The model of education in the ethnically mixed area of Slovene Istria is designed to ensure schooling for members of the Italian national community and their children in their own language, i.e., ...Italian. Although also attended by pupils of other nationalities, primary schools with Italian as the language of instruction are key for the preservation of Italian culture and language. The authors present selected research findings that shed light on the opinions of pupils and their parents on whether schools with Italian as the language of instruction develop pupils’ communicative competence in both Italian and Slovene, and whether the existing model of education creates conditions that promote the pupils’ awareness of the linguistic and cultural diversity of their environment. The results of the research reveal that the majority of the respondents consider competence in several languages an added value and that the model of education is adequate and good.
Za sodobno humanistiko je znacilno, da poudarja vlogo jezika kot sistema znakov, ki omogoca ne le komuniciranje, razpravljanje, izrazanje mnenj, temvec prek rab, aktualizacij tega sistema vzpostavlja ...druzbene vezi, pripadnosti, identitete, oblikuje modele za pojmovanje sveta, prostora. Postrukturalisticni4 »jezikovni obrat«, ki je v humanistiki izpostavil ontolosko prvenstvo teksta in diskurza ter ju povezal z razmerji moci in strukturami vednosti, se v geografiji najjasneje kaze v metafori pokrajina je besedilo (Hoelscher 2009b). Razumevanje pokrajine kot besedila sicer samo na sebi ni iznajdba postmoderne geografije, saj je zaznamovalo ze nemsko Landschaftsgeographie in njeno hermenevticno razbiranje antropogenih sledi in objektivizacij druzbenosti v fizicnosti pokrajine, koreninilo pa je se v starejsem izrocilu krscansko-humanisticnega tolmacenja prostora v stari geografiji 19. stoletja (Hard 2008: 271-272, 279-284). Toda prvotno zgolj metaforicna analogija med tekstom in prostorom se je zdaj tako rekoc leksikalizirala in terminologizirala, s tem da je bila vpeljana v okviru razclenjenega lingvo-semioticnega pojmovnega instrumentarija, ki je preplavil postmoderno humanistiko. Na splosno lahko besedilo opredelimo kot komunikacijski pojav, ki nastane z uporabo jezikovnih znakov za predstavitev (reprezentacijo) neke vednosti, stalisca in/ali uresnicevanje nekega namena, cilja (Marko Juvan 2006: 120). Besedilo sestavljajo povedi in druge jezikovne prvine, ki so oblikovno in vsebinsko povezane ter soodvisne, tako da je besedilo zaokrozena celota. Ta celota predstavlja posebno raven pomena, to je smisel, ki ima med drugim posebno komunikacijsko vlogo. Tako besedilni smisel kakor omenjena vloga sta odvisna tudi od situacije oz. konteksta, v katerem besedilo nastane, polozaja, v katerem ga naslovnik sprejema, in intenc akterjev, ki elemente materialnega sveta - z njihovim razmejevanjem od okolja in vzpostavljanjem pomenotvornih razmerij med njimi - kot besedilo vzpostavijo ali dojamejo (Juvan 2006: 120-121). Besedilo je »pojav, ki je vseskozi vpet v proces pisanja, razumevanja, interpretiranja in reinterpretiranja konvencionalnih znakov« (Juvan 2006: 133), zato ni le kulturni izdelek, ampak tudi simbolni prostor, kjer socasno potekata dva procesa: predstavljanje sveta in druzbena interakcija. Besedilo je ne samo temeljna enota literature, ampak je, kot je opozoril Bahtin, »temeljna danost ... vsega humanisticno-filoloskega misljenja« (Bahtin 1999: 285), kar pomeni, da je humanisticnim znanstvenikom sodobna in pretekla kultura s svojimi praksami vred dostopna in pomenljiva samo prek tekstov (izjav), materializiranih v najrazlicnejsih oblikah; teksti kot izhodisce in glavni predmet humanistike pa so ne samo pisni ali ustni, temvec tudi nebesedni, denimo vedenje neke skupine v ritualih ali simbolna