Assimilating Seoul Henry, Todd A
2014., 20140307, 2014, 2014-02-15, Letnik:
12
eBook
Assimilating Seoul, the first book-length study written in English about Seoul during the colonial period, challenges conventional nationalist paradigms by revealing the intersection of Korean and ...Japanese history in this important capital. Through microhistories of Shinto festivals, industrial expositions, and sanitation campaigns, Todd A. Henry offers a transnational account that treats the city’s public spaces as "contact zones," showing how residents negotiated pressures to become loyal, industrious, and hygienic subjects of the Japanese empire. Unlike previous, top-down analyses, this ethnographic history investigates modalities of Japanese rule as experienced from below. Although the colonial state set ambitious goals for the integration of Koreans, Japanese settler elites and lower-class expatriates shaped the speed and direction of assimilation by bending government initiatives to their own interests and identities. Meanwhile, Korean men and women of different classes and generations rearticulated the terms and degree of their incorporation into a multiethnic polity. Assimilating Seoul captures these fascinating responses to an empire that used the lure of empowerment to disguise the reality of alienation.
Global Asian City provides a unique theoretical framework for studying the growth of cities and migration focused on the notion of desire as a major driver of international migration to Asian cities.
...Draws on more than 120 interviews of emigrants to Seoul including migrant workers from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, English teachers from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, UK and USA, and international students at two elite Korean universities
Features a comparative account of different migrant populations and the ways in which national migration systems and urban processes create differences between these groups
Focuses on the causes of international migrant to Seoul, South Korea, and reveals how migration has transformed the city and nation, especially in the last two decades
Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is not considered a major public health threat on the continent of Africa. However, Africa is exposed to rodentborne SEOV introduction events through maritime traffic ...after exponential growth of trade with the rest of the world. Serologic studies have already detected hantavirus antibodies in human populations, and recent investigations have confirmed circulation of hantavirus, including SEOV, in rat populations. Thus, SEOV is a possible emerging zoonotic risk in Africa. Moreover, the range of SEOV could rapidly expand, and transmission to humans could increase because of host switching from the usual brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) species, which is currently invading Africa, to the more widely installed black rat (R. rattus) species. Because of rapid economic development, environmental and climatic changes, and increased international trade, strengthened surveillance is urgently needed to prevent SEOV dissemination among humans in Africa.
Abstract
Background
During 2017, a multistate outbreak investigation occurred after the confirmation of Seoul virus (SEOV) infections in people and pet rats. A total of 147 humans and 897 rats were ...tested.
Methods
In addition to immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM serology and traditional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), novel quantitative RT-PCR primers/probe were developed, and whole genome sequencing was performed.
Results
Seventeen people had SEOV IgM, indicating recent infection; 7 reported symptoms and 3 were hospitalized. All patients recovered. Thirty-one facilities in 11 US states had SEOV infection, and among those with ≥10 rats tested, rat IgG prevalence ranged 2%–70% and SEOV RT-PCR positivity ranged 0%–70%. Human laboratory-confirmed cases were significantly associated with rat IgG positivity and RT-PCR positivity (P = .03 and P = .006, respectively). Genomic sequencing identified >99.5% homology between SEOV sequences in this outbreak, and these were >99% identical to SEOV associated with previous pet rat infections in England, the Netherlands, and France. Frequent trade of rats between home-based ratteries contributed to transmission of SEOV between facilities.
Conclusions
Pet rat owners, breeders, and the healthcare and public health community should be aware and take steps to prevent SEOV transmission in pet rats and to humans. Biosecurity measures and diagnostic testing can prevent further infections.
An investigation of Seoul virus infections in pet rats and people in the US found 31 infected facilities and 17 people with recent infections—all recovered with 3 hospitalized. Frequent trade of rats contributed to transmission of SEOV between facilities.
A cluster of 3 persons in Germany experienced hantavirus disease with renal insufficiency. Reverse transcription PCR-based genotyping revealed infection by Seoul hantavirus transmitted from pet rats. ...Seoul virus could be responsible for disease clusters in Europe, and infected pet rats should be considered a health threat.
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever in humans worldwide. However, few hantavirus surveillance campaigns occur in Africa. We detected Seoul orthohantavirus in black rats in Senegal, although we did ...not find serologic evidence of this disease in humans. These findings highlight the need for increased surveillance of hantaviruses in this region.
Seoul virus (SEOV) is an emerging global health threat that can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which results in case fatality rates of ∼2%. There are no approved treatments for ...SEOV infections. We developed a cell-based assay system to identify potential antiviral compounds for SEOV and generated additional assays to characterize the mode of action of any promising antivirals. To test if candidate antivirals targeted SEOV glycoprotein-mediated entry, we developed a recombinant reporter vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SEOV glycoproteins. To facilitate the identification of candidate antiviral compounds targeting viral transcription/replication, we successfully generated the first reported minigenome system for SEOV. This SEOV minigenome (SEOV-MG) screening assay will also serve as a prototype assay for discovery of small molecules inhibiting replication of other hantaviruses, including Andes and Sin Nombre viruses. Ours is a proof-of-concept study in which we tested several compounds previously reported to have activity against other negative-strand RNA viruses using our newly developed hantavirus antiviral screening systems. These systems can be used under lower biocontainment conditions than those needed for infectious viruses, and identified several compounds with robust anti-SEOV activity. Our findings have important implications for the development of anti-hantavirus therapeutics.
•Seoul virus (SEOV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).•A SEOV reporter minigenome system was established.•A SEOV glycoprotein expressing reporter vesicular stomatitis virus was established.•These systems enable antiviral screening at lower biocontainment levels.
Seoul hantavirus-associated hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases are rare outside Asia and have not yet been found in Germany. We report clinical and molecular evidence for a Seoul virus ...infection in a patient in Germany. The infection was most likely acquired during a stay in Sulawesi, Indonesia.
E-government is increasingly being used to improve transparency in the government sector and to combat corruption. Using institutional theory as an analytical perspective, this study documents and ...evaluates the development of an anti-corruption system called OPEN (Online Procedures ENhancement for civil application) in the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Incorporating three distinctive (yet interrelated) dimensions of institutionalization (regulatory/coercive, cognitive/mimetic, and normative), and four anti-corruption strategies embedded in the system, this study investigates how an e-government system for anti-corruption in a local government has evolved and become a prototype of a national system to be used for the same purpose. The findings show that in implementing OPEN, a system for anti-corruption, the regulatory dimension was most effective, and (as in many IS implementations) strong leadership was crucial to its success.
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