Hatasız toz enjeksiyon kalıplama (TEK) işlemi için besleme stoklarının reolojik özellikleri iyi bilinmelidir. Bu çalışmada 316L paslanmaz çelik tozunun reolojik özelliklerine bağlayıcı sisteminin ...etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2 farklı bağlayıcı sistemi kullanılarak besleme stokları hazırlanmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda 20 mikron altı su atomize 316L paslanmaz çelik tozu kullanılmıştır. Heptan içerisinde çözünebilen parafin wax (PW) esaslı ve su içerisinde çözünebilen polietilenglikol (PEG) esaslı iki farklı bağlayıcı sistemi hazırlanmıştır. Her iki bağlayıcı sistemi içerisinde iskelet bağlayıcı olarak polipropilen (PP) ve yağlayıcı olarak stearik asit (SA) kullanılmıştır. Bağlayıcı sistemleri kuru olarak turbula marka 3 boyutlu karıştırıcıda 30 dakika karıştırılarak hazırlanmıştır. Toz ve bağlayıcı sistemleri kullanılarak hazırlanan besleme stoklarının reolojik özellikleri kılcal reometre kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Kılcal reometrenin sıcaklığı 150-200 °C aralığında basınç değerleri ise 0.165-2.069 MPa arasında değiştirilmiştir. PEG esaslı bağlayıcı sistemi kullanılarak hazırlanan besleme stoklarında toz taşıma kapasitesi hacimce %55’e, PW esaslı bağlayıcı sistemi kullanılarak hazırlanan besleme stoklarında ise %61’e çıkartılmıştır. PEG esaslı besleme stoklarında en düşük viskozite değeri 304.707 Pa.s olarak, PW esaslı besleme stoklarında en düşük viskozite değeri 48.857 Pa.s olarak elde edilmiştir.
Angiopoietin/TIE signalling plays a major role in blood and lymphatic vessel development. In mouse,
(previously known as
) mutants die prenatally due to a severely underdeveloped cardiovascular ...system. In contrast, in zebrafish, previous studies have reported that although embryos injected with
morpholinos (MOs) exhibit severe vascular defects,
mutants display no obvious vascular malformations. To further investigate the function of zebrafish Tek, we generated a panel of loss-of-function
mutants, including RNA-less alleles, an allele lacking the MO-binding site, an in-frame deletion allele and a premature termination codon-containing allele. Our data show that all these mutants survive to adulthood with no obvious cardiovascular defects. MO injections into
mutants lacking the MO-binding site or the entire
locus cause similar vascular defects to those observed in MO-injected
siblings, indicating off-target effects of the MOs. Surprisingly, comprehensive phylogenetic profiling and synteny analyses reveal that
was lost in the largest teleost clade, suggesting a lineage-specific shift in the function of TEK during vertebrate evolution. Altogether, these data show that Tek is dispensable for zebrafish development, and probably dispensable in most teleost species.
The fetal liver is a major hematopoietic site containing progenitor cells that give rise to nearly all blood cells, including B-1 cells. Because the fetal liver is not a de novo site of hematopoietic ...stem cell (HSC) or progenitor-cell emergence, it must be seeded by yolk sac (YS)-derived erythromyeloid progenitors at embryonic day (E) 8.5–E10 and aorta-gonado-mesonephros (AGM)-derived HSCs at E10.5–E11.5. Although the B-1 progenitor cell pool in the fetal liver is considered to be of HSC origin, we have previously proposed that YS-derived B-1 progenitors may also contribute to this pool. Until now, it has been impossible to determine whether HSC-independent B-1 progenitor cells exist in the fetal liver. Here, we demonstrate the presence of transplantable fetal-liver B-1 and marginal zone B progenitor cells in genetically engineered HSC-deficient embryos. HSC-deficient YS and AGM tissues produce B-1 progenitors in vitro and thus may serve as sites of origin for the B-1 progenitors that seed the fetal liver. Furthermore, we have found that core-binding factor beta (Cbfβ) expression is required for fetal-liver B-1 progenitor cell maturation and expansion. Our data provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence for the presence of B-1 progenitor cells in the fetal liver that arise independently of HSCs and implicate Cbfβ as a critical molecule in the development of this lineage.