govorica arhitekture in urbanizma (prim. Juvan 2000: 7-14). Pojem tekst, razumljen v sirsem semioticnem pomenu, je mogoce prenesti na zivljenjski prostor in pokrajino, kolikor v njuni fizicnosti opazovalec prepozna znakovnost (znake, indekse, sledi, simptome itn.), prek katere lahko prostoru prisodi neki pomen, sporocilnost. Geografija je pri preucevanju prostora segla se po dveh literarnoteoretskih koncepcijah, povezanih s pojmom tekst. Konstitutivna lastnost tekstov je medbesedilnost, saj vsako besedilo vsebuje sledi drugih besedil in znakovnih sistemov kulture oz. se nanje nanasa, sklicuje, te predloge pa spet predpostavljajo, evocirajo in predelujejo nove in nove tekstualne plasti sodobnega in preteklega kulturnega prostora (prim. Juvan 2008). V luci pojma medbesedilnost lahko preucujemo slojevitost pejsaza ali mestnega tkiva, ki v sleherni sedanjosti nosi v sebi sporocila ostalin iz minulih dob naravne in kulturne zgodovine, pa tudi clovekovo orientacijo v prostoru ter njegovo kognitivno urejanje, clenjenje in opomenjanje neposrednega zivljenjskega okolja prek mentalnih podob in shem, spominsko akumuliranih z recepcijo mnogovrstnih, zlasti zanrsko ponovljivih besedilnih imaginacij prostora (Juvan 2006: 255-258). Drugi izraz, ki je pritegnil geografe, je diskurz, tj. raba jezika v konkretnih situacijah, v katere izjavljanje umesca svoje subjekte in vzpostavlja vezi z aktanti, ki so naslovniki izjave ali pa so z njo predstavljeni, predpostavljeni, zlasti kot nosilci predhodnih, naknadnih ali moznih izjav (prim. Juvan 2006: 47-51; Koron 2004/2005). V geografiji je diskurz razumljen kot niz reprezentacij, praks in predstav, ki oblikujejo pomene, jih povezujejo v omrezja in jih osmisljajo.
Literarna dela kot diskurzivna artikulacija bivanjskega izkustva življenjskega prostora postajajo legitimen predmet geografskega preučevanja. Postmoderna geografija si je za svoje potrebe prilagodila ...tudi nekatere koncepcije literarne vede, kot so intertekstualnost, pokrajina kot besedilo ali geografsko zamišljanje. Kvalitativna analiza izbranih primerov literarnih besedil, ki tematizirajo prostor slovenske Istre, pokaže, kako se v njih oblikujejo topofilija, identitetna razlika jaz/drugi ter občutja kraja in brez krajevnosti. Gre za sodobne pojme humanistične geografije, ki pretežno objektivistično, naravoslovno-družboslovno tradicijo stroke nadgrajujejo z upoštevanjem posameznikovega in skupnostnega dojemanja, zamišljanja in oblikovanja prostora. Literarna dela geografiji omogočajo preučevanje našega odnosa do življenjskega okolja in pomenov, ki jih prostoru pripisujemo ali pa se z njimi identificiramo. Naša razmerja do prostora so tudi temeljni pogoj za oblikovanje identitet in družbene odgovornosti.
The two different models of bilingual/multilingual education that have been developed in Slovenia since the 1950s in the regions of Prekmurje (minority language Hungarian) and Slovene Istria ...(Italian) are the result of international agreements, education and language policies, social and demographic factors. The basic aim in both cases is to help ensure the equal rights of the minority community, their language and their culture. In this paper, we shall present the historical and social background to the development of these two models, and describe the way in which language and education policies are applied in these two mixed areas. Drawing upon empirical research, we shall also consider how successful the models have been in achieving their stated goals. Finally, we shall present the results of research into attitudes and perceptions among parents and children toward multilingual and multicultural education in these two Slovene regions, using the collected data to compare the relative success of the two different models in the eyes of the local communities.
