In this volume, Thomas Olander offers a historical analysis of the inflectional endings of Proto-Slavic, comparing them with the corresponding endings in related languages and reconstructing the ...Proto-Indo-European point of departure.
In this volume Jaap Kamphuis provides a comprehensive and systematic corpus-based quantitative and qualitative study of verbal aspect in Old Church Slavonic.
The article is devoted to the semantics of the Proto-Slavic word *kъrkъ, whose descendants have a wide range of meanings from ‘throat’ to ‘back’. The analysis presented shows that the Proto-Slavic ...word can be most probably reconstructed to mean ‘vertebra prominens / cervical vertebrae’. With this taken into account, the author looks at the previously proposed etymologies and puts forward a new one.
The demand for translations is increasing at a rate far beyond the capacity of professional translators. It is too difficult, time consuming and expensive to translate everything from scratch in each ...language. Machine translation offers a solution, as it provides translation automatically. Until recently, statistical machine translation has proved to be one of the most successful approaches. However, a new approach to machine translation based on neural networks has emerged with promising results. The present paper concerns phrase-based statistical machine translation, an area that has been extensively studied in the literature. The translation system consists of many components built on the premise of probabilities. Each component is described separately. Although high quality translation systems have been developed for certain language pairs, there is still a large number of languages that cause many translation errors. Languages with a rich morphology pose an especially difficult challenge for research. We address one group of morphologically rich languages: Slavic languages, which constitute a relatively homogeneous family of languages characterized by rich, inflectional morphology. The present paper offers a comprehensive survey of approaches to coping with Slavic languages in different aspects of statistical machine translation. We observe that the interest of the community in research of more difficult languages is increasing and we believe that the translation quality of those languages will reach the level of practical use in the near future.
Although the Proto-Slavic word for lungs can be reliably reconstructed as *pluťa (n. pl.) or *pľuťa (n. pl.), it remains unclear how these two forms are related to each other. Scholars have expressed ...contradictory views as to which of the two forms should be considered primary. In a number of Slavic languages, the descendants of *pľuťa are more widespread, as they can be found in Old Church Slavonic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian, Czech, Slovak, Polish, Lusatian, and Old Russian, whereas the continuants of *pluťa prevail (without being exclusive) in two unconnected areas: Polish-Sorbian-Polabian and Serbo-Croatian-Slovenian. It seems most likely that the form *pľuťa is older and *pluťa is an innovation. The following attempts have been made to explain the relation between the two forms: a) assimilation *pluťa > *pľuťa; b) dissimilation *pljutja > *plutja or *pľuťa > *pluťa; c) *pľuťa > *pluťa under the influence of the infinitive *pluti ‘to fl oat’; d) *pľuťa > *pluťa as a result of the ‘secondary hardening of ľ; e) doubleting *pľuťa / *pluťa because of the twofold development of Proto-Slavic *eu̯ > *u/*ju; f) doubleting *pľuťa / *pluťa as a reflection of two ablaut grades within one athematic paradigm; g) doubleting as a result of vowel assimilation *pleu̯ti̯ā > *plau̯ti̯ā. In our view, the distant dissimilation of the palatals ľ–ť > l–ť or the influence of the underlying verb *pluti ‘float’ should be considered the most probable scenarios of how the variant *pluťa appeared. In terms of word formation, it is likely that feminine *pleu̯tis > *pľutь was the initial form. Having shifted from *-i-declination to *-jā, it came to be perceived as the plural of the neutral noun.
This dictionary in the Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series systematically and exhaustively deals with the Slavic inherited lexicon. It is unique in combining recent insights from the ...field of comparative Indo-European linguistics with modern Balto-Slavic accentology. In addition, the author makes an explicit attempt at reconstructing part of the Balto-Slavic lexicon.The entries of the dictionary are alphabetically arranged Proto-Slavic etyma. Each lemma consists of a number of fields which contain the evidence, reconstructions and notes. The introduction explains the contents and the significance of the individual fields. Here the reader can also find information on the various sources of the material. The volume concludes with an extensive bibliography of sources and secondary literature, and a word index.
argues that Serbian binding data provide support for the Parameterized DP Hypothesis (e.g.,
,
,
,
,
,
). His key claim is that the differences in binding possibilities observed between English and ...Serbian result from the presence of a DP layer in the former vs. its absence in the latter.
Apparent determiners in Serbian are claimed to be NP-adjoined elements (with category left unspecified).
In this squib, I show that Despić's analysis makes incorrect predictions about Serbian and closely related Slavic languages: Bulgarian and Macedonian.
U ovom se radu raspravlja o podrijetlu praslavenskog ornitonima *čižь / *čižьkъ / *čižikъ m. ‘čižak, Spinus spinus L.’. Čižak je dobro poznata i lako prepoznatljiva ptica pjevica čiji karakterističan ...glas zvuči poput ponavljajućega cvrkuta čí-čí ʧi:-ʧi:. Onomatopejsko objašnjenje, koje je više puta prihvaćeno u literaturi o ovoj temi, moglo se pojaviti u praslovenskom jeziku tek nakon prve palatalizacije guturalnih suglasnika, datirane u sredinu prvoga tisućljeća pr. Kr. Dakle, s gledišta baltoslavenske fonologije, praslavenski je izraz za ‘čižak’ inovativan. Ne možemo odlučiti jesu li sami preci Slavena stvorili ornitonim *čižь / *čižьkъ / *čižikъ na onomatopejskoj osnovi u kasnoj fazi razvoja praslaveskog jezika ili su ga posudili iz stranoga izvora. Zvučni fonem *-ž-, koji narušava izvorno „onomatopejsko” podrijetlo, čini se da podupire hipotezu o posuđivanju iz stranoga jezika. U ovom se članku sugerira da bi izvor navodne posuđenice mogao biti protouralski izraz *čičä(-kä) ~ *činčä(-kä) koji označava ‘malu pticu pjevicu’ (savršeno sačuvan u saamiju, permu, ugarskom i samojedskim jezicima), koji je vjerojatno funkcionirao već u vrijeme raspada uralske zajednice (tj. u četvrtom tisućljeću pr. Kr.), pa je stoga nekoliko tisućljeća stariji od praslavenskog izraza za ‘čižak’. Autor pretpostavlja da su (po svoj prilici) Praslaveni tu uralsku posuđenicu preuzeli preko neutvrđenoga ugrofinskog supstrata, koji je ostavio različite tragove u praslavenskom leksiku.
Статья представляет собой исследование трактата «Книга гл8емаЯ буšквьъ», имеющего важное значение для изучения развития славянской грамматической традиции. В рамках типологического подхода к анализу ...подобных руководств в работе проводится систематическое сопоставление данного пособия с грамматическими словарями церковнославянского языка Буковницей (РГБ, ф.173.1, № 35, л. 130–235) и «Кнъ0га гл8емаЯ буšквьъ граÌмоти0чнаго оУ5че0н1я» (РГБ, ф.299, № 336, л. 23 об.–57 об.). Установлено сходство типа описания книжного языка, представленное в трактате «Книга гл8емаЯ буšквьъ», с названными орфографическими руководствами, что позволяет охарактеризовать его как упрощенный вид грамматического словаря.
PDF