Rangelands are among the most extensive anthropogenic landscapes on earth, supporting nearly 500 million people. Disagreements over the extent and severity of rangeland degradation affect pastoralist ...livelihoods, especially when impacts of drought and over-grazing are confounded. While vegetation indices (such as NDVI, or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) derived from remotely sensed imagery are often used to monitor rangelands, their strategic integration with local ecological knowledge (LEK) is under-appreciated. Here, we explore these complementary approaches in Kyrgyzstan’s pasture-rich province of Naryn, where disagreements regarding pasture degradation could greatly benefit from additional information. We examine a time series of MODIS satellite imagery (2000–2015) to characterize browning trends in vegetation as well as to distinguish between climate- and grazing-induced trends. We also compare and contrast measured trends with LEK perceptions of pasture degradation. To do so, we first examine statistical trends in NDVI as well as in NDVI residuals after de-trending with meteorological data. Second, we use participatory mapping to identify areas local pasture managers believe are overgrazed, a particularly useful approach in lieu of reliable historical stocking rates for livestock in this region. Lastly, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of LEK and remote sensing for landscape monitoring.
Browning trends were widespread as declining trends in NDVI (and NDVI residuals) covered 24% (and 9%) of the landscape, respectively. Local managers’ perceptions of pasture degradation better reflected trends seen in NDVI than in climate-controlled NDVI residuals, suggesting patterns in the latter are less apparent to managers. Our approach demonstrated great potential for the integration of two inexpensive and effective methods of rangeland monitoring well-suited to the country’s needs. Despite limitations due to terrain, our approach was most successful within the semi-arid steppe where pasture degradation is believed to be most severe. In many parts of the world, sources of long-term spatially extensive data are rare or even non-existent. Thus, paired LEK and remote sensing can contribute to comprehensive and informative assessments of land degradation, especially where contentious management issues intersect with sparse data availability. LEK is a valuable source of complementary information to remote sensing and should be integrated more routinely and formally into landscape monitoring. To aid this endeavor, we synthesize advice for linking LEK and remote sensing across diverse landscape situations.
In recent years, agroecosystem management strategies based on Traditional Ecological Knowledge have been receiving significant attention due to their better adaptability and sustainability. The ...inevitable environmental effects of chemical-based agri-inputs have raised enormous questions on their long-term use. The present study was an attempt to understand the impact of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) (A1) vis-à-vis conventional chemical-intensive integrated (A2) agriculture amendment systems in altering/modifying soil microbial dynamics and hence, their competence to achieve the overall goal of agricultural sustainability. The study explored the diversity of microorganisms with particular reference to Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) in these two different agri-management systems. The cropping season, phase, and the type of amendment practices used, affected the TMC (Total Microbial Count) and PSM count of the soil. The TEK amended soil system had a higher PSM count, almost two-fold (3.70 ± 0.11) as compared to chemical-intensive A2 soil (1.54 ± 0.11). Similar trends were also observed for TMC. In order to understand the microbial diversity perspectives in agricultural context, it is essential and useful to arrive at measures that can act as indicators of soil quality and crop productivity. The present study has provided evidence that TEK based organic systems had a bio-culturally rich and even soil environment, as explained by diversity indices. In addition, this dynamic state was explicitly maintained in the crucial mid-phase of flowering and fruiting. Seasonal data advocates that organic systems had stress resilience owing to microbial community composition that helps sustain stressors.
•Microbial diversity indices in TEK and chemical intensive agri-amendment systems.•Supremacy of TEK inputs in maintaining bio-culturally rich soil microcosm.•Stress resilience recorded in organic/indigenous soil inputs.•Scientifically beckoned TEK can be real game-changer for sustainable agroecosystems.
The design of the kelenteng (temple) building using a typology of the form of the Chinese temple building is very interesting to be used as a research issue, which raises some interesting questions, ...namely: (1) Does this aim at the uniformity of all the temples outside China?; (2) Is this building still feasible to use wooden structures?; (3) What about the "sign" meaning of the symbol?. This study aims to find information on how the "Kelenteng Hok Tek Bio" (Chinese temple) in anticipating this problem with the development of people who tended to increase after the fall of the New Order government in 1998 Chinese religious rituals permitted again. The method is qualitative interpretative research. The conclusion obtained in this study is; (1) The "Kelenteng Hok Tek Bio" has Si He Yuan courtyard type in the middle of the building with a symmetrical form. It looks like a Chinese Temple; (2) The structure used is wood and concrete adapted to the spirit of the age; (3) The "sign" meaning is index, symbol, and icon. The findings are "function follows the form", and the kelenteng has a courtyard, symmetrical form, wooden and concrete structures, the "sign" meaning of the building can be an index for Feng Shui, symbols for ornamentation, and icon for flora, fauna, even the hànzì script.
