo also set up independent maktabs, away from the complex of a mosque. The endowments reveal that a rather widespread form of educational support provided by the citizens benefactors, both men and womene, was to allocate the income from an endowment for the teacher salaries. In that way, income for teachers was supplied in situations when the fundamental waqf from which a maktab was supported had been depleted. Examples show that benefactors assigned appropriate duties to the teaching staff in their waqf, which secured them (muallims) additional income. Support to educational opportunities was also reflected in giving gifts to students. Some benefactors specified that a portion of the income from an endowment was to be used to buy clothes for underprivileged students. Most often, students of a maktab, as well as other poorer inhabitants of a street block (mahalla) received from a waqf free bread, particularly in the holy days. The paper reveals that some citizens of Sarajevo allocated in their last will a one-off aid to maktabs from their inheritance. It also presents examples of private maktabs which were set up by wealthy, learned citizens to educate young people. Charity in general, particularly the one which was donated through the institute of waqfs, represented an important aspect of the activities of citizens in the Ottoman period. With those actions for the benefit of maktabs they supported educational opportunities in their own social communities. It was that very form of charity work that the citizens of Sarajevo maintained in the decades that followed after the end of the Ottoman rule.
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