Steep bare rocky slopes that are badlands at the same time, are a morphogenetic particularity of the flyschpart of the Istrian Peninsula. On them, microrelief forms are of a short life cycle, since ...erosion processes are fast. On the basis of measurements of sediment production in flysch rocks on fourerosion plots in the Rokava watershed situated south of the village of Marezige, we show in this paper how fast these processes are. The annual sedimentproduction in flysch rocks is on average around 80kg/m2, which means that the slope retreat rate is about 35 mm/year.Further more, weekly measurements of sediment production in flysch rockf or the period of 15 months(from February 2005 till April 2006) are shown, as well as weekly and seasonal averages. Linear statistical correlations between sediment production in flysch rocks and weather conditions are also presented.
The paper focuses on bilingualism among the Slovene majority in Slovene Istria approximately 50 years after the Italian community living there were granted official minority status. This empirical ...research shows a high level of Slovene-Italian bilingualism in the observed population. It reveals that a high level of communicative competence in one language entails a high level of communicative competence in the other language. Another significant finding is that the younger age groups of the observed population are characterised by a higher level of communicative competence in both Slovene and Italian in comparison to the older age groups. The key factors of influence are the opportunities for bilingual education in the school system and the fact that the younger generations are more influenced by Italian media. Age, however, does not influence language use; the younger age groups use Italian very rarely and no more often than the other age groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that language use is not so much affected by the level of communicative competence, but rather primarily by the number of opportunities to use a language.
The paper presents ToBI, a transcription method for prosodic annotation. ToBI is an acronym for Tones and Breaks Indices which first denoted an intonation system developed in the 1990s for annotating ...intonation and prosody in the database of spoken Mainstream American English. The MAE_ToBI transcription originally consists of six parts – the audio recording of the utterance, the fundamental frequency contour and four parallel tiers for the transcription of tone sequence, ortographic transcription, indication of break indices between words and for additional observations. The core of the transcription, i. e. of the phonological analyses of the intonation pattern, is represented by the tone tier where tonal variation is transcribed by using labels for high tone and low tone where a tone can appear as a pitch accent, phrase accent and boundary tone. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, the system soon began to be used for the prosodic annotation of other variants of English and many other languages, as well as in different non-linguistic fields, leading to the creation of many new ToBI systems adapted to individual languages and dialects. The author is the first to use this method for Slovene, more precisely, for the intonational transcription and analysis of the corpus of spontaneous speech of Slovene Istria, in order to investigate if the ToBi system is useful for the annotation of Slovene and its regional variants.
Soil erosion in Slovene Istria Zorn, Matija; Mikoš, Matjaž
Geologija (Ljubljana, Slovenia),
12/2009, Letnik:
52, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
From the end of nineties of the 20th century, intense hydrologic and geomorphologic research is taking place in the Slovene Istria. As a part of this research also studies on soil erosion were ...undertaken in the period from 2005 to 2008. The field measurements were under taken onclosed 1m2 large erosion plots under three different land uses (on bare soils in an olive grove, on an overgrown meadow, in a forest), placed south of the Marezige village in the Rokava River basin.We show weekly measurements of surface erosion (interrill erosion) for the period of 13 months (the end of March 2005 – the end of April 2006), as well as monthly and seasonal averages together with selected linear statistical correlations between soil erosion and weather parameters.From May 2005 to April 2006 the interrill erosion on bare soils in an olive grove with an inclination of 5.5° amounted to 9013 g/m2 (90 t/ha) that corresponds to surface lowering rate of 8.5 mm/yr; on an overgrown meadow with an inclination of 9.4° it amounted to 168 g/m2 (1,68 t/ha) that corresponds to surface lowering rate of 0.16 mm//yr; and in a forest with an inclination of 7.8° it amounted to 391 g/m2 (3,91 t/ha) and in a forest with an inclination of 21.4° it amounted to 415 g/m2 (4,15 t/ha), respectively, that corresponds to surface lowering rate of 0.4 mm/yr.
PDF