After a century of fire suppression and accumulating fuel loads in North American forests, prescribed burns are increasingly used to prevent conditions leading to catastrophic megafire. There is ...widespread evidence that prescribed fire was used by Indigenous communities to manage natural and cultural resources for thousands of years. Wildlife habitat is an example of an ecological response that was actively managed with prescribed burns by Indigenous American peoples and is an important factor in western US forest management planning, restoration and climate resilience efforts.
We analysed the effects of modern prescribed burns informed by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on the predicted change in elk winter habitat in Karuk aboriginal territory in Northern California between 2013 and 2018 using species distribution and simultaneous autoregressive modelling techniques.
Burn types most closely resembling Karuk traditional practices, specifically those incorporating multiple‐year broadcast burns, had significant positive effects on elk winter habitat suitability. Conversely, concentrated burns focused solely on reducing fuel loads had significant negative effects on elk winter habitat suitability. However, areas where these fuel‐reduction burns were combined with multiple years of broadcast burns featured the highest increases in habitat.
Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that transitioning to prescribed burns that more closely follow Karuk traditional ecological knowledge will promote elk habitat in the region. This would be best achieved through continuing to work closely with Indigenous representatives to plan and implement cultural fire prescriptions on a landscape scale, a trend we posit would benefit environmental management efforts across the globe.
Our results suggest that transitioning to prescribed burns that more closely follow Karuk traditional ecological knowledge will promote elk habitat in the region. This would be best achieved through continuing to work closely with Indigenous representatives to plan and implement cultural fire prescriptions on a landscape scale, a trend we posit would benefit environmental management efforts across the globe.
Cross-border research is a novel and important tool for detecting variability of ecological knowledge. This is especially evident in regions recently divided and annexed to different political ...regimes. Therefore, we conducted a study among Hutsuls, a cultural and linguistic minority group living in Northern and Southern Bukovina (Ukraine and Romania, respectively). Indeed, in the 1940s, a border was created: Northern Bukovina was annexed by the USSR while Southern Bukovina remained part of the Kingdom of Romania. In this research, we aim to document uses of plants for food and medicinal preparations, discussing the different dynamics of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) transmission among Hutsuls living in Ukraine and Romania.
Field research was conducted using convenience and snowball sampling techniques to recruit 31 Hutsuls in Ukraine and 30 in Romania for participation in semi-structured interviews regarding the use of plants for medicinal and food preparation purposes and the sources of such knowledge.
The interviews revealed that, despite a common cultural and linguistic background, ethnobotanical knowledge transmission occurs in different ways on each side of the border. Family is a primary source of ethnobotanical knowledge transmission on both sides of the border; however, in Romania, knowledge from other sources is very limited, whereas in Ukraine interviewees reported several other sources including books, magazines, newspapers, the Internet and television. This is especially evident when analysing the wild plants used for medicinal purposes as we found 53 taxa that were common to both, 47 used only in Ukraine and 11 used only in Romania. While Romanian Hutsuls used almost exclusively locally available plants, Ukrainian Hutsuls often reported novel plants such as Aloe vera, Aronia melanocarpa and Elaeagnus rhamnoides. Knowledge related to these plants was transferred by sources of knowledge other than oral transmission among members of the same family. Therefore, this may imply hybridization of the local body of knowledge with foreign elements originating in the Soviet context which has enriched the corpus of ethnobotanical knowledge held by Ukrainian Hutsuls.
While ethnobotanical knowledge among Romanian Hutsuls is mainly traditional and vertically transmitted, among Ukrainian Hutsuls there is a considerable proportion of LEK that is transmitted from other (written and visual) sources of knowledge. This cross-border research reveals that despite a common cultural background, socio-political scenarios have impacted Hutsul ethnobotanical knowledge and its transmission patterns.
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