Med uniformnim in edinstvenim Tina Košak
Acta historiae artis Slovenica,
12/2020, Letnik:
25, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Članek obravnava najobsežnejši ohranjeni sklop upodobitev dobrotnikov iz slovenskih samostanov, tj. portrete dobrotnikov in deželnih knezov iz cistercijanskega samostana Stična. Osredotoča se ...na tipologijo, pomen in slogovne značilnosti z ozirom na sorodne ohranjene cikle iz (notranje)avstrijskih samostanov in z ozirom na njihove likovne in pisne vire. Celopostavni portretni upodobitvi vojvode Leopolda III. in njegove soproge Viride (Narodna galerija, Slovenija), doslej pripisani Ferdinandu Stainerju, razkrivata izrazite sorodnosti s serijo šestih celopostavnih upodobitev dobrotnikov cistercijanskega samostana Vetrinj Ferdinanda Fromillerja. Atribucijo Fromillerju omogoča tudi Fromillerjeva risba dobrotnika, identičnega Leopoldu III., v Koroškem deželnem arhivu. Tudi primerjalna analiza desetih ovalnih portretov stiških dobrotnikov in deželnih knezov omogoča tezo, da so dela nastala v Fromillerjevi delavnici. Portreti so nastali v naslonu na ilustracije v knjigah portretov, kot vir napisov na spodnjem delu ovalov pa je bila identificirana leta 1719 dokončana Idiographia Pavla Puclja.
Članek prinaša sistematičen pregled nad listinskimi omembami pokopov laikov v cistercijanskem samostanu Stična in njihovim vplivom na umetnostno zasnovo cisterce. Najstarejši dokaz povezav s ...plemstvom je krog z grbovnim ščitkom tik nad nekdanjim nišnim grobom v severovzhodnem kotu križnega hodnika ob prvotnem meniškem vhodu v cerkev. Naslikan je bil pred obokanjem križnega hodnika, ki se postavlja v čas okrog leta 1228. Do tega leta arhivski viri med pokopanimi v samostanu omenjajo le soustanovitelje samostana, Višnjegorske grofe in njihovo rodbino. Po sredini 13. stoletja so v skladu s prakso v drugih cistercijanskih samostanih pokopi laikov postali pogostejši. Najstarejša listina, ki se najverjetneje nanaša na pokop laika v cerkvi, sega v leto 1293. Avtorica v članku argumentirano podaja številne nove interpretacije in razpravlja o identifikaciji grbov, mestu, kjer so bili pokopani soustanovitelji samostana, identifikaciji oseb, ki so bile pokopane v pokopališki kapeli, in nišnem grobu pod najstarejšim grbom v križnem hodniku.
The burial deposits from the grave with a cuirass from tumulus 52 or IV at Stična, excavated by the Duchess of Mecklenburg in 1913, have already been published four times ...and have been differently presented each time. None of the four versions completely corresponds with the data in the notes of the Duchess’s secretary, Gustav Goldberg. Of the finds that have previously been attributed to this grave, only a cuirass, a kernos and a small pot can definitely be ascribed to it. In addition, a fluted ciborium and spearheads may derive from the grave. Two lids, two smaller ciboria and 67 dome-shaped loop-backed buttons are certainly not from this burial. The smaller ciboria and the lids are from another Stična grave, from Magdalenska gora or perhaps some other cemetery of the Dolenjska (Lower Carniola) Hallstatt culture, while the dome-shaped buttons originate from the cemetery at Stražni dol near Golek pri Vinici.Rainer-Maria Weiss ascribed a belt-plate with figurative ornament depicting a procession of men and a woman to a grave with a cuirass from tumulus 52. Biba Teržan ascribed the same belt-plate to a grave with a double-crested helmet from tumulus 55 or VI at Stična. However, the belt-plate is not from any of these graves.The grave groups of the Mecklenburg Collection are unreliable. Finds from other graves from the same or even from a different site have sometimes been added to the Hallstatt period graves from Magdalenska gora and Stična. Some are undoubtedly from the Latest Hallstatt-La Tène cemetery at Stražni dol near Golek pri Vinici (e.g. dome-shaped buttons of the Vinica type, bronze sun rings, bronze shepherd’s crook pins and amber beads of Palavestra’s types 8d and 8e). Conversely, some grave groups from Golek pri Vinici contain Hallstatt period finds that were excavated by the Duchess on Magdalenska gora and at Stična
U svojoj studiji o halštatskim tumulima iz Stične objavljenoj u monografiji Stična II/2 (Ljubljana 2010), Stane Gabrovec na slici 21 predstavio je tablicu i na slici 23 plan s tipičnim grobovima ...četiriju kronoloških faza u tumulu 48. Četvrtoj fazi koja bi trebala odgovarati certoškom stupnju dolenjske halštatske skupine, pripisao je samo dvanaest grobova, koji su svi osim jednoga pripadali ženama. Međutim, četiri od tih grobova zapravo su stariji. S druge strane, barem dvadeset osam drugih grobova certoškoga stupnja u tumulu 48, kako ženskih tako i muških, trebalo bi pridodati broju od osam ispravno datiranih grobova četvrte faze. Neki od tih grobova vrlo su bogati te pružaju velike mogućnosti za novu tipološku i kronološku analizu ovoga stupnja.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Slovene Museum of Christianity, urbarium, 2010- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the ...Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Slovene Museum of Christianity, medieval scribe, 2008- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under ...the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Slovene Museum of Christianity, urbarium, 2010- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the ...Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
EUROPE, CENTRAL AND EASTERN Marciniak, Arkadiusz
Encyclopedia of Archaeology,
2008, 20080000, Letnik:
2
Reference, Book Chapter
The article presents a broad overview of economic, social and religious developments of prehistoric societies of central and eastern Europe. They are discussed in a broad historical and cultural ...context of trajectory of changes in other parts of Europe. Major geographic features of the region are the steppes in the east, plains in the west and the north up to the Baltic sea, and the Carpathians mountains in the south.
The article presents a history of hunter-gatherers' occupation of this part of Europe from the first hominids to the specialized Mesolithic foragers. It further focuses upon emergence of early farmers and their subsequent dynamic developments. Multiscalar transformations of the Bronze and Iron Age communities are then scrutinized, in particular a significance of new technologies of bronze and iron production. Intensified contacts with the Mediterranean civilizations are also discussed. The article concludes by presenting a history of the region in the Roman times dominated by multidimensional relationships with the Roman Empire.
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